International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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The in vivo effect of Methyl Chavicol, on the Candida albicans Germ Tube Induction
Get PDFYeast (Candida albicans) is the term for the fungus that exists as a single celled organism rather than as hyphae. In the present study Methyl chavicol a major constituent of Holy Basil (Ocimum sanctum) essential oil has been evaluated against the induction of germ tubes in Candida albicans. Ocimum Sanctum leaves and seeds were used for extraction of basil oil through stream distillation process. Candida cells were also grown in yeast extract, peptone and dextrose (1:2:2) medium. Primary culture (0.5%) of Candida albicans was mixed with 25ml of Lee’s modified media which was grown for 72 h at 25oC and was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 min. The cells obtained in the form of pellet were washed with distilled water and then reinoculated into fresh 50ml LMM and the test compound was added. pH of the solution was adjusted to 6.5 at 37oC by adding 0.1 N NaOH solution. Then slides were prepared after every 90 min interval for 24 h and observed under inverted microscope. After 90 min in all the three sets, germ tube induction begins but the length of the germ tube greatly differs. In the control the maximum length observed is 38.3 μm but in MC1 and MC2 it is 9.4μm and 5.7μm, respectively. This clearly shows the inhibitory effects of methyl chavicol on germ tube induction. Similar results of decreasing length of germ tubes in MC2 at different time periods, proved that MC2 i.e. 70μg/mL methyl chavicol is a potent inhibitor of germ tubes induction. 
Concentrations of some Heavy Metals in Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa Grown in Abarma River Bank, Gusau- Nigeria.
Get PDF This work evaluated the heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Ni, and Pb) uptake of Lycopersicon esculentum and Allium cepa grown in the river bank of Abarma area, Gusau-Nigeria and assessed the potential risks of such metals. The concentration of metals in this samples follows the; Cd > Cr > Pb > Ni, Tomato is Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb, onion leave as Cr > Cd > Ni > Pb, and onions bulb is Cr > Cd> Ni >Pb. The range concentration of Cd, Cr and Pb in Lycopersicon esculentum Samples Obtained in mg/kg; 10.3±1.7- 6.9±1.8 for Cd, 12.6±3.0-8.0±0.6 for Cr and 4.3±1.0- 2.1±0.6 for Pb, are greater than FAO/WHO guidelines of 0.2mg/kg, 2.3mg/kg and 0.3mg/kg respectively. But the mean concentrations in mg/kg of Ni 5.5±0.8-2.8±0.8 is below 10mg/kg FAO/WHO guideline. However, the mean concentration in mg/kg of Cd, Cr and Pb and in Allium cepa samples obtained; 24.6±2.5-9.7±0.6(leaves), 10.9±1.2-6.8±2.7(bulbs) for Cd, 11.4±3.5-2.3±1.0(leaves), 15.4±3.6-5.1±1.7(bulbs) for Cr and 4.3±1.2-2.5±0.3(leaves), 3.9±0.3-
2.8±0.3(bulbs) Pb are greater than the guideline for FAO/WHO. And mean concentrations of 8.8±3.25.5±2.1 (leaves), 8.3±2.4-5.1±1.2 (bulbs) for Ni are below 10mg/kg FAO/WHO guideline. The range mean concentration of 6.3±1.6-4.3±0.5mg/kg for Cd in soil samples is greater than the FAO/WHO guideline value of 3mg/kg. And the range mean concentration of Cr, Pb And Ni in the soil samples is below 10mg/kg FAO/WHO guideline values of 400, 100 and 75mg/kg. This confirmed that the soil and vegetables in the area were contaminated with the heavy metals. Thus, the results of this study revealed that the consumption of vegetables grown in the vicinity of sample areas pose a significant health risk to the inhabitants of the area
On Existence and Stability Analysis on Effects of Ivermectin Drugs: Modeling the Dynamics and Control of Onchocerciasis Disease in Nigeria
Get PDFThe study incorporates the effects of ivermectin drugs, which effectively kills the onchocerca volvulus microfilarae in the human hosts. The study examined the existences and Equilibrium states of the model systems, and also carried out the stability analysis of the models equilibrium states using Bellman and Cooke’s theorem. It was established that the state of total eradication of Onchocerciasis would be achieved and asymptotically stable in Nigeria if and only if, j = F (0) GI (0) > 0 whenever the ivermectin drugs and other control measures are maintained throughout the targeted period. 
General Geology and Geochemistry Studies of Basement Rock Types of Zagun Area, North Central Nigeria
Get PDFThe mapped area is part of the Basement Complex of Jos Plateau, Central Nigeria and is made up of rock types that include migmatite gneiss, porphyritic biotite granites, microgranite, basalt and dolerite. Field relations revealed the occurrence of structures such as foliations, joints, quartz veins, aplitic dykes, pegmatite dyke, basic dykes, enclaves, shear zones and mylonites, trending dominantly in a NE-SW, N-S, NNE-SSW and NW-SE, respectively. These suggested that the rocks were affected dominantly by the PanAfrican Orogeny (600±150). Microscopic studies revealed that the rocks contain varying percentages of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, pyroxene and augite as the major minerals. Geochemical studies showed that the rocks have limited variation in their major element compositions and give a decrease in CaO wt. %, and increasing Ba/Sr, Zr/Y ratios, K2O wt. % with increasing silica. The rocks are distinctly calc-alkaline as they plot in the sub-alkaline and cal-alkaline, syn-collision-postcollision fields on various discrimination diagrams. The above characteristics suggest that the Basement rocks of the study area were formed from the fractional crystallization of a calc-alkaline magma in a synpost collision tectonic terrain
Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Fish Samples from River Rima (Kwalkwalawa) in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis research work was conducted to assess the levels of heavy metals namely; Fe, Pb, Cu, Cd and Zn in three fish samples Lates niloticus (Giwanruwa), Hyperupisus bebe occidentalis (kuma) and Clarias geriepinus(kulme), of River Rima (Kwalkwalawa). The analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The results of the analysis suggested that there were high levels of the analyzed metals in Lates niloticus (Fe-0.4369, Pb-0.0102, Cd-0.0530), Hyperupisus bebe occidentalis (Fe-0.2003, Pb-0.0080, Cd-0.00356), and Clarias geriepinus (Fe-0.1888, Cd-0.1050) compared to the WHO/EU standards. However the concentrations of Cu and Zn in all the samples were found to be within the WHO/EU permissible limit. Therefore, the fishes obtained from this river have high concentration of Fe, Pb and Cd beyond the tolerable level, which indicated that as far as these metals are concerned, the fishes are unfit for human consumption. Consequently, close monitoring of metals pollution and the consumption of the fishes of River Rima (Kwalkwalawa) is recommended with a view to minimizing the risk of health of the population that depend on the river for their fish supply
Availability Determination of a Complex Repairable Series- Parallel System Using Markovian Birth-Death Process
Get PDFAvailability and profit of an industrial system are becoming an increasingly important issue. This paper dealt with the evaluation of availability of a redundant system. The system considered consists of four subsystems arranged in series-parallel. Performance evaluation model for the availability based on Markovian Birth-Death process using probabilistic approach was formulated. A transition diagram representing the operational behavior of the system has been constructed. Failure and repair rates of subsystems were kept constant. It was found that as the availability of a system increases, the related profit will also increase
Criteria for Realizing the Multi – Crystal Silicon Solar Cell (PV Cell) With Efficiency, Which Could be used in Electricity Generation in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper investigated the criteria for realizing the multi – crystal silicon solar cell (PV cell) with efficiency. The criteria’s that will enhance the production of silicon solar cell that will be a cheaper method of obtaining silicon that is sufficiently pure was discussed. The objectives of this paper is to carry out research on optimization of silicon solar cell design, quantum dots and ultra-efficient solar cells, extending the solar cell band gap into infrared, multiple excitons from one photon. The researcher find out that by far the most common material for solar cells (and all other semiconductor devices) is crystalline silicon. Crystalline silicon solar cells come in three primary categories (Single Crystal or Mono-Crystalline Wafers, Poly or Multi crystalline and Ribbon Silicon and others). Poly or Multi crystalline made from cast ingots – large crucibles of molten silicon carefully cooled and solidified. Poly or Multi crystalline cells are cheaper than single crystal cells, but also somewhat less efficient. Poly or Multi crystalline cells can easily be formed into square shapes that cover a greater fraction of a panel than monocrystalline cells, and this compensates for their lower efficiencies. Attention should be directed to the manufacture of semi-conductor devices like multi – crystal silicon solar cell (PV cell) devices with efficiency, as there lies the future of electronics which can be accessible and very cheap for the purpose of electricity generation and other related applications
The Use of Facial Identification in Bank Verification Number (BVN) System in Nigeria
Get PDFThis paper is aimed at itemising the limitations attached to the system of bank verification number (BVN) in the banking sector of Nigeria, and a perfect solution was designed to alleviate the short comings by introducing facial recognition in to the system.