International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Isolation and Identification of Bacteria Present on Telfairia occidentalis Sold at Some Selected Markets in Abuja Municipal Area Council, Nigeria
Get PDFTelfairia occidentalis, commonly known as fluted pumpkin or ‘Ugu’ is a widely consumed leafy vegetable in Nigeria due to its high nutritional value. However, the processes involved in its planting, harvesting, and marketing particularly in open markets are often unhygienic, exposing the vegetable to potential bacterial contamination. Thirty (30) samples were aseptically collected randomly in sterile Ziploc polythene bags in batches of ten (10) from three (3) different markets namely Nyanya (Ny), Kurudu (Ku) and Karshi (Ka) in Abuja Municipal Area Council, F.C.T, Nigeria. Staphylococcus, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter and Klebsiella species were isolated and identified using Morphological, Cultural and Biochemical assessment. Ten (10) isolates each constituting of Staphylococcus species were identified from three (3) markets. The number of Klebsiella specie isolated were 6, 5 and 5 in Ny, Ku, and Ka respectively. One (1) isolate each, of Pseudomonas and Enterobacter species were identified from Ny, Ku, and Ka. Total Mean Viable Count (TVC) and Total Mean Coliform Count (TCC) were 1.33 X 106 CFU/ml and 1.12 X 106 CFU/ml for Ny and Ka respectively. The lowest mean count TVC and TCC were recorded in Ka. The observed differences in mean bacterial counts were not statistically significant at the 5% level (F = 2.83, p = 0.0805). Ny had the highest microbial load compared to Ku and Ka. This could be as a result of improper handling during harvesting and poor sanitary measures by food vendors. Hence, there should be proper public enlightenment on the handling and consumption of vegetables
Design and Evaluation of a Fault-Tolerant Spine-Leaf Data Center Network Using Cisco Packet Tracer
Get PDFThis study presents the design and performance evaluation of a fault-tolerant spine-leaf data center network for higher education institutions, implemented and tested using Cisco Packet Tracer. Targeting Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara as a case study, the architecture leverages redundant spine switches (Cisco 3560) and dual-homed leaf switches (Cisco 2960) with Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) to ensure high availability. Through controlled simulations of link/router failures, the network demonstrated sub-second failover times (HSRP: 400ms, RSTP: 1.2s) and maintained operational stability with only an 18% latency increase during failures outperforming traditional three-tier designs by 17%. Key metrics including throughput (940Mbps baseline, 4.8% degradation during failures) and bandwidth utilization (40% normal, 55% failure conditions) validate the design's resilience. The study contributes: (1) empirical evidence of spine-leaf viability for resource-constrained institutions, (2) a benchmarked configuration achieving 99.98% availability with off-the-shelf hardware, and (3) identified optimization opportunities through TRILL/SPB protocols to address the observed 5% throughput drop during re-convergence. These findings provide network architects with a proven template for academic data centers, balancing cost-efficiency with enterprise-grade fault tolerance
Machine Learning-Based Tertiary Institutions’ Data Harmonization with a Large Language Model Decision Support System: A Literature Review
Get PDFThe increasing complexity of data ecosystems in tertiary institutions necessitates advanced approaches to data harmonisation. This literature appraisal investigates the purposes of Machine Learning (ML) and Large Language Models (LLMs) as groundbreaking assets for enabling data-oriented decision-making and integration. It synthesizes current research on their applications in data cleaning, feature selection, predictive analytics, and the processing of unstructured data. The findings indicate that ML and LLMs improve data quality, interoperability, and institutional responsiveness. Still, issues of morality like the bias present in algorithms, apprehensions regarding data privacy, and the imperative for clarity persist as major concerns. The review concludes with recommendations for future research to guide the responsible and effective deployment of ML and LLMs in higher education data harmonization frameworks
Biostratigraphy Analysis of Mars Field Offshore, Dahomey Basin, Nigeria
Get PDFThe biostratigraphic interpretation of the Mars Field, located offshore in the Dahomey Basin of western Nigeria, was conducted through a detailed analysis of index fossil species identified across three wells: MARS 1, MARS 3, and MARS 5. This study leverages the occurrence and distribution of key microfossils to establish a robust chronostratigraphic framework spanning the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene periods. The presence of Globanomalina daubjergensis indicates a Lower Paleocene age, while the dinoflagellate Dinogymnium acuminatum suggests a Danian age at depths ranging from approximately 6250’ to 8990’, marking the transition to Cretaceous strata at 8990’ (Berggren et al., 1995). Further, the occurrence of Globotruncana gansseri points to a Late Campanian to Upper Maastrichtian age at depths of 9080’–9420’, and Globotruncana aegyptiaca denotes a Coniacian age at around 10750’ (Bralower et al., 1995). Deeper intervals reveal an Albian age inferred from Callialasporites spp. at approximately 12400’, and the presence of Dicheiropollis etruscus at about 14660’ suggests a Barremian age, indicating the oldest strata penetrated in the study area (Adeigbe et al., 2013). These biozones, derived from foraminifera, palynomorphs, and calcareous nannofossils, correlate with regional unconformities and seismic markers, providing insights into the basin’s depositional history. The analysis highlights variations in microfossil abundance and diversity with depth, reflecting changes in paleoenvironmental conditions and sedimentological processes within the transform margin setting of the Dahomey Basin. This biostratigraphic framework not only refines the geological timeline of the Mars Field but also supports its potential significance for hydrocarbon exploration by delineating key stratigraphic intervals
Seismic and Petrophysical Analysis of Tomboy Field: Identifying Hydrocarbon Reserves in Niger Delta
Get PDFThe Tomboy Field in the Niger Delta Basin is thoroughly examined in this article, with an emphasis on petrophysical research and seismic interpretation to pinpoint hydrocarbon reserves. To assess the field's reservoir potential, the analysis combines well log data, 3D seismic scans, and petrophysical characteristics like porosity, water saturation, and Net-To-Gross (NTG).
Six distinct reservoirs were delineated, each displaying varying hydrocarbon saturation levels, with Reservoirs 5 and 6 showing significant oil accumulations. The study highlights how crucial contemporary 3D seismic interpretation methods are for minimizing reservoir characterization uncertainty and maximizing field development.
Additionally, the application of Petrel software for stratigraphic and structural mapping allowed for the identification of potential drilling locations, with synthetic seismograms used to correlate well logs to seismic data. The results suggest the Tomboy Field contains untapped hydrocarbon potential, particularly in Reservoirs 5 and 6, which are recommended for further exploration and development. The results provide useful insights into optimizing hydrocarbon recovery through integrated seismic and petrophysical analysis and further our understanding of the geology of the Niger Delta Basin
Phenotypic Characterization and Resistance Trends of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Selected Hospitals in Ilorin, Kwara State Nigeria
Get PDFKlebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as a formidable pathogen, complicating the treatment of infections in healthcare settings. In this study, we examined the phenotypic characteristics and resistance trends of K. pneumoniae isolates from 150 clinical samples - including urine, blood, and deep throat sputum - collected from selected hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria. Forty-nine isolates were recovered, with a predominance among female patients and individuals aged 18 - 40 years. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using standard bacteriological methods and a modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. The findings revealed a concerning level of resistance to cephalosporins and beta-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, whereas aminoglycosides, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones demonstrated relatively higher susceptibility rates. Notably, the majority of the isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with several showing high Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index values that underscore the significant antibiotic pressure in the clinical environment. These results highlight the urgent need for enhanced antibiotic stewardship and continuous surveillance to inform targeted treatment strategies. The insights gained from this study provide crucial data for developing effective interventions aimed at curbing the spread of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae and ultimately improving patient outcomes in resource-limited settings
Phytochemical Constituents, and Antioxidant Activities of Sokoto-Grown Hibiscus Sabdariffa (Zobo)
Get PDFOxidative stress is a harmful physiological condition caused by an imbalance between free radical production and the body’s antioxidant defense system. It contributes to the development of many chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn., locally known as “zobo” in Nigeria, is a medicinal plant traditionally consumed as a beverage and used for various therapeutic purposes. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa leaf extracts. Dried red and black zobo leaves were collected from Tsohuwar Kasuwa market in Sokoto and authenticated at the Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The samples were soaked in distilled water for 24 hours, filtered, and stored. Phytochemical screening was conducted using standard qualitative and quantitative methods, while antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The phytochemical results revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, steroids, balsams, anthraquinones, and volatile oils. Quantitatively, black zobo exhibited higher flavonoid (2.26 ± 0.01%) and glycoside (3.82 ± 0.02%) contents, while red zobo contained more amount of saponins (2.78 ± 0.01%). Antioxidant activity showed that black zobo had a higher radical scavenging activity (73.86 ± 0.37%) compared to red zobo (66.42 ± 0.85%) at 0.2 mg/mL. A decline in activity was observed at higher concentrations. The results suggest that Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves, particularly the black variant, are rich in phytochemicals with significant antioxidant activity and could serve as a potential natural remedy for oxidative stress-related conditions
Sensitivity of Malaria-HBV Co-Infection Dynamics to Parameter Changes: A Mathematical Analysis
Get PDFMalaria and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) co-infection pose significant health challenges, particularly in tropical developing countries. This study develops a mathematical model describing the co-infection dynamics of Malaria and HBV diseases in human populations. The model is divided into eleven compartments, and its qualitative analysis reveals the equilibrium points, positivity of solutions, and invariant regions. The disease-free equilibrium point and reproduction numbers are determined, indicating local asymptotic stability. Sensitivity analysis identifies key parameters influencing the co-infection model, including HBV recovery rate, malaria transmission probability in humans, and probability of transmission of malaria in mosquitoes. Numerical simulations demonstrate that increasing HBV recovery rate and decreasing malaria transmission probabilities can effectively control the spread of the infection. Specifically, increasing HBV recovery rate reduces HBV-only and Malaria-HBV co-infected populations, while decreasing malaria transmission probabilities in humans and mosquitoes reduces Malaria-only, HBV-only, and Malaria-HBV co-infected populations. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to develop effective strategies for controlling the spread of Malaria-HBV co-infection
Assessment of Residual Antibiotics, Biocides and their impact on Soil Microbial Communities in Irrigated Farms in Kano State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigates the presence and impact of residual antibiotics and biocides on soil microbial communities in irrigated farms in Kano State, Nigeria. The growing use of antibiotics and biocides in agriculture, particularly in Kano's extensive irrigated farming systems, has raised concerns about their environmental effects. This research aims to understand how these substances affect soil health by analyzing soil samples from three farms and a control site. Soil samples were collected biweekly over six months from three farms and a control area using a 6-inch sampling probe. Bacterial counts were determined using pour-plating techniques, and bacterial isolates were identified through biochemical tests. Residual antibiotics and biocides in soil were quantified using an Agilent Intuvo 9000 GC system coupled with a detector system 5977B MSD. The total bacterial counts in the farms' soil samples were significantly higher than in the control site, indicating contamination. Ceftriaxone, doxycycline, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were the most frequently detected antibiotics, with varying concentrations across different farms. Cypermethrin was the only biocide consistently found in soil samples, with higher concentrations in the irrigated farm soils than in the control. Several bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, particularly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and doxycycline. This resistance was more pronounced in soil from the farms than the control site. The presence of residual antibiotics and biocides in Kano's irrigated farms significantly affects soil microbial communities, leading to increased bacterial counts and antibiotic resistance. This study underscores the need for sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate the environmental impact of these substances
Ethnobotanical Documentation and Phytochemical Characterization of Anti-Diabetic Medicinal Plants in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study conducted an ethnobotanical survey and phytochemical screening of selected medicinal plants used for diabetes treatment in Sokoto State, Nigeria." The parameters were documentation of medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes diseases by local herbalist and Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants. The data collection was carried out using Interviews and Questionnaires and laboratory screening of selected plants. The results of the study showed that 54 plants from 33 different families were recorded as medicinal plants used in the treatment of various ailments within the study areas and the most mentioned families include; fabacean, Malnaceae, and Meliaceae. However, the Study showed that the flavonoid and tannin compounds were present in all the extracts of the selected plant samples in both solvent and aqueous extract. Based on the study it was concluded that the presence of phytochemical compounds identified in the extracted plant samples showed that the plants have important biological activities used in the treatment of various ailments such as antibiotic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular activities, cancer, diabetes, and antimalarial activities etc. and further recommended that, More research should be carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites and identification of compounds present in the plants using qualitative and GCMS analysis for better understanding of their biological role in treating the different ailment