International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Amelioration of Corruption Dynamics in Nigeria: Mathematical Models and Control Strategies
Get PDFThe most pressing problems in Nigeria have to do with corruption, which can be defined as giving or receiving of bribe. It has been asserted that almost everybody above 12 years of age have been infected with corruption one way or the other. The impact of corruption on national development cannot be overemphasized. Different scholars from social sciences, psychology, political sciences, and religious studies have attempted a working definition for corruption from their various disciplines. However, all of the working definitions are interwoven. Despite various research works and the availability of both preventive and capital punishment on those involved in corruption related offences, corruption still remains uncurable social disease in the world. According to Transparency International Index 2020 survey, Nigeria is the 31st most corrupt nation out of the 180 countries considered. In our research, we developed and analysed a mathematical model for the Dynamics of corruption to highlight the relationship between corruption and social stratification using ordinary differential equations, we complimented the existing mathematical models of corruption by incorporating the impacts of social stratification and vice versa. We obtain the corruption-free and endemic equilibrium points of the model, we also compute the effective basic reproduction number, of the model, we employed the mathematical tools to analyse the corruption-free and endemic equilibrium states of the model for stabilit
Microcontroller-Based Vehicle Tracking System Using GPS and GSM Module: A Mini Review
Get PDFThe level of poor economic situations in Nigeria has made people conscious of their vehicles, aged parents, younger ones and valuable belongings. Lots of car owners both personal and commercial are in fear of consistent increase in security challenges, excessive reports of vehicle stealing, kidnapping for ransom on the high ways on daily basis, as a result, are in constant search for efficient system to monitor their vehicle at any point in time. There are many systems that have been developed to reduce these problems by introduction of an effectual vehicle tracking system which is developed for tracking the movement and location of any device embedded vehicle at will, with the aid of microcontroller which employs IoT (Internet of Things) technologies to communicate with either Smartphone or personal computer. This paper reviews some existing works and explores in details to compare some of these systems, the technologies utilized, successes achieved, and gaps deserving further improvement in such systems
Utilizing Plant-Derived Salicylic Acid to Inhibit Leafminer Moth (Noorda blitealis Walker) Infestation on Moringa Oleifera
Get PDFThe experimental trial was conducted at Sakab Farm Limited Satame, Makoda Local Government. Kano State (12°18’20’’N, 8°36’30’’E / 12°16’0’’N, 8°27’50’’E), from October, 2021 to November, 2022. The experiments were established in various field cages in a split plot design with various levels of Salicylic acid (SA) treatments representing the main plots and the spray regimes: 1 weeks after spray (1-WAS), 2 weeks after spray (2-WAS) and 3 weeks after spray (3-WAS), as subplots. Different Concentrations of SA (5mg/l, 10mg/l and 20mg/l) were extracted from plant sources and formed by serial dilution. Ten freshly emerged larvae of Noorda blitealis collected from infested fields were introduced into each of the treatment group containing the treated stands of drumstick. The set up was undisturbed but observed at regular intervals. The results shows that, mean percentage leaves damage varied significantly (P<0.001) among different concentrations of SA and the spray regimes. Larval development time was significantly (P<0.05) prolonged in the higher concentration (20mg/l. SA) and median spray regime (2-WAS). The mean percentage leaves damage and progeny emergence of the moths were considerably low at the same treatment combinations. Moringa plants treated with higher concentrations of SA were also less infested and apparently more tolerant than the other treatments owing to their lower index of susceptibilities. This facility should be incorporated into the integrated control for effective management of Insect pest
Nanoporous carbon from waste egg shells modified with copper-nanoparticles – An Efficient material for removal of microbial contaminants from polluted water
Get PDFThe paper examines the efficiency of nanoporous carbon modified with copper nanoparticles (nC@CuNPs) for the removal of microbial contaminants from polluted waters. The modified material was prepared by wet impregnation of the unmodified carbon material in a solution of as-prepared Cu-nanoparticles. The materials were characterized by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. The materials were then investigated for their ability to remove copper and lead using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), methylene blue using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy and microbial contaminants from simulated polluted water. The results showed that in addition to retaining its heavy metals (Cu and Pb), and methylene blue removal capacity, the modified material, nC@CuNPs was efficient in removing microbial contaminants (E. coli and Salmonella) from the polluted water. The study provides an avenue for the provision of easy access to a range of such water purification materials to the increasing world population and contributes towards meeting the United Nationals Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs)
Assessment into the Effectiveness of Remediation Exercise of Heavy Metals Contaminated Villages of Abare and Dareta in Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis work evaluated the heavy metals concentration in Abare and Dareta Villages of Anka Local Government of Zamfara State after remediation exercise. The mean concentration of these metals in rainy season is Cu ˃ Pb ˃Mn ˃ Cd ˃ Cr in both Abare and Dareta. While for dry season is Pb ˃ Cd ˃Cu ˃ Mn ˃ Cr in Abare and Pb ˃ Cu ˃Cd ˃ Mn ˃ Cr in Dareta. Seven samples out of ten samples collected from Abare during the dry season have lead concentration exceeding some European countries permissible value of 100mg/kg while only two samples shows Lead concentration exceeding that permissible value in rainy season. All the samples collected in both rainy and dry seasons have lead concentration below the United Kingdom (UK) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guide limits. Six samples out of ten samples collected during the dry season from Dareta have Lead concentration exceeding the permissible value of 100mg/kg for some European countries while four samples shows lead concentration exceeding that permissible value in dry season. All the samples collected in both rainy and dry seasons have lead concentration below the United Kingdom (UK) and United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guide limits. The concentration of chromium in both dry and rainy season is below the permissible values given by United Kingdom and some European countries. The overall result indicate that there is decrease in the concentration of most of the heavy metals analyzed from dry to rainy seasons in each of the remediated villages, which is largely attributed leaching processes and as well as reduction in the amount dust carried by the wind during rainy season, as such the concentration is expected to rise when the rain stop, due to the continuation of unsafe mining practice in the area.  
A Review on Desulfurization of Kerosene using Ionic Liquids as Catalysts
Get PDFKerosene, a very common household cooking fuel in Nigeria also has a number of secondary industry applications. It is a popular industrial and domestic energy source, due to its significant energy output. The major industrial applications of kerosene are in production of insecticides, pesticides and aviation fuels. However, issues associated with sulfur content limits its energy density and other industrial applications. Desulfurization of Kerosene is mainly targeting the reduction of sulfur related compounds. Effective, sufficient and develop sulfur removal technologies have been established. Acids and bases constitute the greater part of the catalysis in desulfurization, while, activated carbon is used in traditional desulfurization process, although, these technologies are not necessarily environmentally friendly. The use of Ionic Liquids (ILs) as green chemicals in sulfur removal has not been properly documented. Recently, the use of ILs in desulfurization is attracting the attention of research community. ILs are employed as catalysts and co-solvents due to their excellent acidity derived from inter-molecular bonding interactions. Therefore, ILs exhibit the tendency toward eliminating reactor corrosion; a major reaction engineering problem that has been posing serious challenges in desulfurization technologies. This research work, is aimed at reviewing desulfurization techniques and the use of ILs as green and environmentally friendly catalysts in desulfurization. Literature pool is provided with analyses of the potentials of ILs as emerging catalysts and their challenges discussed as well
Revisiting the Factors Responsible for Mineral Nutrient Production in Zamfara State
Get PDFThe Earth’s critical zone (CZ) has been constantly evolving and changing over geological timescales, historically driven by tectonic and climatic forcings. Recently CZ changes have also been driven by anthropogenic factors occasioned by increases in population, which has increased demand for resources and expansion of agriculture, leading to unsustainable land use practices. As a result, about one-third of global arable lands have been eroded and degraded and they are continually being lost at a rate of about 0.5% a year. Soils are especially vulnerable to loss and degradation in different environments where lithology, climate and landscape may contribute to leaching out of mineral nutrient elements in the soils. In this paper we explored the factors that control mineral nutrient production in Zamfara state with a view to developing this area of research in the state
Review on the Emergence of Quinolone Resistance Against Salmonella Typhi in Nigeria
Get PDFTyphoid fever is a febrile illness caused by Salmonella species (Enterica serovars typhi). Typhoid fever is primarily transmitted through contaminated water or food. Quinolones are one of the most commonly prescribed antibacterial classes used for the treatment of different bacterial infections in humans including typhoid fever. Due to the widespread use of these drugs, the number of quinolone-resistant bacterial strains are increasing all the time. Salmonella resistance mechanisms to the quinolone antibiotic class have become increasingly complex, attracting global attention. Studies on Salmonella resistance to the quinolone class of antibiotics are not well reported in Nigeria. This information is scanty or completely not covered the Northern parts of Nigeria in the available literature. As a result, this review discusses previous and current research on Salmonella resistance to a class of quinolone antimicrobial drugs in Nigeria
Metal-Based Oxides/Hydroxides and Conducting Polymers as Materials for Ultracapacitors – A Simple Communication
Get PDFUltracapacitors has now become an integral part of the contemporary energy storage systems. Their uniqueness in optimal power delivery, charge storage capabilities and long cyclic stability (˃105) are what make them attractive to the energy storage industries. Basically, Ultracapacitor consists of two separated electrodes impregnated with an electrolyte. Its performance is largely a function of the chosen electrode-electrolyte materials. The choice of the materials depends on the prevailing conditions at hand and is always at a tradeoff between certain merits and de-merits. In this communication, we reviewed two contemporary materials namely; Transition Metal Oxides and Conducting Polymers with emphasis on the challenges associated with each. This will create an avenue in determining the direction and future perspective of Ultracpacitors materials
Fatty Acids and Amino Acids Profile of Some Varieties of Lagenaria siceraria Seed
Get PDFOil was extracted from the dehulled seeds of three Lagenaria siceraria varieties, derivatised and analysed for their fatty acids (FAs) composition using Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). The defatted cake was analysed for amino acid composition using Technicon Multisample Amino Acid Analyser. The oil content of the seeds ranged between 46.5 and 48%. The major FAs in the oil were oleic (9.4 - 18.5%), stearic (7.7 – 8.9%), palmitic (13.6 – 15.3%) and linoleic acids (57.9 – 69.4%). The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SAFAs), unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) to SAFAs are 2:1 and 3:1, respectively, hence a good source of essential fatty acids (EFAs). Amino acid profile of the cake showed nine essential amino acids and eight non-essential amino acids with lysine being the limiting amino acids