International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Beneath the Surface: Uncovering Heavy Metal Contamination in Public Drinking Well Water and the Public Health Implications in Kaduna South LGA, Nigeria
Get PDFUnsafe drinking water has emerged as a critical global public and environmental health concern, particularly in underdeveloped nations. Evidence indicates that unsafe water sources are responsible for approximately 1.2 million deaths annually, most of which are the result of heavy metal (HM) contamination, which poses a severe threat to public health. This study explored selected HM contamination and the likely non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to the consumers of public drinking well water sources in Kaduna South LGA, Nigeria. Atomic absorption Spectroscopy was adopted for HM analysis, and potential health risks were evaluated using the established Human Health Risk Exposure Assessment Indices. The findings indicated an unsafe quantity of HMs, with the mean concentration above the recommended limit prescribed by the Standard Organization of Nigeria (2007) and the World Health Organization (2011) for most HMs in the order; Zn (33.523) > Mn (2.805) > Pb (0.793) > Cr (0.05), as well as a substantial non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risk for adults and children with the Hazard Index and Cancer Risk values above the recommended standards. The findings will prove useful to public health authorities in developing evidence-based monitoring and active interventions tot facilitate the delivery of safe drinking water to the local population
Optimization of Bioethanol Production from Sugar Bagasse by Aspergillus flavus Using Box Behnken Design
Get PDF"Bioethanol, a renewable fuel derived from biomass feedstocks like agricultural residues and forestry waste, holds immense promise for sustainable energy production. Notably, sugar bagasse—a residual lignocellulosic material after sugarcane juice extraction—offers a valuable substrate due to its high sugar content. To harness its potential for bioethanol generation, optimizing parameters, such as temperature, pH, and fermentation duration. This study is geared towards the strategic enhancement of bioethanol synthesis from sugar bagasse, employing the Box Behnken experimental design using Aspergillus flavus as the biocatalyst. Employing rigorous statistical modeling and analysis, the investigation dissects the intricate interplay of temperature, pH, and fermentation duration on the bioethanol production kinetics. The outcomes underscore the optimal operational nexus that attains peak bioethanol yield: a thermal setpoint of 32.6°C, a pH milieu of 5.3, and a fermentation interval spanning 57.9 hours. The discerned synergy of these conditions culminates in an impressive bioethanol yield of 41.6 mg/L, manifesting a remarkable 56.9% escalation relative to the baseline conditions. This inquiry not only imparts nuanced insights into the precision-tuning of bioethanol synthesis from sugar bagasse through Aspergillus flavus but also furnishes a pivotal trajectory for the advancement of sustainable, environmentally conscious biofuel production.
Characterization of Pegmatites in Ogodo-Odobola Area of Idah Sheet 267NW, Central Nigeria
Get PDFThe pegmatites of Ogodo-Odobola area around Ajaokuta, Central Nigeria belong to the pegmatite belt of Central Nigeria. A detailed geological mapping of the pegmatites and host rocks was conducted with the aim of understanding their mode of occurrence and field relationship and to assess their mineralization potentials. Twelve (12) representative samples of rocks were selected for petrographic analysis. The results show that the area is underlain by migmatite-gneiss, schist, with intrusions of granite and pegmatite. The pegmatites occur in tabular form with varying widths (2 centimetres – 6 metres) and lengths (12 – 200 metres). Principal joint direction is NNE-SSW which is believed to have influenced the pegmatite emplacement. Petrography of the representative rock samples revealed an average mineralogical composition of biotite (23.90%), microcline (22.15%), hornblende (15.05%), quartz (10.65%), plagioclase (10.35%), muscovite (8.00%), myrmekite (0.20%), and opaque and accessory minerals (9.70%). The pegmatites were found to be dominated by microcline and plagioclase feldspars, and then muscovite, biotite, and accessory and opaque minerals. The pegmatite of the Ogodo-Odobola area is worth probing as the results have shown prospect for possible economic minerals
Geoelectrical Investigation of Groundwater Potential at Proposed Staff Quarters of FCE Technical, Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFGeoelectric investigation was carried out at proposed staff quarters of FCE, Technical Gusau, located along Gusau – Zaria highway, Zamfara State, Nigeria with the aim of delineating the groundwater potentials. The study area lies in the Basement Complex region of Northern Nigeria and it is situated on Latitude 12o819.64”N to 12o08’24.65’’N and longitude 06o43’28.65’’E to 06o43’37.25’’E with an area coverage of 500 m by 500 m. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) technique was employed using Schlumberger array pattern. A total of thirty-six (36) VES points were sounded on Six (6) grided profiles(A-F) separated by 100 m apart with inter VES spacing of 100 m, The VES results depict two distinct curve types namely; H-type and A-type. The results also reveal three distinct geoelectric layers: the top layer, weathered/fractured layer and fresh basement. The top layer has resistivity, depth and thickness range of 10.4 – 158.8 Ωm, 0.4 – 3.6 m and 0.4 – 3.6 m respectively. The second layer has ranges of: resistivity, 6.3 – 525.3 Ωm; depth, 1.4 – 20.8 m, and thickness, 1.0 – 20.4 m. The third layer has resistivity values range of 278.6 – 2726.5 Ωm, its depth and thickness are not defined (to infinity). Seven VES stations (A3, A4, B4, C3, E2, F2 and F5) were delineated for groundwater potential having weathered/fractured resistivity varying between 37.4 and 121.1 Ωm. Depths range were found from 7.9 – 20.8 m and thickness varying between 6.6 and 20.4 m. The results of the study implies that the area has a good groundwater potentials
Utilisation of 5-Methylcoumarin-4β Glucoside Isolated From vernonia Glaberrima Leaves for The Production Of 4-Hydroxy-5-Methylcoumarin Via Alkali Hydrolysis
Get PDFVarious literature reports had highlighted the significance of coumarinas a potential source for manufacturing of drugs. Vernonia glaberrima is one of the major plants that posses 5-methylcoumarin -4β glucoside in abundance. This study wasaimedat utilizing 5-methylcoumarin-4β glucoside isolated from V. glaberrimatoproduce4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin through alkali hydrolysis. Crude extract was fractionated and subjected to column chromatography. The Isolated compound was hydrolyzed and characterized using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Optimization of process Parameters for the hydrolysis of 5-methylcoumarin -4β glucosidesuch as (reaction time, temperature, and NaOH concentration) was determined using Response Surface based on Box-Beinkhen experimental design on Minitab 17 statistical software. The optimum yield of 4-hydroxy-5-methylcoumarin (17%) was achieved at the temperatureof900C, NaOH Concentration of 1M, and 1hour reaction time. From this study it can be concluded that 4-Hydroxy-5-Methylcoumarin can be obtained from 5-methylcoumarin-4βglucosidealbeit with maximum yield of 17%
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of Intervention Strategies for A Banditry Model
Get PDFThis paper presents an optimal control of intervention strategies for the menace of Banditry taking into account media campaign against Banditry rehabilitation of Bandits detainees and use of military force against Banditry as control strategies. The Banditry free equilibrium, Banditry present equilibrium and the basic reproduction number of Banditry were obtained. The stability analysis results suggest that the Banditry free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when and otherwise when . The Boko Haram presence equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable when and unstable if . We used the three control strategies and updated the Banditry menace model. The optimal control issue was resolved using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle (PMP).It was discovered that there is a significant decrease in the population of Bandits and increase in the number of rehabilitated Bandits and detained Bandits when the control measures are implemented compared to the case without control. We solved the optimality control using a forward-backward sweep strategy implemented in MATLAB for numerical simulation. Additionally, we saw that the number of people detained fluctuates as the number of people receiving rehabilitation rises. We argue that in order to lessen or completely erase the menace caused by Bandits in society, the government should fund media campaigns and rehabilitation initiatives
Molecular Characterization of Bovine Fasciola Species from Kebbi State, Nigeria
Get PDFCurrent phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola species. Methods of diagnosis and differentiation of Fasciola species have been developed, but the understanding of the distribution and speciation of this parasite is location dependent. Therefore, it is important to characterize the Fasciola species from different geographical locations. This research was conducted to genetically characterize bovine Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Faecal samples were collected from the cattle before slaughter and were microscopically examined using two methods of Parasitological examinations (Flukefinder® Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation). Positive faecal samples were subjected to molecular detection method of PCR and sequencing of the products. The obtained sequence was subjected to BLAST and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the Fasciola species prevalent in the area. The PCR results have detected Fasciola spp while the phylogenetic analysis have confirmed the species of liver fluke to be Fasciola gigantica. This have intensified the understanding of the existence of the parasite in the study area and have also provided the genetic diversity of F. gigantica. There is need for further research to compare Fasciola isolates from other livestock in order to determine the exact species infecting animals in the study area
Anti-Nutritional and Nutritional Composition of Zobo (Hibiscus Sabdariffa) Enriched with Pineapple and Orange Juice
Get PDFZobo (Roselle), a popular traditional Nigerian beverage, is known for its rich taste and potential health benefits. Recently, there has been growing interest in enhancing the nutritional value of Zobo through the addition of fruit juices. This research aimed to assess the Anti-nutritional and nutritional composition of Zobo enriched with pineapple and orange juice. The results revealed that the incorporation of pineapple and orange juice significantly increased the moisture content as expected of a juice product. Crude fibre and carbohydrates were found to increase as pineapple and orange were added. All anti-nutrient contents were also found to be low in all samples. Notably, saponin concentrations in Zobo samples were found to be 5.70±0.02, 4.81±0.09, 4.09±0.03, 4.38±0.54. The presence of Saponin in food is known to kill protozoa and mollusks, and also act as antifungal and antiviral agents. Furthermore, indicates that the panelists accepted the four samples in all of the attributes except sample D. These findings support the potential of Zobo enriched with pineapple and orange juice as a functional beverage with enhanced nutritional qualities
Algebraic Theories of AUNU Permutation Using Group Action with Non- Prime Order
Get PDFPermutation groups have played important roles in method of enumerating combinatorial objects in recent times. However, the study of the applicability AUNU permutation groups using group action is challenging. In this paper, a new method of constructing group action using the subsequences of (123)- avoiding of AUNU Permutation patterns is provided. The method used the generating function of AUNU groups in the construction to obtain some geometric structures of orbits resembling to lattice. The research further established some algebraic properties of group action as well as orbit and stabilizer in permutation groups which are relevant to the study of finite group structures. The paper also providedsome motivations for the study of group action in an abstract domain
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis on Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis B Disease in Gusau Local Government Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis study focused on creating a binary logistic regression model to evaluate the risk factors for hepatitis B viral disease in the Gusau Local Government of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Secondary data was utilised, and the model identified independent predictors of hepatitis-b disease based on variables with a P-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval for the odds ratio not less than 1. The results indicated that marital status, history of blood transfusion, multiple sex partners, and alcohol consumption were statistically associated with hepatitis-B virus infection, while gender and having an infected family member were not. Model selection criteria, including Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), favoured a model with only significant predictors, revealing the existence of Hepatitis-B virus infection risk factors in patients from Gusau Local Government of Zamfara State