International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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On Generators and Undirected Cayley graphs of Γ_1-Non-Deranged Permutation Groups
Get PDFA cayley graph of a group , where S is the set of generators of is a graph that has a vertex for each element of and edge for and . In this work, we study the structural properties of undirected cayley graphs of the -non deranged permutation group ( ) obtained from a modulo p function (for and is prime), and established that the generators of are not unique and also the undirected cayley graphs is not simple
Bioethanol Production from Two Varieties (Saccharum Officinarum and Saccharum Barberi) Of Sugarcane Peels
Get PDFProvision of an alternative clean source of fuel with less cost, will reduce fossil fuel demand. Pollution is the major environmental problem. Air pollution is among the three types of pollution where harmful substances such as CO2 and CO are introduced to the environment and cause harm to humans and animals. Fossil fuel combustion from automobiles and industries causes this type of pollution. There is need to replace another source of fuel with renewable feedstock such as the peels of Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi which are lignocellulose materials to produce bioethanol that has a lower impact on air pollution and the Ozone layer which causes Green-House effect than fossil fuels. Dilute H2SO4 at different concentrations of 1M,2M,3M,4M and 5M were replicated into three different parts respectively as hydrolysing solution. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as fermentation enzymes. Different pH values of 5, 6 and 7 was used for fermentation periods of 5, 6 and 7 days, respectively. The Bioethanol was distilled by the use of fractional distillation. Hydrolysed samples of 3M for 6th day of both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi produced the best yields of bioethanol at the pH of 5 and 5M hydrolysed samples of both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi produced the least bioethanol for all pH values and fermentation days. The Bioethanol produced was blended with kerosene fuel to create EK10 and EK20 kerosene-bioethanol blends for use as a fuel source in a kerosene lamp. EK10 blend took 126 hours to burn in a rotary kerosene lamp, while EK20 blend took 167 hours to burn-off in the same kerosene lamp. Hydrolysed H2SO4 of 3M, pH 5 and fermentation period of 6 days for both Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum barberi shows the best sample to produce bioethanol. The bioethanol kerosene blend EK10 and E20 was concluded to show long period of burning with clean soot in a rotary kerosene lamp, therefore the bioethanol kerosene blends can be used as substitutes for kerosene fuel
Molecular Identification of Malaria Vector in Gusau Township, Nigeria
Get PDFThere about 460 Anopheles species recognized, over 100 can transmit human malaria but only 30–40 commonly transmit parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which cause malaria. Anopheles gambiae is the principal vector of the most dangerous malaria parasite species in Africa, which is Plasmodium falciparum. Anopheles gambiae are a complex consisting of eight morphologically indistinguishable species and each of the members of the complex having unique biology, ecology and behaviour and should be studied and differentiated. The research objective was to identify the species of malaria vector in Gusau township Nigeria using molecular biological technique to know the exact malaria vector. Knowledge of the exact malaria vector in a given environment enables formulating a carefully designed tailor-made vector control measure. Indoor and outdoor mosquito samples were collected from selected areas in five wards of Gusau township using standard collection methods, for a period of twelve months. The samples were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and the result showed Anopheles gambiae in all sites of sample collection. It is therefore recommended that integrated malaria vector control should be adopted in the mosquito control programme because Anopheles gambiae is rugged and can be difficult to control and/or eradicate because of the emerging insecticide resistance and its close association with human host
Analysis of Rainfall Characteristics in Kaduna State, Nigeria from 1999 – 2018
Get PDFIn the present time of changing climate, rainfall provides a vital information for effective agricultural and water resource planning and management. This study aimed at analyzing the rainfall characteristics in Kaduna state, Nigeria. Rainfall data of 20 years from 1999-2018 were obtained from the National Water Resource Institute Kaduna for the study. Walter’s 1967 formula was used to calculate the rainfall Onset and Cessation dates while the Seasonality Index was calculated using the Walsh and Lawler’s 1981 method. Results obtained revealed a decrease in trend for rainfall Onset and Cessation, Annual Rainfall amounts and also a negative trend in the Seasonality Index of the study area. While the Length of rainy season shows a positive trend for the reference period. The study suggests in-depth research in areas related to crop-climate relationship, so that variety of crops with optimum yield potentials will be cultivated in the area to feed the increasing population. This will help to avoid the risks of hunger and related food insecurity in the study area
Prevalence of Pre-diabetes, Diabetes and Associated Risk Factors among Staff and Students of Federal Polytechnic, Kaura-Namoda
Get PDFObesity and overweight are major public health issues worldwide. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of diabetes and its associated risk factors among the staff and students of Federal Polytechnic Kaura-Namoda. A total of 159 participants took part in the study, consisting of 60 staff and 99 students. Anthropometric measurement and the World Health Organization’s (WHO) cut-offs were used to classify body weight into underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) level was determined using glucometer. Blood pressure was measured using an electronic blood pressure monitor. The overall prevalence of diabetes was 2.5%, with 2.0% being known cases and 0.5% newly diagnosed individuals. The prevalence of diabetes was higher in staff (2%) than in students (0.5%). The prevalence of pre-diabetes was 5.7%, with 4.4% occurring in staff and 1.3% in students. While the prevalent overweight and obesity were 51% and 23.9% respectively, among the participants, with students being more affected than staff. Hypertension was found in males (1.9%) and none in females. Also, pre-hypertension was more prevalent in students (32%) than in staff (0%). Pre-diabetes was more prevalent in overweight, obese, hypertensive, and 40 years or above participants. There was a correlation between diabetes and age, obesity, and hypertension. In conclusion, low prevalence of overweight, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were found among the staff and students of Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda. The adoption of regular physical exercise, healthy eating habits, and a healthy lifestyle is therefore recommended among the staff and students for improved health status
Local Rock Sample as Catalytic Material for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil
Get PDFSufficient energy supply is increasingly becoming an important mechanism for catalyzing the development of a nation. A gradual shift to biofuels development was considered advantageous in reducing the pollution and other challenges associated with fossil fuels. Specifically, biodiesel production is one of those options prioritized in the literature. Herein, we demonstrated how a local rock sample can catalyze the upgrading of used groundnut oil into fuel-grade biodiesel at the laboratory scale via transesterification with methanol. The rock-based catalyst was characterized mainly to compose of oxides in the order SiO2 > Al2O3 > CaO > MgO > Fe2O3 with traces of Na2O, K2O, MnO and P2O5. The overall catalysis was believed to be initiated and aided by support, active sites participation and promotion effect. The optimum properties of 65oC, 6:1 (methanol: oil), moderate stirring and 100 mg catalyst loading were responsible for deriving 98.05% biodiesel yield. All the assessed fuel properties were also within the standard limits approved by ASTM. Thus, this suggests the feasibilities of the process parameters employed
Prevalence of Fasciola species from Cattle Slaughtered at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir
Get PDFDiagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but the understanding of the distribution and population structure of this parasite is location dependent. This study was aimed to phenotypically identify Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Ante-mortem faecal samples were collected from the sampled cattle for worm egg detection and post-mortem inspection of liver samples were performed. Two methods of Parasitological (Flukefinder Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation) methods were performed on the faecal samples. Results have yielded a high prevalence (31.2%) of fluke eggs with the Flukefinder Kit than with formalin-ether sedimentation technique (8.5%). Prevalence was higher (34%) in the males than in female (26.2%) cattle. Younger cattle (34.3%) were also more infected than their older (30.7%) counterpart. Sokoto Gudali had the highest prevalence of 44.0% followed by Red Bororo with 34.0%, and the least prevalence was observed in Bunaji breed with 18.0%. Statistical analyses results had revealed no significant relation between prevalence of fasciolosis and the co-variables (sex, age) as p > 0.05 but there was a significant association between prevalence and breed of cattle (p = 0.018). There was no significant agreement between the methods of faecal analyses used. Prevalence of 15.8% was observed from the post-mortem examination. This have increased the knowledge about the existence of the parasite in the study area. It is recommended that the Flukefinder® Kit should be used in diagnosis of Fasciola species due to its high sensitivity compared to the conventional sedimentation method
Predictive Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents in Katsina State, Nigeria Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Study on Factors and Mitigation Strategies
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the use of machine learning algorithms in predicting the likelihood of road traffic accidents in Katsina State, Nigeria, with the goal of reducing the high rate of road traffic accidents and associated loss of lives and properties. The study collects and analyzes data on road traffic accidents in Katsina State, including the number of accidents, location, time of day, and the type of vehicles involved. Machine learning algorithms such as Decision Trees, Random Forest, and K-Nearest Neighbors, are trained using the data to predict the likelihood of road traffic accidents. The study also identifies the factors that contribute to road traffic accidents in Katsina State by using techniques such as feature selection and correlation analysis, to identify the most important variables. The findings can be used by stakeholders, including the government, law enforcement agencies, and road safety organizations, to develop and implement effective strategies to reducing road traffic accidents in Katsina State. The study utilizes data collected from the Federal Road Safety Corps database in Katsina, Nigeria, and employs data cleaning and feature selection techniques to improve data quality. The Random Forest algorithm achieved the predictive value as 85% while K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Decision Tree algorithms yielded 17% and 42% respectively
Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan from Schistocerca Gregaria (Desert Locust)
Get PDFThe current study prepared and characterized chitosan from Schistocerca gregaria (Desert Locust) by a chemical method. The Schistocerca gregaria (Desert Locust) chitin and chitosan have yield of 42% and 43% with acceptable physicochemical properties such as Moisture content: 6.0±0.014 and 5.0±0.007 %, Ash content: 2.20 and 2.0%, Protein content 12.0±0.028 and 9.01 ±0.021, Crude fibre8.95±0.041 and 8.95 ± 0.014%, Lipid content, 10.0 ±0.014 and10.0 ±0.014%, however, high carbohydrate, 60.5±0.01 and 65.0±0.01% are quantified in the obtained chitin and chitosan. properties of chitosan prepared were compared with that of the other sources chitosan extracted, the study revealed that (FTIR) analysis confirmed the structure of chitosan by the presence of their characteristic IR bands such as the N–H and O–H stretching bands around 3630 cm−1, oxygen stretching (C-O-C) glycosidic linkage bands around 1125 cm−1, (C-O) in primary OH group bands around 976 cm−1, and 1634 cm−1 corresponding to the free amino group (−NH2) at C2 of glucosamine with 69% degree of deacetylation. Also, the obtained XRD peaks were around 19.01, and 20.48◦ which indicated the amophores structure. This indicates the successive formation of chitosan biopolymer. Therefore, the Schistocerca gregaria chitosan can be said to be of better quality and hence can replace commercial chitin and chitosan in terms of utilization and applications
Natural Convection Couette Flow in the Presence of Magnetic Field and Thermal Property
Get PDFThis article examines the natural convection Couette flow in a hydrodynamic viscous fluid that is electrically conductive due to the thermal radiation effect. The governing flow in this study is modelled in the form of partial differential equations (PDEs) in dimensional form with initial and boundary conditions and the Couette fluid model is also be used to characterize the fluid behavior. Then, using suitable non-dimensional quantities, the governing non-linear PDEs are transformed. Since the flow governing equations of the problem under study are extremely complex and complicated, techniques that complement experimental and theoretical fluid dynamics by providing alternative potentially cheaper means of testing fluid flow systems is employed. Therefore, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used after discretization of the PDEs. With Graphs and tables, the effects of embedded thermo physical parameters of engineering interests associated with the flow quantities viz. velocity, temperature, concentration of the fluid were examined through series of numerical experiments and discussed. This research also analyzes and compares the results obtained by Omokhuale and Jabaka (2022b). It is interesting to report that an excellent agreement was established, thereby authenticating and validating the accuracy of FEM as a strong tool. According to the results of this study, the actions of thermal radiation on the thermal and momentum boundary layers for increasing values are significant, also, increasing the magnetic field parameter impedes the fluid movement due to the Lorentz force action