International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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HIV-Hypertension Comorbidity, Associated Factors and Treatment Option Among HIV Patients Attending Katsina General Hospital, Katsina State Nigeria
Get PDFPeople living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are facing an increased burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) comorbidity. There is however, paucity of information on the magnitude of HIV-hypertension comorbidity, its associated factors, and how the health system responds to the burden in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the magnitude of comorbidity HIV and hypertension and associated factors among HIV-positive adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Katsina General Hospital, Katsina. Two hundred (200) HIV infected adults (aged ≥ 18) who had been on antiretroviral therapy for at least six months Katsina General Hospital, Katsina were recruited. Participants’ demographics, HIV characteristics, the presence of non-communicable diseases via self-report, from clinic folders and from measurement of their blood pressure on the day of interview and serum lipid profile, were evaluated. The magnitude of HIV and hypertension comorbidity was 28.5%. Old age, higher BMI, higher viral load, alcohol and duration on antiretroviral therapy were found to be factors associated with development of hypertension among HIV-positive adults. The prevalence of hypertension measured on the day of interview was greater than that found on self-report or reported in the clinic folder. Regular screening for the incidences of hypertension, addressing modifiable risk factors, and providing integrated care in the center would help improve the quality of life of comorbid patients
GIS-Based Evaluation of the Spatio-Temporal Impacts of Rainfall and Temperature Variability on Vegetation Cover in Bauchi State, Nigeria
Get PDFVegetation cover is an important natural resource for sustainable development, these resources have been affected by both environmental and human factors. The present study evaluates the impacts of temperature and rainfall variability on vegetation cover in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), mean monthly temperature, total monthly rainfall for 2001, 2011 and 2021 were used and analysed in ArcMap 10.8 environment in this study. The results indicated a consistent relationship between temperature and rainfall with vegetation cover whereby an increase in 1 unit of temperature may lead to the in-vegetation density by about 0.05 unit of vegetation throughout the study period. The result also revealed that a rise of rainfall by 1 unit may consequently resulted to an increase in the density of vegetation by 0.0002, 0.001 and 0.0003 in 2001, 2011 and 2021 respectively. Result further indicated the residual with a negative Moran’s I index throughout the study period this therefore showed a random pattern. It was also revealed from the findings that during 2001, Bauchi State observed more vegetation cover in many areas due to climatic factors than what will be recorded in future. This is more specifically in Ningi, Toro, Ganjuwa and Dass Local Government Areas (LGAs). This clearly indicated that temperature and rainfall variability are important factors that determine the nature of vegetation cover in the area. Hence, due to the importance of vegetation cover in the provision of food, shelter, wildlife habitat, and provision of fuel. This study recommended the integration of geospatial technologies (especially GIS) to assess the contribution of climatic factors to vegetation distribution
Assessment of Bread Safety in Gusau- Zamfara State: Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Potassium Bromate and Some Heavy Metals
Get PDFTwenty-six (26) samples of different bread brands sold in Gusau metropolis of Northern Nigeria were analyzed for potassium bromate and some heavy metals content. The study revealed the presence of potassium bromate in all the samples analyzed. The concentrations ranged from 3.45-9.38 mg/kg; all the values were above the allowed limit by FDA of 0.02 μg/g (0.02 mg/kg). Atomic absorption spectroscopic method was used for the heavy metals determination, the heavy metals determined were Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Fe, and results obtained were assessed on the basis of the permissible limits for the respective metals in Foods. The concentrations of Pb, and Cd in the samples were in the range of 0.12-1.20 mg/kg and 0.010- 0.081mg/kg respectively. Permissible limit for Pb and Cd in food is 0.2-2.5 mg kg-1 and 0.05 mg/kg respectively. The levels of Cadmium in some of the samples (Samples E, F, H, P R and S) suggest a certain degree of contamination. The values for Cu, Zn and Fe in the samples ranged as follows; Cu (0.03-0.099 mg/kg), Zn (0.24-5.23 mg/kg) and Fe (0.71- 6.67 mg/kg). Cu and Zn content in all the samples where within permissible limits. The concentration for Fe was above permissible limit in one of the samples (samples G, 6.67 mg/kg)
Ascorbic Acid: A Safe Alternative to Potassium Bromate in Bread Production
Get PDFPotassium bromate is widely used by bakers to enhance bread elasticity, functionality, and quality. However, due to its toxicity, the use of potassium bromate in bread production in Nigeria was banned by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC); the regulatory agency for food and pharmaceutical products in 2003. Despite the ban, a review aimed at assessing the compliance levels of potassium bromate used in the production of low and high-cost bread consumed across Nigeria revealed that most of the bread sold and consumed in Nigeria still contained potassium bromate in quantities above the permissible limit. This implies that many bread sold in Nigeria are unsafe for human consumption. Bread makers are advised to opt for other safe alternative dough conditioners. hence the need for formulating a safer and economically effective potassium bromate replacer (PBR). Seventy-two (72) Potassium bromate replacer (PBR) from a “safe” oxidant (ascorbic acid; 80-200ppm) and food acid (citric acid) were formulated and tested for their effectiveness in replacing potassium bromate in the bakery industries. Chemical composition (Fe, Zn and Cu) and organoleptic evaluation (volume, texture, color, taste and general acceptability) of the bread samples were used to compare the effectiveness of the different PBR. Result shows that volume, texture and general acceptability, to a greater extent, increase with increase in the concentration of the PBR, however, no clear trend was observed for color, taste and mineral composition of the bread
A Preliminary Survey on The Enzymatic Effects of Roxylene on West Africa Dwarf (Wad) Goat Fed Cassava Peels and Poultry Droppings
Get PDFA 112days feed trial on West Africa Dwarf (WAD)goats fed cassava peels (CPM) and poultry droppings (PDM) with varying inclusion levels of enzymes on their growth performance and blood indices.Five dietary treatments levels based on the different percentage body weights per treatment were fed with varying levels of Roxazyme G2® at 4.4g, 4.6g, 4.8g and 5.0g which serves as T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively per kg of CPM + PDMThe moisture, dry matter, ash, crude fibre, ether extracts, crude protein and Nitrogen free extracts of the diets were 10.76-12.06%, 87.94-90.34%, 8.27-9.25%, 12.68-13.62%, 5.26-5.46%, 14.21-14.95 and 45.69-46.73% respectively.Data collected on the growth parameters and bloodindices of the goats were analysed, while the means were separated with Duncan Multiple Range Test. Results on the general performance of WAD fed poultry dropping with varying inclusion levels showed that T5 have superior mean values on the weight gain, daily weight gain and better FCR. On the blood indices of WAD goats fed enzyme showed increase values on the parameters evaluated at higher inclusion levels. It was concluded that higher inclusion levels of enzymes resulted to a better growth performance with increase immunity to fight infection as observed at higher concentrations on their blood profile
Level of Manganese and Copper in Selected Vegetables Marketed in Kaduna Metropolis
Get PDFVegetables containing micronutrients such as manganese and copper are widely consumed due to their essential role in the human body. Human activities due to environmental pollution significantly contribute to high levels of manganese and copper in the human body, which can lead to toxic effects. The research is aimed at determining the level of manganese and copper in selected vegetables (Lactuca sativa, Telfairia occidentalis, Vernonia amygdalina, Spinacia olaracea and Adansonia digitata) marketed in Kaduna metropolis. The selected vegetables were processed and digested using a tri-acid mixture (HNO3:HClO4:H2SO4 = 5:1:1) and the Cu and Mn content of the digests obtained was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results obtained indicated that Spinacia olaracea had the highest (0.336 ± 0.001) level of Mn while Telfairia occidentalis had the least (0.018 ± 0.013). The highest (0.139 ± 0.0002) level of Cu was recorded in Vernonia amygdalina and the lowest level (0.068±0.005) was found in Lactuca sativa. All the concentrations recorded are within the official WHO permissible limit of 5mg/kg for manganese and 4mg/kg for copper in vegetable plant materials. Therefore, these values may suggest that the selected vegetables are safe for human consumption
A Study of Some New Statistics on the - non-Deranged Permutations
Get PDFIn this study, we looked at some novel statistics on the -non deranged permutation group, a symmetric group subgroup. We analyzed and redefined some of the statistic namely Lmap, Lmal, Rmip, Rmil and Rmal on -non deranged permutations. We found that in all -non deranged permutations, Lmap is equivalent to Lmal. In addition, we observed that Rmal of is empty for any and other combinatorial features
The Socio-Economic and Environmental Benefits of Waste Scavenging in Maiduguri, Borno State
Get PDFThis study aimed at assessing the economic and environmental benefits of waste scavenging in Maiduguri, which has been presumably neglected by formal sector. The objectives of the study were to: identify the types of waste materials recovered by scavengers, determine the average monthly income and factors that influence the income of Scavengers and examine the environmental benefits of waste scavenging. Data were collected using Questionnaire and observation checklists. Five wards out of the 15 wards that constituted the study area were purposively selected for the study. 210 scavengers were randomly selected and administer Questionnaire at the depots in each of the sampled wards where they sell recovered materials. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test. The study found that scavenging is a male dominated occupation, with a mean age of 20.2 and average monthly income of N13, 500. The Chi-square test performed to demonstrate the influence of socio demographic factors on income of scavengers revealed a significant association between Age, Educational attainment, length of practice, marital status and categories of waste scavengers. Gender and alternative occupation were the only insignificant factors. The study also showed that, Scrap metals and aluminum were the major materials recovered by scavengers as ascertain by 65.71%, and that the materials are recovered base on their economic value, quality and state. Seasonal differences also contribute to the pricing of recyclable materials recovered by scavengers. The study also revealed that despite the significant contribution of scavengers to environmental sustenance, economic growth and poverty reduction, their activities is still not acknowledge by local authorities in the study area. The study recommends that Government should recognize their contributions as important stakeholders in the waste management sector in Maiduguri by diversifying the types of recyclables and establishing recycling plants, more permanent employment could be provided for the scavengers and other people, thereby improving the economy. Also, Successful integration of scavengers into a formal programme can help optimize waste collection and recycling in an integrated waste management programme. If well organized, scavengers could be given the necessary training that would enable them overcome the challenges they encounter in their activities, especially those related to vulnerability of hazards
Assessment of Seasonal Variations In The Physico-Chemical Parameters Of Bakolori Dam, Zamfara State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study investigates seasonal variations in the Physico-Chemical Parameters of Bakolori Dam, Zamfara State, Nigeria. Data for period from July 2015 to February 2016 for selected physico-chemical parameters were collected. Four sampling stations were selected, and standard procedures were adopted for determination of physico-chemical parameters. The parameters analyzed were, atmospheric temperature values which ranged from 26.36 to 28.810C, water temperature 24.26 to 24.910C, total dissolved solids 34.63 to 41.38ppm, electrical conductivity 67.63 to 82.60µs/cm, water transparency 2.05 to 2.81cm, dissolved oxygen was between 4.45 to 4.91mg/l, pH varied from 8.29 to 8.56, total alkalinity 0.63 to 0.70mg/l, chloride ranged from 0.81 to 0.98mg/l, nitrogen 0.66 to 0.68mg/l, ammonium 0.45 to 0.48mg/l, nitrate 0.66 to 0.76mg/l and phosphorus was between 0.14 to 0.21mg/l, and there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the means of these parameters with respect to stations. Apart from the water transparency, seasonal variations observed between the parameters studied in Bakolori Dam in wet and dry seasons were found to be within the optimum ranges required for fish culture and domestic use hence the Dam was mildly polluted
Facial Recognition System Using Local Binary Pattern (LBP) Algorithm as a Tool in Curbing Agricultural Loan
Get PDFFace recognition (FR) technology can be used in wide range of applications such as identity authentication, access control, and surveillance. Interests and research activities in face recognition have increased significantly over the past twenty years, in this research, local binary pattern was be used to design a system that will store all the faces of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) anchor borrowers’ loan beneficiaries, the system will use farmers faces binary information and inject the binary information into the recovery farmers database so that no multiple loan will be given to any defaulter and their facial identity will be revealed. The final output of the anchor borrower programme(ABP) is to create economic linkage between smallholder farmers and reputable large-scale processors with a view to increasing agricultural output and significantly improving capacity utilization of processors