International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Isolation and Screening of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Petroleum Contaminated Soil
Get PDFBiosurfactants are a diverse and heterogeneous group of microbial metabolites synthesized by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi. Biosurfactant release the surface tension between the two substances. This study was aimed at production of biosurfactant by Bacillus subtilis and Soil from petroleum contaminated site was used to isolate Bacillus subtilis which was identified morphologically by Gram’s staining, biochemically by catalase, indole, and methyl red voges proskaeur test and molecularly using 16s rRNA. The bacteria was screened for the potential to produce biosurfactant using hemolysis test, drop collapse test, oil displacement test and emulsification index. The screened bacteria can be produced biosurfact using petrol as carbon source
Unsteady Convective Couette Flow with Heat Source
Get PDFThe effect of heat source on unsteady hydromagnetic convective Couette flow of a viscous, electrically conducting and incompressible fluid is investigated. The governing equations that explain the flow formation are modeled as Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) and solved numerically by Finite Element Method (FEM). The influence of physical parameters on the fluid velocity, temperature and concentration were presented graphically and discussed. It is seen that, the momentum and temperature boundary layers are significantly influenced as the value of heat source parameter is increased while an opposite trend is observed on the velocity as Hatman number is increased
Determination of Geothermal Potential of Lower Sokoto Basin, NorthWestern Nigeria Using High Resolution Aeromagnetic Data
Get PDFThis research deals with determination of geothermal potential of lower Sokoto Basin, north-western Nigeria using four (4) high resolution aeromagnetic data covering the study area (area bounded by latitude 11.00N to 12.00 N and longitude 4.500E to 5.500E). Depth estimates were made from the spectral analysis of the magnetic anomalies. The polynomial fitting was utilized to suppress the short wavelength components (regional magnetic anomaly of the total magnetic field) in the Sokoto Basin. The residual of the total magnetic field map was then subjected to spectral depth analysis by dividing it into twenty eight (28) overlapping spectral blocks. The log of spectral energies of each blocks were plotted against frequency. The centroid depth (Zo) and depth to top of magnetic boundary (Zt) obtained from the plots were used to estimate the Curie point depth isotherm, which was then used to compute geothermal heat flow of the study area. An estimated depth of 4.69 km to 11.9 was observed for centriod depth(Z0) while the sedimentary thickness (depth to basement, Zt) ranges from 1.29 km to 2.94 km. The result shows that the Curie point depth Zb ranges between 7.88km and 22.11km with the highest value found at the North-Eastern while lower values are located at the western part with lowest at the central part of the west. For the geothermal heat flow, it varies between 65.84mW/m2 and 184.74 mW/m2, The geothermal heat flow obtained from this study indicates that the study area possess a good source of geothermal potential. Thus, harnessing the geothermal potential in this area would be of added values and advantage to power generation in Nigeria
Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Inhibition Property of Mitrocarpus hirtus Leaf Extracts Against Tinea capitis (Scalp Ringworm)
Get PDFTinea capitis or scalp ringworm is a fungal skin disorder commonly found in children below 12-year-old. The management of ringworm by mean of synthetic drugs continue to face setback as result of antibiotic resistance being exhibited by the disease-causing fungi. Mitracarpus hirtus (L) is a weed plant found on gardens, farms and fields with wide geographical distributions. Pharmacological studies of the plant show its potent antifungal potentials as it is used traditionally for the treatment of skin diseases. The aim of this preliminary study is to examine the antioxidant activities and inhibitory properties of various solvent extracts of M. hirtus leaves against Tinea capitis by standard procedures. The in vitro antioxidant activities show that all extracts possess moderate radical scavenging properties with IC50 values of 159.12±0.48µg/mL, 832.48±64.53µg/mL, 547.68±12.3553µg/mL and 168.41±5.0 µg/mL for Aqueous Residue, n-hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate extracts respectively. Considerable inhibitory effect on the growth of Tinea capitis was observed from the zone of inhibitions of the extracts with ethylacetate fraction exhibiting highest inhibition as the concentration increases. This study shows the potential of M. hirtus to inhibit the growth of tinea capitis. An extensive research is recommended in order to isolate the compounds responsible for the observed activities of the plant
Fuzzy Expert System Model for Prediction of Electric Load Demand-Supply Balance: A Review
Get PDFElectricity load prediction is fundamentally needed in the electricity business as unit commitment decision is paramount in order to reduce wastages and maximize profit. The purpose of this study is to integrate Supply Required Factors (SRF) as identified by this study to the existing parameters used (such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, sun intensity, previous load history, time of the day, weekdays, weekends and holidays) in predicting electricity demand using a fuzzy logic approach. The SRFs are standard of living of the area under consideration and historical bill payment of the area. Rainstorm is also integrated in addition to SRF as most developing countries still use overhead power lines which is greatly affected by rainstorm. The integration of the SRF parameters will aid in predicting electricity load that is affordable to the consumers thereby balancing the supply with demand
Impact of Manipulation of Symbols by Upper Basic Education Students in Performance and Retention of Algebraic Processes
Get PDFThe study focused on the use of instructional materials for effective teaching and learning of mathematics at upper Basic Education Level. The use of shapes was employed to introduce the teaching of algebra to upper Basic Education Junior Secondary School One (JSSI) students. Quasi-experimental (Pre-test Post-test Non-equivalent control group design) was used for the study. The instrument use for the study was Algebraic Performance and Retention Test (APRT). The Performance Test was used as Pre-test, Pre-test and Retention-test. Researchers self-constructed two-dimensional shapes were used as manipulative skills for the teaching and learning of algebra. Two intact classrooms of JSSI were randomly selected out of the private schools in Gusau metropolis. Mode of instruction was randomly assigned to the classes using simple random technique of balloting. A sample size of 180 students were involved in the study comprising of 90 for experimental and 90 for control groups. The teaching and scoring were made by the researchers while the items, lesson plan and marking guide were all validated by the experts in mathematics education from the Federal University, Gusau. The findings of the study show that students taught algebra using manipulating skill performed better than those taught using conventional method. Also, students in the manipulative group retained the algebra contents more than those in the conventional group. More so, there was no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female student’s algebra for both teaching methods. Similarly, there was no significant difference in the mean retention scores of male and female students in algebra for both teaching methods
Evaluation of the Phytochemical, Proximate and Mineral Contents of Phyllanthus niruri (L). Found in Sokoto State
Get PDFThis study is aimed at evaluating the phytochemicals, proximate and mineral content of the stems and roots of Phyllanthus niruri plant. The plant was collected from Bado area in Wamakko Local Government area of Sokoto State. The extracts obtained from extraction were screened for phytochemicals. The proximate analysis of the stem and root of P. niruri yielded low moisture content (3.0-3.5%) and high ash, protein and carbohydrates. The plant was shown to contain important minerals like potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus. The order of extraction was methanol > ethyl acetate > n-hexane. The extracts revealed the presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones respectively. The presence of these constituents accounts for the local medicinal uses. It was concluded that the extract of Phyllanthus niruri consists of constituents of pharmaceutical importance. It was concluded that the extract of Phyllanthus niruri consists of important constituents of pharmaceutical importance and could also be used as a dietary supplement
Single-Step Sixth Stage Implicit Runge-Kutta Method for First-Order Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations
Get PDFWe present a single-step block hybrid method obtained through multistep collocation (MC) approach, by incorporating three off-grid interpolation and two off-grid collocation points in a continuous linear hybrid method as opposed to a similar work where two-step methods were obtained. The discrete hybrid methods are used in the formulation a block method which is then reformulated into a new single-step sixth-stage implicit Runge-Kutta method (SIRK) for the numerical treatment of first-order ordinary differential equations. The basic convergence and A-stability properties of the new method are established. Numerical experiments performed using the new method further revealed a reduction in the absolute errors, showing that this method is a better candidate for similar existing ones in the literature, as such it should be used for such class of problems
Design and Implementation of Buck Converter for Electric Vehicle’s Appliances
Get PDFBuck converter is a unidirectional DC-DC power converter that primarily steps down potential difference (PD) of the power bank of batteries or supercapacitors. Electric vehicles usually operate on higher voltage ranging from 45 to 72 volts. However, the electrical accessories of automobiles such as horns, trafficators, radio/players and brake or parking lights were designed to operate on 12 V DC voltage. This necessitates the use of buck converter for stepping down the voltage values to 12 volts. Nonetheless, replacing the converter when the need arises is indeed financially challenging, thus, in such a situation, the vehicles are mostly operated during the day time. Herein, we designed a buck converter using Proteus software and then constructed it with the aim of stepping down the voltage values to 12 volts at a reduced price. The design materials and the construction components used are readily available in most of the electronics shops. An outstanding performance was achieved and results indicated that the designed converter is suitable for use in electric vehicles
Catalytic Upgrading of n-Hexane and n-Octane for Light Hydrocarbons Production
Get PDFoai:ojs2.www.fugus-ijsgs.com.ng:article/1Light hydrocarbon compounds are of great importance for direct usage as gaseous fuels or the production of petrochemicals. Therefore, their synthesis via catalytic upgrading of heavier hydrocarbons in the gasoline or diesel feedstock would be economically relevant. The current research developed a Mo2C/ZrO2 catalyst modified with Rh species for n-hexane and n-octane hydroconversion to light hydrocarbons (i.e. C1 to C4) at 450oC and 1 atm in a fixed-bed continuous flow reactor system. Both reactants produced similar conversions in the range of 18 to 20%, with more than 88% selectivity to the desired hydrocarbons. Mechanistically, the reaction was assumed to proceed via facile hydrogenolysis, involving the central and end C-C bonds. Overall, the catalyst could be considered industrial suitable but new parameters for improving catalytic conversion must be designed