International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Geology and Mineralogy of Batola and its Environs, Southwestern Nigeria
Get PDFThe Basement complex and Sedimentary Basin Makes up the Geology of southwest Nigeria. This research work is intended to comprehend the geology and mineralogy of Batola, Ago, Ladele, Koroyi and Aregbe which falls within the Ikomu sheet in Southwest Nigeria. A highly detailed topographical map and a GPS gadget were used for navigation during the Field Mapping process. Fresh samples that were representative of each outcrop were taken in all locations throughout the Field Mapping process. The slides were then examined under a microscope in an effort to confirm the provisional names for the rocks in the field. This allowed for the determination of the lithology of the rocks in the research region as well as the petrography of these outcrops in both plane and cross polarised light. The lithology in the study area was identified by the Field and Petrographic results as Granite (Porphyritic and Coarse Grained), Granite-gneiss and Pegmatite. Additionally, Pegmatitic intrusions and dykes were also seen. Further minerals found during the Petrographic analysis of the rock units included Mica, Biotite, Plagioclase Feldspar, Microcline, Quartz and a few tiny opaque minerals.The geology and mineralogy suggested that the study area is heterogeneous in nature, with lithologies varying from igneous to metamorphic rocks with structural imprints that can be characterized to the Pan-African orogeny. This study provided additional support of previous researches carried out on the Geology of Southwestern rocks
Nigeria's External Reserves: A Time Series Approach
Get PDFA nation's economy can withstand shocks and increase confidence by using its external (foreign) reserves. Therefore, external reserves are significant to the extent that they aid in maintaining economic stability in the nation. The study looked into Nigeria's external reserves using time series technique. It made use of monthly data on Nigeria's external reserves from January 1990 to August 2021, which were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin. The aim of the study was to investigate the external reserve pattern of Nigeria and fit a suitable time series model to the data. The Box-Jenkins methodology was utilized, encompassing four distinct stages: identification, estimation, diagnostics, and forecasting. The data was determined to be non-stationary at the initial level and displayed an upward trend. Upon initial analysis with diagnostic economic tools, it was discovered that the data consistently maintained a state of equilibrium, that is, at first difference. Additionally, model diagnostic checking showed that Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average, ARIMA (4, 1, 4) was the most suitable optimal model, and as such, it was used to forecast for the following four years. As a result, the projected figures showed that Nigeria's external reserves will keep rising gradually. Legislative actions that will facilitate improved external reserve management and accumulation are therefore recommended for the government to take
Emerging AI Applications in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare has shown significant potential in changing the world of medicine by improving diagnostic accuracy, personalizing treatment plans, and enhancing patient care. This comprehensive review explores the most prominent AI applications emerging within the healthcare sector, focusing on their contributions, challenges, and future prospects. Key applications, including machine learning (ML), natural language processing (NLP), and robotics, are examined in the context of clinical decision support, medical imaging, drug discovery, personalized medicine, and robotic surgery. The use of AI-driven tools such as predictive analytics, intelligent diagnostic systems, and virtual assistants is revolutionizing disease prevention, early detection, and patient monitoring. Additionally, the role of AI in operational efficiency, such as optimizing hospital workflows and automating administrative tasks, is discussed. Despite the promising advancements, the review also highlights the ethical concerns, data privacy issues, and the need for robust validation frameworks to ensure the safe and equitable implementation of AI technologies in healthcare. The paper concludes with a look into the future, proposing directions for further research to harness AI's full potential in transforming healthcare delivery and improving health outcomes globally
Assessment of Risk Perception, Level of Awareness and Adaptation Strategies to Climate Change Among Households in the Ancient City of Zaria, Kaduna State
Get PDFThis paper examined the risk perception, level of awareness and adaptation strategies to climate change among households in the ancient city of Zaria, Kaduna state. The study area has a total population of 261,952 based on 1991 population census which was projected to 707,264 in 2021 using Mehta 2004 method with a growth rate of 2.8%. A total of one hundred and fourty-one (141) copies of questionnaire which represents the sample size was purposively administered to both male and female respondents across six (6) wards in Zaria city representing 0.06% of the total population of the study area. This was determined using approximate sample method with 87% response rate (122 copies retrieved). The data collected were analysed and presented in simple tables, and percentages using Microsoft words tool 2016. Findings showed that rise in temperature with mean score of 2.85 was ranked first (1st) among indicators of climate change awareness in the study area. Result also showed that irrigation practice with weighted mean 2.64 was the most accepted adaptation strategy employed in the study area. The paper concludes that households have increased knowledge/awareness of climate change in recent years. Since they have been practicing different adaptation strategies. The paper recommended that bridging gender gaps in knowledge and understanding of climate change need to be encouraged in order to tackle challenges pose by climate change in the study area
Geology of Basement Complex rocks in Kabo area, Kano, Northwestern Nigeria: Insights into the Trends of Mineralization in the Region
Get PDFNigeria is situated in a mobile zone separating older cratons of West Africa and Gabon, and underlain by nearly equal proportions of sedimentary and crystalline rocks. The crystalline basement rocks comprises three lithological groups (the Basement Complex, the Younger Granites and the Tertiary-Recent Volcanics) that were affected by Pan African (~550 Ma) thermo-tectonic events. The Basement Complex (Precambrian) encompasses gneisses- and migmatite-complex with schist belts, granites and minor charnokites and syenites with complex history and geochronology. In Kano (Kabo NE, Sheet 80 of Nigerian Geological Survey Agency maps) NW Nigeria, outcrops of these late Precambrian – lower Paleozeoic crystalline rocks are being mined of economic minerals. However, only a few studies exist on the geology of Kabo region. Therefore, this study describes the geology (lithology, composition, associated structures and field relationship) of rocks that characterize Kabo region, Kano and discuss trends of associated mineralization using field mapping and thin section petrography. Our data also includes high-resolution photographs of evidential geology of the area, parts of which are now defaced due to intense mining activities. Results showed that Kabo area is underlain by three rock groups: a migmatite-gneiss complex, an infolded schist belt (Younger Metasediments) and the Older Granites (porphyritic biotite granites, porphyroblastic biotite-rich gneiss and fine-medium grained granites). The porphyroblastic biotite-rich gneisses of the Older Granite division trend mainly in NE-SW and cut through the migmatite-gneiss complex; they exhibit preferred mineral alignment, suggesting that they are probably granitization products of the migmatite-gneisses, later metamorphosed and deformed. The granitized bodies are enriched in tourmaline that occur both in the NE-SW porphyroblastic rocks and the schist belt. The study thus serves as guide for investment decisions on solid mineral exploration in the area, and as a handbook for students of geology and tourists who now find Kano as a relatively safe geoheritage site
Mathematical Assessment on the Impact of Insecticide Treated Net on the Dynamics of Malaria Transmission Using Non Linear Mathematical Model
Get PDFMalaria remains a major threat in many part of the tropical and subtropical region of the world, even though significant effort have been implemented with the used of Insecticide-treated net, the disease remains chronic. In this work, we used nonlinear mathematical model to study the transmission dynamics of malaria disease. An insecticide- treated net control strategy was incorporated, using system of ordinary differential equations, A basic reproduction number was determine from the disease free equilibrium (DFE) and it was found that, the model is locally asymptotically stable when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Numerical simulation was carried out and findings were displayed graphically. It was found that insecticide -treated net has a significant impact on malaria transmission
Petrographic Analysis of Lepidolite-Pegmatites in Lema, Kwara State, North-central Nigeria: Implications for Lithium Mineralisation
Get PDFThis study investigates the mineralogical composition and potential for lithium mineralisation in lepidolite-pegmatite samples from the Lema Pegmatite Field in north-central Nigeria. Petrographic analysis was conducted on three representative samples (L1, L2, and L3) using thin-section microscopy under plane polarized light (PPL) and crossed polarized light (XPL). The results reveal that muscovite is the predominant mineral, constituting 45%, 50% and 55% of L1, L2 and L3 respectively, while Quartz is notably abundant, making up 20% in L1, 25% in L2 and 20% in L3. Plagioclase and Biotite are also present in significant amounts, indicating a complex mineral assemblage where muscovite could be co-existing with lepidolite of enhanced lithium content. The findings suggest that, while lepidolite is a significant lithium-bearing mineral, it may not be the dominant component in these samples, with Muscovite emerging as a major constituent. This diverse mineralogy highlights the geological complexity of the pegmatites and underscores the need for further exploration and characterisation to assess the economic potential of these rocks in supporting the ongoing energy transition. Future research should focus on quantitative assessments of lepidolite and its lithium content, alongside geochemical methods, to evaluate the viability of these deposits in the context of global lithium demand
Synthesis and Evaluation of Optical and Morphological Studies of Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2CoSnS4 and Cu2NiSnS4 Thin Films using Chemical Bath Deposition Method for Device Applications
Get PDFSustainable energy generation and conversion using kestrite solar cells are at the forefront of photovoltaic research interests. kesterites of Cu2ZnSnS4, Cu2NiSnS4 and Cu2CoSnS4, thin films were prepared on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition. The result showed that the absorbance of the thin films varied from 0.3 to 0.7 spanning the entire UV-VIS-NIR regions. The films showed high absorbance at a wavelength of 200nm and decreased exponentially to 400nm and gradually increased with increase in wavelength. The transmittance varied from 0-2% for Cu2CoSnS4, 0-2.3% for Cu2NiSnS4 and 0-2.2% for Cu2ZnSnS4. The bandgaps of the films; 1.20 eV- 1.30 eV for Co2+, 1.25 eV – 1.30 eV for Ni and 1.25eV-1.35eV for Zn2+ respectively. It was noticed that Zn2+showed slight increase in the bandgap energies when compared to Co and Ni ion concentrations. Nevertheless, the ranges in the values of the energy gaps clearly showed that these thin films are very good materials for photovoltaic applications.Scanning electron micrographs result showed crystalline morphology for all the samples. The surface morphological study of Cu2CoSnS4, Cu2NiSnS4 and Cu2ZnSnS4 at (0.1M , 0.3M and 0.5M doping concentrations), showed that the grain size of all the samples are large and more oriented when doped with 0.5M and 0.3M concentration compared to that doped with 0.1M
Enhancing Biogas Quality and Energy Content through Calcium Hydroxide Treatment: A Study on the Effectiveness of 20% Ca(OH)2 Solution in Improving Methane Content and Reducing Impurities
Get PDFThis study investigates the effectiveness of treating biogas with 20% calcium hydroxide solution to improve its quality and energy content. The treatment process significantly increased methane content from 64.0% to 98.1% and reduced impurities like CO2, H2S, CO, and water vapor. Treated biogas demonstrated a 35% faster heating time compared to raw biogas and outperformed kerosene, showcasing its potential as a more efficient and cleaner-burning fuel source. The results highlight the benefits of biogas treatment, making it a viable alternative energy source for cooking, heating, and other applications. This research contributes to the development of sustainable energy solutions, emphasizing the importance of biogas treatment for improved energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact
Modeling the Dynamics of Monkey pox Virus in the Presence of Carcass and Environmental Transmission
Get PDFMonkey pox (MPX) is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkey pox virus (MPXV), an Orthopoxvirus within the Poxviridae family. In this study, a mathematical model for the dynamics of the monkey pox virus incorporating carcass and environmental transmission within a shared habitat of humans and rodents was presented. The human population is stratified into seven compartments, while the rodent population is divided into four compartments, alongside a compartment representing environmental contamination. Analytical investigations establish the positivity and boundedness of the model solutions and demonstrate the existence of a biologically feasible invariant region. The model admits both disease-free and endemic equilibria, and the basic reproduction number is derived using the Next Generation Matrix approach. Local and global stability analyses reveal that the disease-free equilibrium is both locally and globally asymptotically stable when . Sensitivity analysis identifies critical parameters influencing disease persistence. Parameters with positive sensitivity indices contribute to increasing , while those with negative indices contribute to disease control. Numerical simulations support the analytical findings and demonstrate the effects of varying key parameters on the trajectory of human, animal, and environmental compartments. Results show that increasing human vaccination, adequate quarantine of the infected human, promoting behavioral change, and enhancing environmental sanitation significantly reduce the spread of monkey pox in the society. The dynamics of infected and recovered populations under varying rates of transmission, progression, and environmental decay are examined, providing insight into effective intervention strategies. Based on these findings, we recommend control strategies including public awareness campaigns, education on transmission routes, and preventive measures to curb local outbreaks of the monkey pox virus.Bottom of Form