International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Estimation of Radiation Dose in Building Materials Used In Federal University Gusau Using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Analysis
Get PDFThis study estimated the radiation dose in building materials (sand, cement, and granite) in Federal University Gusau, Zamfara State, Nigeria, through gamma-ray spectrometry system using a Sodium Iodide Thallium activated "NaITl" detector in a low background configuration. The range of the average activity concentration of 226Ra was found to be 56.65±0.75Bqkg-1 to 159.45±2.68Bqkg-1, which was higher than that of the world mean value for soil 35Bqkg-1,for 232Th the range was 46.65±0.45Bqkg-1 to 79.32±1.68Bqkg-1, all the samples, were found to be higher than that of the world mean for soil 30Bqkg-1. While the activity concentrations of 232Th levels of blocks, granite, and sand samples are all above the world range, except the cement which was within the worldwide range 194.84±1.31Bqkg-1 to 656.84±0.76Bqkg-1. The average activity concentration of 40K for cement, sand, and blocks was within the worldwide range, with granite samples slightly higher than the world mean value for soil 400Bqkg-1. The results have been compared with the world mean values of 35, 30, and 400Bqkg-1 specified by the UNSCEAR (2016). Concerning radiological risk to human health, the absorbed gamma dose rate (D) was estimated to be above the world average range of 55nGyh-1; the outdoor annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) were, estimated to be below the permissible limit of 0.07mSvy-1. The values of Raeq, Hex, and Hin for all the samples in the present work are lower than the accepted safety limit value of 370Bqkg-1 and below the limit of unity, respectively. 
Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of Solar Charge Controller for Street Lighting Application
Get PDFSolar powered equipment and applications are gradually making their ways into various sector of our day to day life. We need a storage or battery to store the solar energy harnessed during day. A Solar Charge Controller (SCC) which is a part of a solar power system has been designed using Proteus Software, to maintain batteries used in solar power harvesting and utilization in a charged state, without risk of over-charging or over-discharging, ensuring battery durability. The charge controller has battery management system in built, responsible for executing the desired charging algorithm based on the battery chemistry characteristics. After the circuit design and construction, tests like Power Supply test, Accuracy test, charging test and discharging test were conducted. From the results of the tests, the power supply met its requirement to out-put a constant voltage of 5Vfor the microcontroller and LCD circuit. The charging test result shows the charging characteristics of the charge controller. The discharging test result is a negative linear graph showing that the battery is discharging from 14.4 V to about 9.5 V where the microcontroller disconnected the battery from the load. The results showed that the charge controller was able to control and regulate the charging process well. Calculated Mean percentage error was 0.04
Comparative Between Three Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict and Improve Students’ Academic Performance
Get PDFThe greatest aim of every educational setup is giving the best educational experience and knowledge to the students. Discovering the students who need extra support and guidance so as to carry out the necessary actions to enhance their performance plays an important role in achieving that aim. In this research work, three machine learning algorithms have been used to build a classifier that can predict the performance of the students in higher institutions considering three Tertiary institutions which are: Federal University Dutsinma, Katsina State, Abdu Gusau Polytechnic Talata Mafara and College of Education Maru, Zamfara State. The machine learning algorithms includ: Support Vector Machine, Linear Regression and Stochastic Gradient descent algorithms. The models have been compared using the Mean Absolute Error, Mean Square Error and Root Mean Square Error classification accuracy. The dataset used to build the models is collected based on a survey given to the students and the students’ grade book. The support vector machine model achieved the best performance that is equal to 99.1%
Cross-Infection and Risk Prevention in Production Environment: A Multi-criteria Decision-making Approach
Get PDFManufacturing relies heavily on the physical presence of human resources, and disease outbreaks that force separation, such as: COVID-19, harm output. As a solution to the problem, this paper proposes a new Hybrid Multi-criteria Decision-making (H-MCDM) model based on the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Geometric (IFWG) operator, the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Hamacher Interactive Weighting Averaging (IFHIWA) operator, and the Intuitionistic Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (IF-TOPSIS) method for the evaluation, management, and prevention planning. In addition to the role that modeling played in solving the cross-infection problem, the results obtained from putting the model through its implementation show that the use of protective materials during manufacturing operations is the most suitable among the finite alternatives considered, when the safety of the workforce/workplace, cost of implementing risk-mitigating actions, virus transmission level, and ease of implementation are all taken into account. Thus, the proposed model has been validated through a feasibility test, so contributes to maintaining production and reducing cross-infections in workplaces while an epidemic is ongoing
Safety Evaluation on Antinutritional, Bacterial Properties with Sensory Acceptability of Processed Shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa) Pulp Juice
Get PDFThe processing of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) pulp juice plays a crucial role in its nutritional and sensory attributes, as well as its bacterial composition. This study aims to investigate the antinutritional factors, sensory properties, and microbial activity in processed Shea pulp juice. The study utilized various analytical methods, including proximate analysis, sensory evaluation, and microbial analysis. The findings provide valuable insights into the nutritional quality, taste profile, and microbial composition of Shea pulp juice after processing. The nutritional analysis revealed a substantial amount of moisture of 84.39 to 93.01%, as well as high carbohydrate and caloric values of 5.84 to 8.96% and 33.51 to 67.31%, respectively. It also had a high vitamin C concentration (16.45 - 38.99%). The anti-nutritional analysis shows the presence of phytate (42.80±1.42mg), and oxalate (0.42±0.22mg), it was also found to be very high in tannin (338.80± 1.36mg). Saponin has a low content of 16.59±0.14mg and Cyanide had the lowest quantity (13.23±0.13). Cyanide, oxalate, and phytate concentrations were found to be lower than the reference toxic standard level. In terms of sensory evaluation, all samples were accepted favorably with Sample A and B most preferable to C. This research contributes to the understanding of Shea pulp juice as a potential food source and highlights the importance of optimizing processing techniques to enhance its beneficial properties
Nutritional and Sensory Quality Attributes of Bread Produced from Wheat-Sprouted Finger Millet Flour
Get PDFThe current study was conducted to investigate the nutritional and sensory quality of wheat flour supplemented with sprouted finger millet flour in varying ratio to produce bread. Phytochemical screening of the ethanol extract of the flour samples confirmed the presence of many phytochemicals including flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, alkaloids and tannins. The results of flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid content of white wheat flour (WWF) are 1.34 ± 0.05 (mg QE/g), 2.25 ± 0.05 (mg GAE/g) and 1.26 ± 0.01 (%) respectively. The mean concentration of raw finger millet flour (RFF) : sprouted finger millet flour (SFF) for flavonoid, phenolic and alkaloid are 2.15 ± 0.15 mg QE/g : 2.87 ± 0.05 mg QE/), 4.24 ± 0.04 mg GAE/g : 5.10 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g and 2.56 ± 0.03 (%) : 2.58 ± 0.05 (%). The results of moisture content, ash and carbohydrate of the bread increases from 8.28-10.18 %, 1.70-2.55 %, and 69.30-70.21 % while crude protein, crude fat and crude fiber of the bread decreases from 12.80-11.20 %, 3.62-2.01 %, and 4.30-3.90 %. The sensory score results revealed that bread made with 100 % WWF (sample A) was most acceptable. The study has revealed that acceptable nutrient dense bread can be made from wheat and sprouted finger millet flour up to 30 % substitution
The Transform-Transformer Approach: Unveiling the Odd Transmuted Rayleigh-X Family of Distributions
Get PDFThe paper presents a novel class (family) of statistical distributions termed Odd Transmuted Rayleigh-X (OTR-X) that was created through a transform-transformer (T-X) approach. The CDF and PDF of the OTR-X family were derived. The available statistical literature studied earlier highlighted that almost all generalized distributions (in which one or more parameters were added) performed well and have better presentation of data than their counterparts with less number of parameters. This has motivated us to developed new family that is capable of producing new distributions. The research paper also presented a clear mathematical formula for several characteristics of the OTR-X family, such as the ordinary moments, moment generating, quantile, and reliability function. In order to find the estimate of the corresponding parameters of the OTR-X family, the technique of maximum likelihood is used in the study. A new sub-model Odd Transmuted Rayleigh Inversed Exponential Distribution (OTRIED) was generated from the OTR-X class and compared its performance to Transmuted Inversed Exponential Distribution (TIED), Exponential Inversed Exponential Distribution (EIED), and Inversed Exponential Distribution using two different datasets. The results have shown that the proposed distribution out performed its competitors when using two different real-world datasets. Furthermore, the proposed distribution can be practicalized to any skewed dataset
A 〖(2n+9)〗^thDegree Polynomial Approximation Method for Solving Eight Order Linear Boundary Value Problems
No full textGalerking method, Collocation method and least squired method have been used for solving boundary value problems (BVPs) and from practical point of view almost any success of above mention method depends on the selection of basis functions. Also, Adomain decomposition and variational iteration methods have been applied for the solution of BVPs and required respectively calculating the Adomian’s polynomials and Lagrange multipliers. In this paper a simple method of Degree polynomial approximation solution were n is number of successive derivatives of the governing equation is suggested as an alternative of the above mentioned methods. The method consists of first obtaining from the governing equation its n successive derivatives and boundary conditions a linear differential system of equations evaluated at the boundary points. Next, an approximate solution in the form of polynomial of degree with unknown coefficients is assumed. To determine the unknown coefficients, the assumed solution is incorporate into the linear differential system which turns to be a linear system of equation with unknowns which is salvable uniquely. The method is tested for n=5 to four examples. It clear that from tables 3.1 to 3.4 and figures 3.1 to 3.4 the numerical outcomes agree with the exact solution and also better than some existing results in the literatures. it should be also noted that the accuracy of the method can be increased by increased n. All Numerical computation were performed using maple 2016 software
Mathematical Modeling and Optimal Control of Intervention Strategies for Covid-19 Disease
Get PDFThis research work used mathematical modeling in understanding the dynamics of covid-19 disease. We modified the work of Chen et al. (2020) by incorporating vaccination and pets (spread agents) compartments, making the model a ten (10) compartmental model, and also augmenting four controls to it namely: vaccination, use of face mask and physical distancing, sanitation, and treatment. We developed from the model, a system of non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations from which the positivity of solution was proven. We established the equilibrium states, determined the reproduction number which was utilized to predict the disease's transmission dynamics, hence establishing the conditions for local and global stability of the disease free- equilibrium using Routh- Hurwitz criterion and the Castillo-Chavez technique, respectively. The outcome of the investigation of the stability of the disease-free equilibrium state that covid-19 disease transmission can be significantly degraded and eliminated if the secondary infection’s rate is maintained at a value less than unity. We also used Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to establish the optimality system. The optimality system was numerically solved in Matlab to establish the best strategy in controlling the transmission of covid-19 disease in the population. The graphical solutions revealed that the most effective strategy is the combination of vaccination, use of face mask and physical distancing, sanitation, and treatment of infected individuals in the population
Prevalence Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in People Living in Katsina Metropolis
Get PDFGlucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is one of the most prevalent human enzyme defects observed in malaria endemic areas. The study included 212 participants, with 142 (67%) male and 70 (33%) female, aged between14 to 59 with a mean age of 24.20±9.35 years. The study was granted ethical approval by the Katsina State Ministry of Health. Each subject gave his/her written informed permission after counseling. G6PD deficiency, malaria parasite, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) were assayed using standard procedures. Among the 212 participants tested in the study, 40 (19%) were found to be G6PD deficient and 172 (81%) participants were normal. Among 212 participants tested, 75 (35.4%) were infected with malaria parasite out of which 13 (17.3%) were G6PD deficient and 62 (82.7%) were normal. Among the 40 G6PD deficient subjects, 33 (82.5%) were male while 7 (17.5%) were females. GSH concentration was lowered significantly in G6PD-deficient subjects compared to the normal subjects. GPx, Hb and PCV showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the deficient subjects compared to the normal subjects. The results of this study suggest that G6PD deficiency is quite common with a prevalence of 19% in the population of Katsina metropolis. The data also shows that males are more likely to be affected by G6PD deficiency than females