International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Animal Bone Ash Catalyzed Upgrading of Mango Seed Oil into Biodiesel through Heterogeneous Transesterification
Get PDFBiodiesel production via catalytic transesterification of non-edible oils derived from plants is one of the priority areas considered by researchers as an approach to reduce the over-dependence on fossil fuels. However, the development of most appropriate catalyst system is still under investigation. The current study therefore investigated the potentials of bone ashes derived from cow, camel and goat as catalytic materials for upgrading mango seed oils into biodiesel under a range of reaction conditions. Irrespective of the bone ash type, the XRF data revealed the presence of CaO, P2O5, SiO2, Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, MgO, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Among the nine oxides, CaO and P2O5 were found to play a competitive role during the upgrading reaction. However, reactions influenced by active basic sites in CaO were very favourable and accounted for the production of high biodiesel yields reaching maximum at ~94.5%. Further studies on properties characterization showed the produced methyl esters to have properties in line with those approved internationally for the designing of B100 and other grades of biodiesel
Modeling and Calculation of Power Density from Telecommunication Base Station Erected at Federal University Gusau in Sabon Gida, Bungudu Local Government Area Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe rampant proliferation of telecommunication mast in our societies pose fear of radiation and increase the level of noise above the prescribed residential noise. Calculation of power density around ZM811B base station to a distance of 100m radius in step of 5m were made and a hypothetical human model was also used to further illustrate the effect of radiation at the so call safe radiation level adopted by African countries. The calculated power density from the distance of 5m to 50m away from the mast (ZM811B) in step of 5m were found to be within the range of 0.0000004507 to 0.00000004507 and from 50m to 100m in step of 10m were found to be within the range of 0.0000004507 to 0.000000001122 . From the model, human body was found to be kept in a microwave oven for s per day. Nobody will put himself and his family in an open microwave oven for nineteen minutes in a day. The argument remains that the adaptation of the body to external threat and the radiation is spread over whole day. So, the simple question here to ask is would you like to put yourself in an open microwave oven for just five minutes per day, for some years? All the calculated power density were found below the safe radiation level, thus trivial. However, the model show that even at the radiation safe level one is not safe
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF CELLPHONE DETECTOR
Get PDFA cell phone detector is a device specifically designed to detect and locate the presence of a cell phone in a specific area. Cell phone detection has been studied for a long time. Techniques have been developed or proposed on how to detect cell phones. Most of them are trying to exploit features such as audio systems, RF systems, and common materials in phones and study how these can be used as the basis for cell phone detection. This study uses the cell phone's RF system as a function to detect the presence of a cell phone. Using relatively inexpensive and available electronic components, a circuit that detects signals in the 0.9 GHz to 3 GHz range is used to detect a mobile phone in use. The constructed cell phone detector can detect the presence of various activated cell phones within 1.5 meters around it and indicate this by flashing a light emitting diode (LED) connected to its output. Even if the cell phone is in silent mode. The circuit test results show that the cell phone detector works well
Comparative Phytochemical Studies of Ficus Sycomorus, Khaya Senegalese, And Azadirachta Indica Leaves Extract
Get PDFThe phytochemical content of three medicinal plants Ficus sycomorus, Khaya senegalensis, and Azadirachta indica which are considered as a major source of new antibiotics was determined. the goal of our research is to evaluate the phytochemicals of Ficus sycomorus, khaya senegalensis, and Azadirachta indica leaves extracts. The methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane, extracts of these plants were subjected to phytochemical test, the result of the phytochemical analysis for different solvent revealed the presence of Tannins, Alkaloids, and Flavonoids. Quantitative estimation of phytoconstituent revealed that saponins were present in great amounts in all the extracts screened, (p-value 0.005 less than the alpha 0.05) while Flavonoids, and Alkaloids were present in sufficient amounts with (p-value 0.000 less than the alpha 0.05). The results showed that all the plant samples were rich source of phytochemicals. it could be suggested that this plant has a potential as a source of therapeutic agents. this supports the traditional use of the plant in curing human diseases. It is therefore suggested that further studies be carried out using different solvents as well as to isolate, purify and identify the active compounds present in the extracts with a view to justifying these claims
Beta-Lactam Resistance Profile of E. Coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Patients in Selected Hospitals within Gusau Metropolis
Get PDFThe emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly beta-lactam resistance, poses a significant challenge in the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study aimed to investigate the beta-lactam resistance profile of E. coli isolated from UTI patients in selected hospitals within the Gusau metropolis. A total of 92 urine samples were collected from UTI patients attending selected hospitals in Gusau metropolis. Isolation and identification of E. coli were conducted using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Furthermore, phenotypic confirmation of beta-lactam resistance was carried out using double disc synergy testing (DDST). Out of 92 urine samples obtained from patients with UTIs, E. coli was identified in 19 samples (20.7%), out of the 19 E. coli isolates, ESBL production was detected in 9 (47.36%) based on the results of the DDST, and among the E. coli isolates tested, 12 (63.16%) exhibited resistance to beta-lactam (Ceftriaxone), while 5 (26.31%) showed intermediate susceptibility, and 2 (10.53%) were susceptible to this antibiotic. Results revealed a concerning prevalence of beta-lactam resistance among E. coli isolates, highlighting the urgent need for effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection control measures in the region
In-Vivo Antivenom Effect of Annona senegalensis (Pers) Against Biological Activities of Naja nigricollis (Hallowell) Envenomation
Get PDFSnake bites are a common, serious medical issue often neglected in developing countries. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of methanolic extract from the root bark of Annona senegalensis in neutralizing the biological activities of Naja nigricollis envenomation in vivo. The methanolic extract was fractionated using a liquid-liquid fractionating method. The inhibition of venom-induced edematogenic and hemorrhagic effects was evaluated in albino rats using a pre-incubation protocol. The aqueous-methanol fraction (AM) of A. senegalensis AM root methanolic extract significantly inhibited the hemorrhagic and edema-inducing activities of the venom. The methanolic extract derived from the root bark of A. senegalensis has exhibited promising potential as an effective anti-snake venom agent
Electrical Resistivity Investigation of Dumpsites in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFElectric resistivity survey was carried out in three selected dumpsites in Gusau metropolis for groundwater contamination. The dumpsites were investigated by conducting Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) using Schlumberger array with maximum current electrode separations of 180 m. Five VES were conducted on each dumpsite making a total of fifteen VES along three profiles. The field data obtained from VES were analyzed using WinGlink softwar. The VES results revealed three subsurface layers. The topsoil had resistivity ranging from 1.45 Ωm to 48.2 Ωm while the thicknesses varied from 0.47 m to 3.37m across the profiles. The second layer's resistivities varied from 5.4 Ωm to 144.35 Ωm and their thicknesses' ranges from 1.36 m to 16.93 m. The third geoelectric layer had resistivity from 70.0 Ωm to 6003.0 Ωm. The results indicated that the top soils in all the dumpsites were characterized by very low resistivity depicting possible pollution and contamination. Findings from this study indicated that there may be possible contamination of shallow groundwater system in the nearest future if proper mitigation measures are not taken into consideration at the dumpsites
Investigating Predictors and Risk Factors of Diabetes
Get PDFThis research is aimed at investigating the predictors and risk factors of diabetes using the log-normal approach for data of diabetic patients from two selected hospitals within Birnin Kebbi metropolis: Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kebbi and Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital Birnin Kebbi. The data used in this study were obtained from two selected hospitals within the Birnin Kebbi metropolis consist of 750 people diagnosed with Diabetes out of which some happens to be diabetic patients while others are none. The data variables were coded as: Diabetes status (1= Patient is having Diabetes, and 0 = Patient do not have Diabetes), Ages (less than 45years=0, above 45years=1), Sex/Gender (1 = male, 0 = female), History of Diabetes (1 = Yes, 0= No), History of HBP/Hypertension (1 = Yes, 0= No), Frequent urination/increased thirst (1 = Yes, 0 = No), Overweight/Obese (1 = Yes, 0 = No), and Fatigue or Muscle Pain (1 = Yes, 0 = No) and analysis was performed using Statistical Package NCSS. However, the results obtained revealed that Age has the highest impact on diabetes followed by gender, then frequent urination while Gender, history of HBP and obese/overweight have less impact with fitted model as Diabetes = 127.7988115605 + 2.91056748883139E-02*Age + 1.41071509860143*Gender -4.76836365190816* History of Diabetes -8.12517728481757* History of HBP -7.31335028559973* Frequent Urination -3.98943620318212* Obese/Overweight
Effects of Garlic (Allium sativum) on Growth and Haematological Parameters in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Juveniles
Get PDFFishes are most abundant aquatic vertebrates; they are being consumed by humans as protein supplements and as well serve as raw materials in drugs industries and source of foreign exchange. Juveniles Clarias gariepinus were sourced from ABU Institute of Agriculture Mando, Zaria Kaduna State and acclimatized for two weeks and fed 4mm Bluecrown feed containing 45% crude protein diet at 3% body weight twice daily at 12hours interval. Feed was formulated with garlic extract in to five groups; A (0.0g/kg), B (0.5g/kg), C (1.0g/kg), D (2.0g/kg) and E (5.0g/kg) diet. Fishes were grouped into five (triplicates) and feed different diets. Fish fed with 0.5g/kg garlic mixture supplemented diet increases significantly in growth when compared with the control groups and those other groups fed with 1.0 g/kg, 2.0 g/kg and 5.0 g/kg Garlic supplement. Similarly, among dietary groups, food conversion ratio (FCR) improved significantly (p < 0.05) in fish fed with 1.0 g/kg and 0.5 g/kg Garlic supplemented diet when compared with those fed with D (2.0 g/kg), D (5.0 g/kg) and control (0.0 g/kg). Percentage weight gain, mean weight and survival rate decreases as garlic supplements in the diets increases. Differences observed in packed cell volume (PCV) and White blood cell (WBC) were significantly high in 0.5g/kg garlic supplemented groups (PCV 33% and WBC 23.1 x103µL-1) when compared with the control group (PCV 27% and WBC 19.1 x103µL-1) and other groups with higher garlic supplements. Overall, fish fed with 0.5 g/kg garlic mixture extracts had improved haematological indices when compared with those fed with higher concentrations and control group. The study concluded that, 0.5g/kg level of garlic could effectively improve the growth performance, healthier and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus. This study was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of garlic on growth and haematological parameters of Clarias gariepinus
Mixed Convection Flow in a Micro-channel in the Presence of Magnetic Field and Thermal Property
Get PDFThe fully developed MHD mixed convection flow in a micro channel having variable thermal conductivity is considered. The velocity slip and temperature jump at both plates were taken into consideration. The effects of various flow parameters entering into the problem such as Hartmann number, variable thermal conductivity, mixed convection parameter, rarefaction parameter, fluid-wall interaction parameter and wall-ambient temperature difference ratio were discussed with the aid of line graphs. It is revealed that greater values of variable thermal conductivity tend to significantly improve the temperature and velocity gradients respectively. Furthermore, mixed convection parameter, significantly influence the flow pattern