International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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A Generalized Class of Log-Type Estimators of Finite Population Mean Based on Correlation Coefficient
Get PDFIn sampling theory, it is a popular trend to use auxiliary information to obtain more efficient estimators for the population parameters to increase the precision of the estimator. Estimators obtained using auxiliary information are supposed to be more efficient than the estimators obtained without using auxiliary information. The ratio, regression, product and difference methods take advantage of the auxiliary information at the estimation stage. Therefore, this study considered a generalized class of log-type estimators of finite population mean based on correlation coefficient as the proposed estimator for estimating the population mean of the study variable. It has been shown that the generalized class of log-type estimators has lesser mean square errors (MSEs) under the optimum values of the characterizing scalar as compared to some of the commonly used related estimators available in the literature. Further, an extension of the proposed generalized class of log-type estimators using multiple auxiliary variables such as coefficient of variation, coefficient of kurtosis , and correlation coefficient. have also base initiated in this dissertation. The expressions for the properties of the proposed family of estimators, that is; Bias and Mean Square Error (MSE), were derived to the first degree of approximation. We also obtained the optimum Mean Square Error (MSEopt.), and theoretical comparisons were made with the related existing estimators in literature. Following theoretical comparisons, it was demonstrated that the proposed family of estimators was more efficient than various related existing estimators compared with, under the obtained conditions
Bone Turnover Markers for Diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis – A review
Get PDFPostmenopausal osteoporosis is an age related skeletal metabolic disorder that affects most elderly women worldwide owing to the loss of estrogen activity, increase in bone turnover rate and circulating level of bone turnover markers. Although osteocalcin, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, and pro-collagen type I N- and C-terminal pro-peptides are considered as the most sensitive markers of bone formation however, they suffer some limitations. Consequently, periostin, sclerostin and dickkopf-1 protein (Dkk-1) are emerging diagnosis markers of bone pathologies and monitoring therapeutic interventions and management of postmenopausal osteoporosis. These markers serve as effective tools for diagnosis of bone disorders, predict reduction in fracture risk, reflect metabolic effect of drugs during bone remodeling and could be used to establish the lowest dose that elicit the required change in bone mineral density. Biological variability from different sources including controllable and uncontrollable factors could serve as the major limitations of these established markers of bone formation (BFMs). This review, therefore focus on the therapeutic applications of selected bone turnover markers for early diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Studies on In-vitro Bioactivity of Icacina trichantha Methanol Seed Extract
Get PDFPlants are new sources of antioxidative and antimicrobial agents, hence the need to determine and evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal properties and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of methanol extract of Icacina trichantha. Oliv. (Icacinaceae) seed. In this research work, antioxidant study was done by using various in vitro methods such as: 1-Dipheny-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. Antimicrobial properties were determined using agar cup diffusion method on MRSA, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, C. krusei, S. dysenteriae, S. pyrogenes, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans, and C. tropicalis. The extract of the studied plant exhibited pronounced antioxidant activities in the various antioxidant activity assay tested. Also, the extract had remarkable susceptibility effect on the tested microorganism with the exception of P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and C. tropicalis that were resistant. The findings indicate that the extract was found to be effective free radical quencher, a potent source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents, thus justifying its traditional use in green therapeutics
Antibiotic Resistance pattern/ Multiple drug Resistance Index of Water-borne Bacteria isolated from Underground well Water of some Wards in Gusau Metropolis Zamfara State
Get PDFResistance of bacteria to many antibiotics is now a challenge that has become a source of mortality in many countries. Pathogens that are previously susceptible are now becoming resistant and are spreading among water bodies. This study will determine the Antibiotic Resistance pattern and Multiple drug Resistance Index of Water-borne bacteria isolated from Underground well Water of some Wards in Gusau metropolis. Eighteen water samples were collected from 6 locations (three from each) in Gusau. These samples were plated, cultured and emerging strain of bacteria were isolated and characterized using standard biochemical method. 24 bacterial isolates were found and characterized into eight genera. The bacteria with the highest frequency was Pseudomonas spp. (29.2%) followed by Shigella spp.and Alicaligenes with (16.7%) then (12.5%) Citrobacter freudii, Salmonella spp and Proteus mirabilis with (8.3%) followed finally by Serratia and Yersinia (4.2%). Antibiotic resistance patterns were determined using disk-diffusion method. Twelve antibiotics belonging to the class B-lactams were tested. The isolates show 96 % resistance to Cefotaxime, 92% Ampiclox, 87.5% Cefuroxime, 75% Amoxicillin and Imipenem, 50% Nalidixic acid, 33.3% Gentamycin, 8.3% Oflaxacin and 4.2 % Cefexime. It was observed that the isolates were 100% susceptible to Lovofloxacin, 96% Cefexime, 92% Ofloxacin, 75% Ceftriaxone sulbactarm, 66.7% Gentamycin, 58% Nitrofurantoin, 50% Nalidixic acid, 25% Amoxicillin, 12.5% Cefuroxime, 8.3% Ampiclox, and 4.2% Cefotaxime. A MAR index > 0.2 was observed for the isolates, indicating frequent antibiotic use in the area
Cryptanalysis Attacks on Multi Prime Power Modulus Through Analyzing Prime Difference
Get PDFThe Security of Rivest, Shamir and Adleman Cryptosystem known as RSA and its variants rely on the difficulty of integer factorization problem. This paper presents a short decryption exponent attack on RSA variant based on the key equation where prime difference was carefully analyzed and came up with an approximation of as which enabled us to obtain an improved bound that led to the polynomial time factorization of the variant
Biosynthesis and Characterization of ZnO/NiFe2O4 Nanocatalyst via Green Route Using Anacadium occidentalelinn (cashew nut) and its photocatalytic activity for the treatment of tannery wastewater under sunlight irradiation
Get PDFThe Anacadium occidentalelinn (cashew nut) leaves extract have been excellently utilized as a reducing as well as capping agent for the synthesis of zincoxide and nickel ferrite nanoparticles using zinc acetate, and iron (lll) chloride, nickel chloride as precursor with a different calcined temperature at the furnace and its application in the treatment of tannery wastewater. The generation of zinc oxide was proved by various characterization techniques. XRD studies displayed that a cubic phase and the average crystallite size for the intense peak measured were about 30-56nm was exhibited by the synthesized nanoparticle SEM image showed that synthesized particle are granular around 50nm and roughly spherical in shape. EDS analysis proved the elemental composition of the synthesized sample and disclosed that oxygen as well as zinc are the dominant elements. The synthesized catalyst was used in the tannery wastewater treatment also the quality parameters of tannery wastewater after treatment with the synthesized catalyst under sunlight irradiation, significantly changed and found to be within acceptable range of quality water according to (WHO). The color, odor and appearance where changed to colorless, odorless, and clear. ph, 7.4 total organic carbon (TOC), 32(mg/dm3), turbidity, 2.5(NTU) respectively. The highest efficiency of the treatment process was attained under sunlight irradiation conditions in comparison to those which were recorded under dark conditions as revealed by the result of the analysis. This procedure is safe, environmentally friendly and viable due to its fast, low cost compared to other methods
Growth Performance of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings Fed with Allium sativum Extract as Natural Feed Additives
Get PDFFish is an important aspect of global dietary consumption and its demand makes it an important source of income and means of livelihood. 120 Clarias gariepinus fingerlings were sourced from Nagwamatse Farms Gusau, Zamfara State. They were acclimatized for 14 days and fed 4mm Bluecrown containing 45% crude protein diet at 3% body weight twice daily at 12hours interval and later subjected to varying concentrations of garlic extract for the period of twelve weeks. Cloves of garlic were sorted to remove the off types. Garlic dried scales were removed to allow easy air-dry in the laboratory. Dried samples were pulverized using mechanical blender. Ethanolic extraction was done using 100g of powdered samples to 500ml of ethanol. The extract was used to compound fish feed in three treatment (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The C. gariepinus samples were divided into eight groups (three treatments and a control with one replicates each). Water parameters were measured daily. The average highest mean weight gain was recorded in 1% extract treatment with 155.8±6.4 and the least mean weight was observed in the fish fed with 0.5g/kg of concentrates (140.5±8.73). C. gariepinus showed evidence of positive growth response however, high and very low concentrations of garlic extracts had lower positive growth response. Further research should be carried out on the physiological effects of high concentration, its durational effects and, palatability test to further ascertain its potency. The aim of this research study was to evaluate the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with diets containing varying concentrations of Allium sativum extract
Derivation of Five-Stage Implicit Runge-Kutta Method of Order 10 via Gauss-Legendre Quadrature for Ordinary Differential Equations
Get PDFThis paper presents developing and implementing a five-stage implicit Runge-Kutta method of order ten via Gauss-Legendre quadrature for stiff or oscillatory first-order initial value problems (IVPs) of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Using continuous collocation and interpolation techniques, the implicit Runge-Kutta method was developed by combining Legendre polynomials and exponential functions as the basis function. The properties of the method were investigated, and it was shown that it is consistent and A-stable. The new method was evaluated on two sampled problems involving stiffness and oscillation. The numerical results demonstrate that the new implicit Runge-Kutta is computationally efficient and outperforms previous methods of similar derivations. 
Using a Modified Quality Control Charts on Academic Grades of Tertiary Institutions Students
Get PDFQuality of products or services has different meaning by different Authors. Quality of academic processes in Nigeria is measured mainly by the standard set by regulatory bodies of Educational Institutions. There are a number of factors that affects quality assurance and students’ academic performance in Nigeria. This study is on the application of statistical quality control techniques on the academic performance of students. The study was aimed to investigate the performance of both National Diploma (ND) and Higher National Diploma (HND) students of the Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic (WUFP) Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, using a modified version of the Shewhart’s quality control charts. Nine (9) departments from a total of 32 departments of the institution were selected. A total of 720 student’s records of Cumulative Grade Point Averages (CGPAs) were studied. Twenty student’s records each were selected per session and per programme. The results showed that the overall performance of students of the Institution is within the average standard expected of each graduand of the Polytechnic as provided by the regulatory body, the National Board for Technical Education (NBTE)
Daily Solar Radiation Forecasting for Northwest Nigeria Using Long Short-Term Memory
Get PDFIn order to ensure energy security and environmental sustainability, transition to renewable energy sources is required. One of the most viable and sustainable renewable energy sources is solar. However, developing solar energy systems requires solar radiation data which is scarce for most locations including Northwest Nigeria. In order to address this challenge, solar radiation is usually estimated from the available meteorological parameters. Several previous studies have used various methods including geospatial techniques and machine learning to predict monthly and yearly solar radiation, while few studies have focused on the estimation of daily solar radiation. Meanwhile, providing daily solar radiation data is necessary for the development of solar energy systems. Deep learning has been shown to be effective in solar radiation forecasting. To evaluate the performance of the deep learning method for daily solar radiation prediction, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) based deep learning model was developed in this study. The forecasting model was created using daily solar radiation data collected over a 21-year period by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency in three major towns in North West Nigeria: Kano, Kaduna, and Katsina. The model was evaluated using two statistical indicators: coefficient of determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Results showed that R2 of 0.79 and 0.78 were obtained for the training and testing datasets respectively, while RMSE of 0.46 and 0.47 were obtained for the training and testing datasets respectively. Overall, the LSTM deep learning model has been proven to be effective in forecasting daily solar radiation