Publications of the Indonesian Scholars' Alliance
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Teach your children well
Get PDFThis perspective looks at the importance of providing parents with the information they need to make informed decisions about their children's health, and particularly of encouraging parents to teach their children health-related practices that help prevent illness and injury; it is the viewpoint of a grandparent who is also a children's doctor.
Keywords: Perspectives, Parents, Children's Health, Health Practices
Received: 7 May 2019; Reviewed: 13 June 2019; Revised: 14 June 2019; Accepted: 19 June 2019
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-32547
Wound healing angiogenesis: A perspective of nurse
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Keywords: Wound healing, Angiogenesis, Regulating Factors, Nurses, Perspectives
Received: 08 January 2019; Reviewed: 19 January 2019; Received: in revised from 25 February 2019; Accepted: 28 February 2019
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-3154
Knowledge, attitude, and behavior about sexual and reproductive health among adolescent students in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Adolescent sexual and reproductive health (SRH) problems remain an important public health issue in many developing countries, such as Indonesia. Therefore, assessing SRH knowledge, attitude, and behavior among adolescents are worth considering for public health intervention purpose in order to reduce their vulnerability to SRH problems.Aims: This study aimed to assess SRH knowledge, attitude, and behavior among adolescent students in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.Methods: This was a cross-sectional school-based study conducted in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia from July to September 2016. This study applied multi-stage random sampling to recruit 1,200 students out of 24 junior, senior, and vocational high schools. Variables in this study consisted of socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and behavior related to SRH. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and cross-tabulation to identify proportion differences.Results: Regarding knowledge on SRH, students had less knowledge on a reproductive process (10.1%) and reproductive risk (11.4%), but half of them knew about the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV&AIDS (55.6%) and almost all had sufficient knowledge on puberty (90.7%). Meanwhile, few students argued that several sexual behaviors can be performed before getting married, such as kissing and hugging (48.9%), petting and oral sex (18.7%) and sexual intercourse (vaginal sex) (13.8%). Out of 1,200 adolescent students, 880 (73.3%) reported for have ever been in dating with someone. Among adolescent dating, few students reported for an experience of petting (14.3%), oral sex (9.8%), vaginal sex (6.5%), and anal sex (2.6%).Conclusion: Adolescent students in Denpasar, Bali, had a low level of sufficient knowledge in some SRH aspects, a few students reported for permissive attitude and performed premarital sexual behaviors. Therefore, providing comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is worth considering to improve knowledge and appropriate skills in order to prevent risky sexual behavior among adolescents.
Keywords: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH), Adolescents, Students, Knowledge, Attitude, Sexual behavior
Received: 26 October 2018, Reviewed: 08 January 2019, Received: in revised form 25 February 2019, Accepted: 28 February 2019
DOI: 10.35898/ghmj-3155
INHIBITORY OF SOURSOP LEAVES (Annona muricata L.) EXTRACT AGAINST Malassezia furfur GROWTH
Get PDFBackground: Malassezia furfur in certain conditions can turn into a pathological phase, from the yeast phase to the mycelia phase that attacks the stratum corneum. Malassezia furfur is one of the causes of Pityriasis versicolor. The prevalence of pityriasis versicolor in Indonesia is quite high at around 40- 50%. Several studies suggested that soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) contains active substances with anti-fungal properties. This study aims to determine the inhibition of soursop leaves (Annonamuricata L.) extract against the growth of Malassezia furfur.
Methods: This study was an experimental study with Post-test Only Control Group Design. Malassezia furfur fungi is used as subject in this study and ethanol extract of soursop leaves as a natural antifungal against Malassezia furfur. The concentrations of extract tested were 100%, 80%, 60%, 30%. Miconazole 2% was used as a positive control while DMSO 10% was used a negative one. The result of the study was analyzed by descriptive analysis which showed by increasing average diameter ofantifungal.
Results: The results showed that soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) extract had inhibitory effect on the growth of Malassezia furfur fungi at 100% concentration of 2.50 mm, 80% at 1.50 mm, 60% at 0.47 mm, 30% concentration at 0.25 mm and positive control of 14.50 mm. While as negative control, no inhibition zones were formed on SDA media.
Conclusion: Soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) extract can inhibit the growth of Malassezia furfur, but the formed inhibition zone is weak. Further research is needed to found the best type of antifungal metabolites to maximize antifungal effects.
Keywords: Soursop leaves extract, Annona muricata L. , Malassezia furfu
INDONESIAN HERBS WITH ANTIFERTILITY EFFECTS ON MEN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: The attention and implementation of family planning programs in Indonesia tends to focus on women. Meanwhile, male contraception method has fewer types than female ones. Various herbs in Indonesia have showed potential antifertility effects on men. The objectives of this study is to identify and analyze the results of studies on the effects of Indonesian herbs on male antifertility.
Methods: This was a systematic review using several articles obtained from Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and Garba Rujukan Digital databases. The inclusion criteria in this study were experimental research of the effects of herbs on antifertility; samples of studies included male mice, long-tailed male monkeys, and human sperm; and full-text article available.
Results: The literature search returned 1420 articles, of which 37 studies were included in the systematic review. Different Indonesian herbs were observed, such as Carica papaya (n = 8), Momordica charantia (n = 7), Piper betle (n = 5), Hibiscus rosa (n = 5), Curcuma domestica (n = 4), Areca catechu (n = 4), and Andrographis paniculata (n = 4) have been identify with different effects.Antifertility effects observed including antispermatogenic, sperm quality reduction, and the changing of the histology of reproductive organs.
Conclusions: Indonesian herbs are portentially used as new contraceptive methods for male subjects such as Carica papaya, Momordica charantia, Piper betle, Hibiscus rosa, Curcuma domestica, Areca catechu, and Andrographic paniculata. Further research is needed regarding the effects of herbs on human subjects, reversibility effects, and the safety of herbs on health in a long-term use.
Keywords: male antifertility, herbs, systematic revie
FACTORS AFFECTING MEDICAL DOCTOR TURNOVER IN THE HOSPITAL: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Among others, healthcare professional is one of the main drivers in the hospital. Medical doctor plays an important role in patient-centered care system in the hospital, leading health services to patients, cooperating with other healthcare professionals. Medical doctor shortage and high turnover in the hospital has become a problem in many countries. High turnover of medical doctor can lead to an inadequate supply of health services, thereby compromising people's access to health care and endangering the quality of patient care and safety. The objective of this study is to get an overview of the factors that affect medical doctor turnover in the hospital.
Methods: A systematic review of articles published between 2014 and 2019 that contain information from all relevant published articles were extracted and analyzed.
Results: The literature search and screening process resulted in 9 (nine) studies. From the selected studies, overtime, job satisfaction, and work stress are among the things that affect the turnover of medical doctor in the hospital.
Conclusions: Consequences of high medical doctor turnover in the hospital are including financial loss, low patient satisfaction, and poor organizational practices. Factors affecting medical doctor turnover in the hospital are long work hours, job satisfaction, work stress, workplace condition, and hospital management.
Keywords: medical doctor; physician; turnover; hospital
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF KERSEN (Muntingia calabura L.) LEAVES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: Many kinds of antibiotics are being used for treating the infections, but bacterial resistance is a main therapeutic problem. Medicinal plants are one of sources of therapeutic aid for relieve human illness. Muntingia Calabura is a medicinal plant that might have pharmacological value. Muntingia Calabura, is called throughout the world as "Jamaican cherry” and in Indonesia, it is known as "Kersen” or "Talok”. This study aims to analyze the antimicrobial activity of Muntingia calabura leaves.
Methodology: This systematic review was conducted from December 2018 to February 2019 using PRISMA reporting guidelines. Literature has been retrieved from MEDLINE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, and IEEE Xplore, use key words Muntingia calabura, phytochemical, pharmacological, and antimicrobial. The articles written by English. Results: From 9 studies, the antibacterial test for Muntingia calabura leaves was carried out on 18 types of microorganisms. Muntingia calabura leaves proved to be effective against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacteria. 4 studies showed negative results use Muntingia calabura in certain types of bacteria.
Conclusion: Therefore, this plant can be used for treatment of bacteria. This study is also presented to help guide researchers to plan their future studies related to this plant for preventing the bacterial infection, especially in obstetrics and gynecology.
Keywords: Muntingia calabura, antimicrobial activity, pharmacological activitie
FOOT REFLEXOLOGY FOR WOMEN AND FETAL WELLBEING IN LABOR : A REVIEW
Get PDFBackground: The secretion of catecholamine and epinephrine due to excessive fear and anxiety during labor will increase the intensity of pain and potentially prolonged labor. Reflexology massage leads to release endorphins and enkephalins which have an analgesic effect five times greater than morphine, creates a deep feeling of comfort and balance of mind so the stress symptoms are reduced, and improves the outcomes of labor. This study aims to analyze the effects of foot reflexology for women and fetal wellbeing in labor.
Methodology: This systematic review used PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols). The keywords used were reflexology or foot feflexology, pain relief, labor pain, primiparaous, effect or effectiveness. Articles were searched through databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. Inclusion were articles that discusssed about reflexology and its effects in labor, experimental research and written in English. The selected articles were excluded for irrelevant titles and abstracts, non-full text, research under 2009 and duplicate articles. From 78 articles, only 8 articles were included in this systematic review.
Results: This study found that foot reflexology can reduce the intensity of labor pain. It was also decreased duration, anxiety, hemorrhage rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse and increased uterine contractions, Apgar scores and maternal satisfaction with a highly statistical significant.
Conclusion: Foot reflexology could decrease the intensity of labor pain, anxiety, duration, maternal complications and increase uterine contractions. In addition to improve labor outcomes and mother satisfaction. It is recommended as non pharmacological method which can be applied in maternity hospitals to improve women and fetal wellbeing during labor.
Keywords: Reflexology, labor, maternal and fetal wellbein
HEALTH LITERACY AND DIABETES RISK FACTORS SCORE
Get PDFIntroduction: Health literacy is an ability of people to get, process and understand the health information and services to make a health decision. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is known as one of major health problem around the world. Decreasing the new cases of DM can be done by applying healthy lifestyle. Health literacy affects to people's life style. This study aims to examine health literacy level of civil administration servant in Central Kalimantan with Diabetes risk factors score.
Methods: Totally 42 respondents were recruited in this study. HLS-EU-Q16 was used to measure health literacy level and Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) questionnaire was used to measure diabetes risk factors score. The data was analyzed in univariate and bivariate analysis used Chi-square.
Results: Majority of respondents had aged under 45 years old (85.7%) and male (54.8%). The health literacy level of respondents was high (59.5%) and most of them had low risk of diabetes (69.0%). By using Chi-square, health literacy level was statistically significant with diabetes risk factors score (p=0.028). The risk factors for diabetes that mostly found were overweight, low physical activity, family history of diabetes and not consumed fruit and vegetables every day.
Conclusion: Health literacy level was statistically significant with diabetes risk factors score. The government should promote healthy lifestyle to decrease the risk of getting non-communicable disease such as Diabetes Mellitus not only for civil servant but also general population.
Keywords Health literacy, Diabetes risk factors, Civil servant, Central Kalimanta
MICROENCAPSULATION OF KARAMUNTING LEAF EXTRACT (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) AS AN INSTANT DRINK POWDER
Get PDFBackgrounds: Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), a local wild plant from Central Kalimantan, Indonesia is believed by the Dayak tribe to treat diabetes mellitus. Based on the literature review, there have been no studies related to Karamunting focused on processed products in practical dosage forms in the form of instant powder, which has the longest shelf life. This study aims to explore the solubility and percentage of insoluble solids of Karamunting leaf powder that has been encapsulated with the addition of Maltodextrin. In addition, an assessment of the sensory attributes of Karamunting leaf drinks was also carried out.
Methods: This study was used an experimental with applied the Randomized Block Design (RBD) design with 2 factors, comparing the number of Karamuting leaf extracts and the concentration of Maltodextrin to produce a formula of 0.5L:5%, 0.5L:10%, 0.5L:15%, 1L:5%, 1L:10% and 1L:15%. This research conducted in the Laboratory of Agricultural Product Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from November to December 2018.
Results: The application of spray dryer produced fine powder of Karamunting drink. It has a distinctive aroma and its color was ranged from bright cream to slightly brownish. Addition of Maltodextrin significantly accelerated powder's solubility and decreased its yield (p<0.05). Panelists tend to prefer products with 1 L of Karamunting leaf extract and 10% Maltodextrin.
Conclusions: Solubility rate of Karamunting leaf extract is strongly influenced by the concentration of Maltodextrin. The higher the concentration of Maltodextrin, the faster the product will be dissolved. Addition of Maltodextrin significantly reduced the total of insoluble solids. However, antidiuretic activity of Karamunting drink should be investigated to prove its health claim.
Keywords: Karamunting Leaves, Maltodextrin, Instant Drink Powder, Encapsulatio