International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Determination of Heavy Metals and Physiochemical Parameters in Water Samples from Gold Mining Area of Yar’galma Village
Get PDFArtisanal mining activities in some rural areas of Zamfara State have resulted into many health issues associated with heavy metals pollution. This study was conducted to analysed the physicochemical properties and level of heavy metals in sample of polluted water by artisanal mining activities of Yar’galma Village of Bukkuyum L.G.A of Zamfara State. The sample were analysed for six 6 heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni Cd and Cr) using Atomic Absorption spectrometer. The heavy metals were detected in the water samples except for Cadmium in sample A and Lead and Cadmium in sample B. The results were compared with the permissible limit of World Health Organization (WHO) and they were all above the limit set by WHO. Finally, due to the high concentration of these heavy metals detected in the samples which may be related to local and illegal mining taking place close to the village, the water is not safe for drinkin
Assessment of the Functional and Nutritive Properties of Thermally Modified Maize Biopolymer
Get PDFCereal grains are important because of their abundance and readily available biopolymer made up of mainly digestible starch, proteins and other minor components like lipids and non-starch polysaccharides which is present only in small concentrations but affect the properties of the biopolymer considerably. In its native form cereal starch is neither suitable for direct human consumption nor industrial processes, and must therefore, be modified to develop specific properties such as digestibility, palatability, solubility and texture for food applications. In this research maize grain biopolymer were thermally modified and their functional and nutritive properties were determined. Significant reduction was observed in water absorption capacity (WAC), least gelling concentration (LGC), gelatinisation temperature (GT) and swelling capacity (SC), but the process led to significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) the bulk density (BD). Final moisture, ash and fat contents recorded significant reduction as a result of thermal modification, while protein and carbohydrate contents were significantly increased by 5.7% and 2.8%. Essential amino acids (EAA) recorded some increments as a result of the biopolymer modification ranging from 1.5% to 26.7% depending on the amino acid. Histidine, tryptophan and methionine showed highest increments with 26.7%, 17.5% and 13.6% respectively. Leucine, phenylalanine and isoleucine are next in percentage increase with 9.4%, 7.4% and 6.1% respectively. it is noted that nutritional index (Ni), total aromatic essential amino acid (TAEAA) and total sulphur-containing amino acids (TSAA) are statistically significant, while essential amino acids index (EAAI), essential amino acids ratio (TEAA⁄TAA) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) are not
Biochemical Analysis of zingiber officinale rosc (ginger rhizome) and Physicochemical Evaluation of its Oil
Get PDFBiochemical and physicochemical analysis of ginger rhizome and its oil were respectively carried out to ascertain its health benefits. The mineral composition of the oil was determined using XRF. The active constituent in the oil was determined using GC-MS spectrophotometer, SHIMADZU GCMS-QP 2010 plus model. The metabolites present in the rhizome are alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, and steroids. Characterization of the oil showed 194.58mg/g, 123.35mg/g, 286.58mg/g, and 56.67meq/kg of acid, iodine, saponification and peroxide values respectively. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis showed the presence of Phosphorous, Silicon, Sulphur, Chloride, Calcium, Tit
Riemann Integral as a Special Case of Riemann-Stieltjes Integral
No full textIn mathematics, integration (just the area of a region under the curve) is one of the most important areas and sciences in general. In this article, some of the basic properties of Riemann and Riemann-Stieltjes integrals were briefly reviewed. Definitions and relevant theorem were also investigated.Numerical techniques for the solution of both the Riemann integral and the Riemann-Stieltjes integral were cited. Moreover, a theorem which gives full explanation on how Riemann integral become a special case of Riemann-Stieltjes integral was boldly discussed. i.e Let A = ∫ f(x)dα(x)b a be a Riemann-Stieltjes integrable. So, if α(x) = x, (an identity function).Then A = ∫ f(x)dx b a is Riemann integrable.Therefore, this makes Riemann integral a special case of Riemann-Stieltjes integral and the integral may also differ
Effect of Intra-Row Spacing on the Damage Caused By Bollworm On Cotton In Zaria, Nigeria
Get PDFField trials were conducted at two locations in Samaru (110 11' N, 070 38' E and 686m above sea level) and Maigana (110 10' N, 070 37' E and 675m above sea level) both in Northern Guinea Savannah ecological zone of Nigeria during the 2018 wet season to determine the effects of three intra row spacing (40cm, 45cm and 50cm) on damage to cotton (SAMCOT 9) by bollworms. The experimental design was randomized complete block design. Data were recorded on the number of damaged shed squares, number of damaged shed cotton bolls and number of matured green bolls damaged by bollworms at two weeks interval beginning from 9WAS at the different phenological stages until about 90% of bolls were open, which was a period of about 16WAS before the commencement of the first picking. Significant reduction in the number of shed cotton squares, shed cotton bolls and matured green bolls damaged by bollworms were observed on the 50cm and 45cm intra row spacings than the 40cm intra row spacing
Gut Contents, Feeding Ecology and Condition Factor of Sarotherodon melanotheron inhabiting Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria
Get PDFThe gut contents, condition factor, food and feeding habit of Sarotherodon melanotheron in Lagos lagoon, Lagos State Nigeria were investigated. The specimens were collected by artisanal fishermen and were transported in icechest to the laboratory. The guts were carefully taken out to extract the stomach and preserved in 4% formalin for investigation of food items. Frequency of occurrence and numerical abundance methods were employed in this study. The calculated condition factor was 2.11. The result revealed that 3.75% of the sampled fish had empty stomach while 12.5%, 16.25%, 62.50% and 5.00% of the fish had 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% filled stomach respectively. The result showed that S. melanotheron fed mainly on Synedra, Coscinodiscus, Mougeotia, Oscillatoria, Gyrosigma and Spirulina. Other food items include Zygnema, Pinnularia, Closterium, Melosira, Copepods, Penium, Cosmarium, Crustacean Parts, Microspora, Fish Scale, Rhizosolenia, Tabellaria, Crustacean Appendages and Spirogyra. The analysis showed the presence of food items of both plant and animal origin indicating that S. melanotheron is omnivorous. This study also revealed that the species was ‘very fat’ since food was abundant in the lagoon. Thus, regular monitoring and management of the lagoon is recommended
Effect of Flavonoid Rich Fraction of Irvingia gabonensis Seed Extract on Tetrachloromethane (CCl4) – Induced Liver Damage in Mice
Get PDFHerbal medicine has been consistent in the traditional treatment of diseases since the time of early man. Traditional medications have been used all around the world in the treatment of different human and animal diseases. Different types of plant have been utilized as traditional drugs. These drugs are widely used in most parts of the world, especially in Africa and Asia. According to the World Health Organization, above 80% of people living in Asia, Africa and some parts of America still depend on traditional medicine in the treatment of diseases. In this study, we investigated the hepato-curative effect of the flavonoid rich fraction of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract on tetrachloromethane (CCl4) induced liver damage in mice for duration of two weeks and four weeks of extract administration. The study discovered a significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels from groups IV to VI, as well as a slight significant decrease after two weeks of extract administration. Groups VII to IX showed declined in the level of biomarkers after four weeks of extract administration. This remarkable normalization in the mice liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) in this study reveals a dose and time dependent curative medicinal potential of the flavonoid-rich fraction of Irvingia gabonensis seed extract in CCl4 induced liver damage
Potential Heavy Metals Pollution in Soil of Some Selected Goldsmith Workshops in Gusau, Zamfara State
Get PDFThe research investigated the concentration of some heavy metals in soil samples from selected goldsmith workshops in Gusau, Zamfara State using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Micro Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometer (MP AES). The results obtained for these metals (Fe, Hg, Cd, Pb and Au) from the sample location indicated that Fe was higher than all other metals. The results obtained in dry weight; Fe (117.3±7.70-157.78±9.55mg/kg), Pb (0.08±0.01-0.283±0.234mg/kg), Cd (0.013±0.003-0.002±0.01mg/kg), Hg (0.033±0.012-0.843±0.05mg/kg) and Au (0.023±0.07- 0.043±0.19mg/kg) were below the standard set up by EU and SEPA in soil with exception of Hg and possibly Au which may be attributed to anthropogenic impute from the sampled area. The result also reveals that there is no significant difference (p>0.05) between the samples in terms of heavy metal concentration except for Pb and Hg. However, possible adverse effect may occur among the inhabitants of this study area especially in the cases of Hg, and Au if they bio-accumulates beyond the tolerable concentrations in the body
A Mutative GA-Based Regression Test Case prioritization for Object-Oriented Programs
Get PDFSoftware testing is a set of activities in Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) carried out with the intent of finding faults before delivery to the users. The software testing activity consumes almost half of the development effort, time and costs especially for large software systems. There are a lot of techniques proposed to prioritize test cases based on certain coverage criteria with the aim to reduce time and costs of testing. This research basically focused on test-case ordering and faults coverage by applying mutative genetic algorithm approach (MutGA). In this research, we used a sample test suite to demonstrate the workability of the proposed approach. MutGA approach is expected to gives us better results and save time and cost in term of Average percentage of rate of Fault Detection (APFC) as illustrated with sample example when compared with retest-all and randomly ordered test cases techniques
Ivermectin Non-Compliance In Some Onchocerciasis Endemic Areas In Northern Nigeria
Get PDFAlthough ivermectin is still active in the reduction of microfilaria. A better understanding of drug compliance is essential to support elimination objectives. This study assesses the compliance of the Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration (MDA), six communities that received annual treatment for 10 to 16 years were selected. A total of 339 participants, were recruited according to ivermectin history by Convenience sampling method for population-based compliance surveys using questionnaires from males and females ≥ 5 years of age who have resided at the sample sites for ≥ 10 years or since birth. Skin snipping was performed on a total of 210 consenting participants to obtain microfilaria, positive samples and the corresponding identification numbers of the participants were recorded. The odds ratios for the association of different variables with ivermectin compliance were analyzed using Epi-Info™. The study showed a total compliance of 64.6 % (95% CI: 0.773 – 1.284) of participants in the last Ivermectin distribution. Out of 120/339 (35.4%) who did not take (swallow) the drug during the last distribution, there were reasons for not taking ivermectin during the last MDA. The microfilaria prevalence was 6.2%. The microfilaria prevalence among the participants was 6.2%, however, no significant association between the microfilaria prevalence among the MDA compliant and non-compliant participants was observed (OR =0.600; 95% CI: 0.054 – 13.479%). The majority of respondents (51.7%) indicated that the drug distributor did not come. A nationwide survey of people's responses to MDA is conducted to adopt alternative or complementary strategies for the distribution of ivermectin