International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Effect of The Sweet Orange Peel Extracts (Citrus Sinensis L.) On The Mortality Rate of Cowpea Weevils (CallosobruchusMaculatus. J.)
Get PDFThe Insecticidal property of Citrus sinensis peel extracts was evaluated to determine their efficacy and optimize their use in reducing cowpea losses due to attack by Callosobruchusmaculatus. Varying concentrations of acetone, ethanol and methanol were obtained and evaluated at 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%. The mortality was monitored at 3days interval. The toxicity of the treatment was dependent on concentration and period ofexposure. Acetonic extract of Citrus sinensis was the most effective of all extracts. It caused 100% Callosobruchusmaculatus mortality at 100% concentration within 3 days of exposure. All rates of plant extracts caused mortality of bruchid and were significantly different compared with the control(P<0.05). There is a need to adapt the use of plant extracts in preventing damages against store pests. It is less toxic, environmental friendly, renewable, cheap and degradable. Protecting stored cowpea using Citrus sinensis peel at small- holder level is a viable storing method
Estimating MSW Energy as Alternative Fuel Support for Sustainable Power Generation in Nigeria
Get PDFOne of the challenges facing power industries in Nigeria today is shortage of gas supply to power thermal and steam turbine in electricity generating stations which has resulted in low generating capacity relative to installed capacity by most of these companies. This paper attempt to estimate capacity of energy value that could be realized from domestic waste using geometrical model and 2006 population data in the country. With per capita waste generation and specific value of waste to energy conversion through waste to energy technologies, the findings revealed that, municipal solid waste (MSW) could be an alternative fuel to thermal stations and enhance sustainable electricity production if properly managed. For projected population of over 255millions by the year 2025, an estimated 60 534 742 tons of domestic waste, 9 240MW of energy, over U$2.9billion in the same period could be realized. This power value is estimated to be around 136%, 264-205%, 93% and 37% of present installed capacity; present electricity generation capacity; current potential demand and long term power demands of the country respectively. The significance of this study shows that huge amount of energy in the form of electricity, gas, and heat locked in organic part of MSW is been wasted on daily basis that could have being used in power generating industries. One of the recommendations is to engage professional waste management agencies by investing in waste to energy technologies
A Review On Electrode Materials in Microbial Fuel Cell Fabrication
Get PDFElectrical energy needs in Nigeria are expected to continue to rise due to the rise in population. The use of petroleum as a source of energy still dominates till date, although oil reserves in Nigeria are increasingly being depleted. There is therefore the need to develop alternative source of sustainable energy, such as, Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). Electrode materials are critical for microbial fuel cells (MFC) due to their influence in the construction as well as operational costs. In this study, we reviewed different kinds of electrodes used for the purpose of fabrication of MFC across the globe. The study shows that, most of electrode materials are carbon based perhaps due to their high conductivity, durability, eco-friendliness. While the likes Activated carbon and Biochar are selected for their surface area advantages, Graphenes, Carbon Nanotubes and Some Metals excel in the area of delivering high power densit
Survey of Floristic Diversity of Medicinal Plant (Trees) in Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State Nigeria
Get PDFThis research was carried out to survey the floristic diversity of medicinal trees in federal university Gusau, Zamfara state, Nigeria. A structured Questionnaire was organized in English language and common and local names of each plant were written on it. The questionnaire was divided into two section, namely section A and B. In section A, the socio-demographic information of the respondents was recorded, and information on medicinal trees was recorded, in section B. Thirty (30) questionnaire was administered on each medicinal tree plant. The target groups for this study (Ethno botanical data) were herbalists, farmers, civil servant, old folk, motorbike rider, students and other people of old age who have practiced and used medicinal plants. The identification of the plants was achieved by the aid of herbarium specimen and literature on Nigerian medicinal plant. Thirty (30) medicinal trees were identified which belong to the seventeen (17) families. The plants identified are used in the treatment of several diseases which include dysentery, stomach ache, tooth ache, ringworm, constipation and eczema. The most common parts used are leaves (37%), stem bark (19%), seed (2%), root (11%), fruit (2%), flower (2%) and whole plant (2%). About 90% of the medicinal trees in this research are prepared through decoction. Further research is recommended on floristic diversity of medicinal grass, shrubs, herbs, vines and lianas found at Federal University Gusau.
 
Investigation of Groundwater Potential Using Electrical Resistivity Method, in Iddo Community Grammar School, Iddo-Okpella, Edo State
Get PDFVertical electrical sounding (VES) resistivity technique was used to investigate the ground water potential at Iddo Community Grammar School, Iddo-Okpella, Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 36 VES points consisting of six profiles with six VES points per profile were covered. Data from the Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding were presented as geo- electric sections, iso-resistivity maps, regolith and depth to basement maps. The resistivity field data were interpreted using partial curve matching approach and iterative resistivity sounding interpretation software-WinResist Version 1.0. The results from the interpretations showed that three to four geoelectric sections were delineated: the top layer has a thickness ranging from 0.2 m to 2.1 m with resistivity range of 91.5 Ωm to 1195.5 Ωm, the thickness of the second layer ranges from 2.0 to 14.2 m with resistivity values ranging from 20.5 Ωm to 916.80 Ωm and the thickness of the third layer ranges from 2.7 m to 14.7 m with resistivity values between 8.0 Ωm and 4328.10 Ωm and resistivity of the basement has the maximum of 4328.10 Ωm. VES C6, D3, D6, E4, E5, F1, F2 and F5 in the study area have relatively high regolith thickness and high conductivity values. Considering the aquifer characteristics in terms of thickness-resistivity values, it is recommended that groundwater developments should be concentrated around VES C6 (10.6m), D3(9.0m), D6(15.0m), E4(12.8m), E5(16.7m), F1(10.8m), F2(11.1m) and F5(12.1m) of the study area
Phytochemical and Acute Toxicity Study of Moringa Oliefera Root
Get PDF Majority of Africans today depend either totally or partially on medicinal plants for the healing of their ailments which was used by their ancestors. This form of treatment, which is referred to as ethno medicine is sometimes the only kind of health care available to the rural populations. As part of the efforts to ascertain the healing capability credited to Moringa oleifera by the general public and some traditional practitioners, this work aimed at determining the phytochemical and acute toxicity of M. oleifera was embarked on. The study aimed at establishing a safety profile, evaluating phytochemical constituents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography and acute toxicity study was carried out using standard methods. Acute toxicity study was carried standard procedure in rats. Phytochemicals which include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides and triterpenes were detected in both hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts. Anthraquinones, carbohydrate, phenol, steroid and saponins were detected in the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract but absent in hexane extract of Moringa oleifera root. The quantitative phytochemical analysis showed that tannins (64.0 mg/g) was the highest phytochemical detected while the lowest was phenol (4.0 mg/g). Eight spots were detected with p-Anisaldehyde spray and the R f values were shown alongside the spots in methanol extract. LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg and did not cause mortality in all the tested rats. The results of this investigation may be useful for deriving doses that are safe for human consumption of Moringa oleifera
Investigation on Pesticide Residue Levels and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Zea-Mays and Oryza Sativa Grains in Biu Area
Get PDFThis work reports the result of the investigation of pesticide residues in maize and rice grains grown during the rainy season farming around Biu plateau area. The study aimed at assessing the amount of pesticides residue as well as determine the concentrations of some heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Mn present in the studied samples. The samples were treated under standard laboratory procedures and were analyzed for pesticide residues using GC-MS technique. The heavy metals presence was investigated using digital colorimeter (DR 3900, HACH). The study showed no presence of pesticide residues in the samples analyzed but revealed the presence of some heavy metals. Those of particular interest include Cd (0.079-0.087 mg/l),Pb (0.65-0,102mg/l) and Mn (0.699-0.770mg/l) as recorded for maize grains. While the results of the metals for rice grains reads as follows. Cd (0.106-0.111mg/l), Pb (0.060-0.065mg/l) and Mn (0.548-0.566mg/l). All the three heavy metals listed were found in maize and rice samples at levels slightly higher than the permissible limits stipulated by W.H.O./F.A.O. The element chromium was not detected among the samples studied. 
Comparative Studies of Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Castor Bean (Ricinus Cummunis L.) Plant
Get PDFThis study was carried out to compare the oil content and fatty acid composition of castor seed oil (Ricinus cummunis L.) collected from three different locations (Gusau, Maradun and Tsafe) in Zamfara state, Nigeria. The oil was extracted through Soxhlet extractor and its fatty acid composition was determined by Gas chromatography- Mass spectroscopy (GC – MS) analysis. Results of the investigations revealed that seeds from Tsafe had the highest quantity of oil (33.3%), followed by those from Maradun (30.4%), and lastly Gusau (28.7 %), as shown in (Table I.) However, the number fatty acids were highest in seeds obtained from Gusau (8), then Tsafe (7) and finally Maradun (5). Ricinoleic, Stearic and Palmitic acids were present in oil from all the study sites. 9, 21 octadecanoic, Beta – Sitosterol; 7- and Hexadecanoid acid; Cholesta-22- 24-dien-5,4,4. found only in Gusau sample. The variation in seed oil content and fatty acids composition in R. cummunis may be due to spatial differences or oil extraction procedure.
 
Uses of seismic refraction tomography in investigation of groundwater potential in Kaduna millennium city, Kaduna Nigeria
Get PDFSeismic refraction tomography is unique in the sense that shot are taken at every receiver position along the spread. In that way, it becomes possible to conduct both forward and reverse shooting simultaneously along the profile lines. Therefore, every point within the subsurface along the profile lines is probed by both forward and reversed shots. This leads to what one might call the scanning of the subsurface. The data were processed with ReflexW software and a conventional forwardand reversed travel time curve was plotted for each profile lines. Thereafter joint inversion of the travel time picks was carried out. This resulted in the generation of an iterative model, which was used to generate tomographic sections. The result of seismic refraction tomography showed lateral and vertical variation in velocity along most of the profile lines, thereby giving a true image of velocity distribution, both vertically and laterally within the subsurface. Refraction Tomography gave accurate depth and thickness of the overburden along the profile and to delineate aquifer potentialin the basement topography. The aquifer is estimated to be around 45m to 60m along the entire profile lin
Vertical Elemental Analysis of Soil Plume down the Depth Profile Case of College Road Dumpsite, Kaduna North-Nigeria
Get PDFEnvironmental samples were analyzed to determine the content and concentrations of various elements using instrumental neutron activation analysis technique. Concentrations of twenty-nine elements were determined in each of the six soil samples that were taken from the top layer down the soil profiles at a distance of 0, 25, 50, 100, 120 and 150cm respectively. The results generally revealed fluctuations in concentration of the elements from the top soil surface to the depth of 150cm. It is recommended that further research beyond the scope of this depth be investigated in other to elucidate the effect of soil texture on metal seepage