International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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In-Silico Evaluation of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs as Antimicrobial Agents Against MDR Urinary Tract Infections
Get PDFThe growing antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogens underscores the need for alternative treatment strategies. This study employed Density Functional Theory (DFT) and molecular docking to investigate the repurposing potential of five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) celecoxib, indomethacin, ketoprofen, piroxicam, and salsalate against the fimbrial adhesin protein of Proteus mirabilis (PDB ID: 6H2L). DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level revealed distinct electronic properties: ketoprofen exhibited the largest HOMO–LUMO band gap (4.575 eV), indicating high chemical stability, while piroxicam displayed the smallest band gap (2.719 eV), suggesting enhanced reactivity. Electrophilicity indices ranged from 14.822 eV (celecoxib) to 19.031 eV (piroxicam), reflecting differential binding propensities. Docking studies showed that ketoprofen achieved the strongest binding affinity (−7.8 kcal/mol), forming three stable hydrogen bonds with residues THR80, LYS78, and HIS186. Indomethacin exhibited a binding affinity of −7.2 kcal/mol and the highest number of hydrogen bonds (four), while piroxicam displayed strong binding (−7.4 kcal/mol) with the shortest hydrogen bond distance (1.96 Å), highlighting its potential for stable protein interactions. Celecoxib and salsalate showed moderate binding affinities (−7.0 kcal/mol). Collectively, ketoprofen and piroxicam emerged as the most promising candidates for further evaluation. This study demonstrates the potential of NSAIDs as antibacterial agents and underscores the value of computational approaches in guiding drug repurposing efforts against multidrug-resistant uropathogens However, experimental validation through microbiological assays is required before clinical translationdrug repositionin
Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity among Staff of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto: A Cross-sectional Study
Get PDFOverweight and obesity have risen globally, doubling since 1980, and now affect approximately one-third of the world’s population. In Nigeria, the economic burden of obesity is substantial, with treatment costs estimated at ₦88,000 per patient annually. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 109 academic and non-academic staff of UDUS selected through multistage probability sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Respondents were predominantly young (71.6%), male (78%), married (78%), and mainly of Hausa/Fulani ethnicity (67%), with 92.7% residing in urban areas. Bivariate analysis identified significant socio-demographic determinants associated with overweight and obesity, including age (OR 4.208; p = 0.002), male sex (OR 3.151; p = 0.022), marital status (OR 5.120; p = 0.003), junior staff grade (OR 0.340; p = 0.025), and number of children (OR 1.910; p = 0.005). The findings from this study highlight that overweight and obesity are notably prevalent among university staff, with a combined prevalence of 47%, aligning with regional and national data in Nigeria. Behavioral factors, especially sweets and chocolate consumption, showed a significant association with increased risk, while fruit intake exhibited a near-significant trend. Sociodemographic variables such as age, sex, marital status, staff grade, and the number of children also influence obesity risk, consistent with prior regional studies. Additionally, low smoking and alcohol consumption mirror sociocultural patterns, and sedentary lifestyles may further elevate obesity risk among university employees
Investigation on the Consequences of Missing Case Folder in General Hospital Gusau, Zamfara State
Get PDFMissing case folders refers to as a loss, misplacement, or unavailability of physical or digital files containing patient medical information which consist of patients’ medical history, clinical investigation and final diagnosis for continuity of patient care. Missing patient case folder resulted to improper patient management, therefore patient case folder is the case indicator measuring the level of service provided to the patient. Survey research design was used for this study. The target population of this study was Health Information Managers. The instrument for data collection in this study area is check list tool. The result shows that Human Factor scale returned the highest reliability value among the individual determinants, with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.81, denoting excellent internal consistency. The items within this section skill level, staff commitment, patient-staff relationships, and service delivery are closely related, indicating that respondents' perceptions of human contributions to the problem are measured consistently and reliably. The Natural Disaster Factors scale had a slightly lower reliability coefficient of 0.69, which is still within the acceptable range. This set of items assessed backup systems, space, shelves, and security measures in the context of natural events, and although less consistent than other determinants, it remains statistically acceptable for inclusion in the analysis. In conclusion missing patient case folder reduce healthcare quality and safety to the patient. Work experience plays a critical role in shaping staff awareness and concern regarding operational inefficiencies and infrastructural gaps that may lead to missing patient case folders. The study recommends that, there is need for management, government to providing necessary training to enhance service delivery mechanisms of Health Information Management Personnel. Good filling method should be provided to minimise missing patient case folders. Filling space should be provided to enhance the services
Suction/Injection Effect on Exponential Heat Generating Fluid Via a Slit Microchannel
Get PDFIn this article, the impacts of magnetic fields and fluid motion with exponential heat generation inside a slit porous microchannel affected by suction/injection impact are investigated analytically. We analyzed the natural convective flow of an incompressible fluid over a parallel plate microchannel exposed to a perpendicular magnetic field. One of the parallel plates has a superhydrophobic surface (SHS), while the other plate has a no-slip surface (NSS). A closed-form approach was employed to treat the governing equations for case I, representing the physical scenario of a heated SHS while the NSS remained unheated, and case II, depicting the realistic conditions where a no-slip wall is heated while the SHS remains unheated. The consequences of various flow parameters, such as suction/injection, Darcy number (Da), exponential heat generating parameter (Qg), and MHD, on velocity and temperature, volume flow rate, skin friction, and Nusselt number are graphically demonstrated. It is concluded that the action of suction/injection is to decrease/increase the temperature and velocity components, respectively, for both cases. It is revealed that thermal profiles rise in both cases, considering the impact of the exponential heat generation parameter (Qg). The velocity component and volume flow rate substantially increased with the influence of the Darcy number (Da) and the exponential heat source parameter (Qg). This work will encourage the advancement of knowledge in fluid dynamics and heat transfer, with possible uses for heat transfer advances in the chemical and engineering sectors, microelectronic cooling/heating, biomedical devices, and lab-on-a-chip devices
Hybrid Defense against Pollution Attacks in P2P Live Video Streaming
Get PDFPollution attacks present a serious risk to the integrity and reliability of peer-to-peer (P2P) live video streaming networks, negatively impacting video quality and user experience. This paper introduces a combined security strategy that merges blacklisting and traffic encryption techniques to counter these attacks. We assessed the effectiveness of Blacklisting, Traffic Encryption, and Hybrid methods using the OMNeT++ simulation environment across networks ranging from 1,000 to 5,000 nodes. The findings revealed that the Hybrid method consistently surpassed the others, achieving a detection rate of 90% and a pollution rate of 9% at 5,000 nodes, compared to 72%/20% for Blacklisting and 65%/23% for Traffic Encryption. This research work shows that the hybrid approach provides a more robust, scalable, and effective means of protecting P2P video streaming from pollution attacks
 
Preparation, Chemistry and Applications of Chitosan
Get PDFChitosan is an amino- polysaccharide derived from chitin that comprises of linear amino-polysacchride including N-acetyl D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine components. Chitosan has gathered largely interest starting with industry and academic as a result of its biological activities. Chitosan may be fitting biopolymer that could be employed in a variety of industries. Currently the major sources of chitosan are crustacean shells, shrimp, crabs and crayfish. The present review interested on the recent sources of chitosan particularly insects such as grasshopper. Insect like grasshopper are considered to be pest and harmful species to agricultural land and they are in abundance especially in the northern part of Nigeria and it can serve as possible source of chitosan and their scientific benefit has not been tapped, also different method may be used to prepare chitosan such as chemical and biological method, and it has many application. The present review provided the best insight into the sourcing the chitosan from insect such as grasshopper as alternative to crustaceans shells, shrimp and crabs which may also address food scarcity related challenges by reducing the population of the pests and thereby their infestation. The future direction of research should focus on the destruction of catastrophic species into a value-added product that could replace the existing biopolymers sources and hence increase the opportunities in this field, also studies are required to optimize the production process for higher yield using modern technology such as electrochemical methods or ultrasonication and microwave. Further innovative insect rearing methods would also produce a constant supply of insects for industrial uses i.e specific species/stages. Cost-effective method and straightforward synthesis approaches could be required for large-scale production of insect chitosan. Hence, up-scaling efficiency, insect species selectivity, and stability in real-time applications need to be explored. Also, further research is required for understanding the chitosan mechanisms of action and bioactivity
Assessment and Comparison of Cardiometabolic Diseases Risk Factors in Urban and Rural Communities of Kebbi State
Get PDFCardiometabolic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, are major public health problems related to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the growing burden of these diseases, there is a lack of comprehensive data on cardiometabolic risk factors in both rural and urban areas of Kebbi State. This study aims to assess and compare the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, including hypertension, obesity, and diabetes, in rural and urban communities of Kebbi State. The study is a cross-sectional study that involved field data collection from selected rural and urban communities, including the administration of structured questionnaires, clinical measurements, and biochemical testing to evaluate key cardiometabolic markers. Blood pressure was measured using a digital sphygmomanometer, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from weight and height measurements. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of glucose levels. The study found that urban residents had a higher prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors compared to rural communities (p<0.0001). Hypertension and diabetes were found to be more prevalent in urban areas compared to rural communities (p = 0.010 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Although urban residents had higher mean weight and height, BMI did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Urban residents are more aware (68.5%) and are more likely to believe that lifestyle changes can reduce risks, suggesting the need for better health education in urban areas. There are significant urban-rural disparities in cardiometabolic health, with urban residents experiencing a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, even though urban residents have more knowledge about these risk factors. There is a need for improved health education, especially in rural communities.  
Two–State Stochastic Model with Application to the Nigeria’s Labour Market
Get PDFThis research seeks to address the critical issue of unemployment in Nigeria by developing a two-state stochastic model to analyse transitions between employment and unemployment states in the labour market. Traditional models, such as ARIMA, rely heavily on historical data and are limited to short-term predictions. To overcome these limitations, a Modified Exponential Distribution (MED) is introduced in this work that can model long-term transition probabilities, contrasting it with the conventional exponential distribution (ED). The model is applied to Nigeria's labour market, segmented into public and private sectors, with the private sector further divided into formal and informal sectors. Key findings reveal that the MED is more suitable for long-term analysis, showing gradual transitions, while the ED predicts rapid changes, ideal for short-term forecasts. Regional analysis highlights disparities across Nigeria's geopolitical zones, with the South-East and South-South exhibiting the highest unemployment and employment probabilities, indicating dynamic but unstable labour markets. The private sector dominates employment absorption, offering an 82% probability by year 10, compared to 18% in the public sector. Similarly, the informal sector provides immediate employment but plateaus early, while the formal sector shows steady growth, suggesting long-term stability. The study underscores the need for targeted policies to address regional imbalances and promote formal sector growth. It recommends prioritizing private sector opportunities for job seekers while advocating for structural reforms to enhance formal employment. By providing a robust framework for long-term labour market analysis, this research contributes to informed policy-making and economic planning in Nigeria. 
Exploring Quaternionic Moufang Loops in Error Detection Within Secure Communication System
Get PDFThis paper presents the use of Moufang loops for error detection and how effective it is in secure communication. A set G with a binary operation ◦ is a Moufang loop if it has an identity element and satisfies:
By using their plaintext sensitivity and non-associative nature, we present in this paper a method for writing/encoding messages into quaternionic form and detecting errors using norm based thresholds. Furthermore, using theoretical analysis and simulated cyberattacks, we show that this approach is more effective than standard associative methods currently used in detecting subtle data changes
Judd-Offelt Analysis of Sm/Dy Codoped Borate-Based Glasses Co-embedded with Gold and Silver Nanoparticles.
Get PDFMetallic nanoparticles through their localized surface plasmon resonance plays a vital role in enhancing the optical absorption and emission of rare earth ions doped glasses aimed at optics/photonic applications. In this work, a series of borate based glasses was synthesized and co-embedded with gold and silver nanoparticles through melt-quenching technique. Judd-Ofelt analysis was done to determine the absorption and emission traits. The Uv-Vis-NIr absorption measurement revealed eleven 6H15/2 to manifold absorption bands. While the addition of 0.03 mol% of AgNPs saw the reduction in the absorption intensity as revealed by S2 glass sample, the addition of 0.1 mol% nanoparticles saw the enhancement of the absorbance attaining the highest value as proved by S3 glass sample. Bandgap energies for the developed glasses were determined using Tauc’s plot with S4 producing the highest value of 2.3 eV. Furthermore, the oscillator strength of transition 6F5/2 was found to be decreased from 0.374 to 0.178 ×10-6 while that of 6F7/2 increased from 0.589 to 0.594×10-6 with the introduction of the nanoparticles co-embedder. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6 were derived from the oscillator strengths and the magnitude of Ω2 corresponding to S0 decreased down to 0.81 ×10-20 cm2 from 1.15×10-20 cm2 which is further reduced to 0.58×10-20 cm2 with the co-embedding activity. Perhaps, structural re-adjustments within the glass network is responsible for the observed fluctuations. Conclusively, due to the achieved striking absorption and emission cross-sections, we suggests that the present glass-REions-metallic nanoparticles combination may be useful for laser and white light emitting diodes applications