International Journal of Science for Global Sustainability
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Heavy Metals Content in Selected Cream Marketed in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State, Nigeria, and Associated Health Risk
Get PDFIn Nigeria, the use of beauty creams is a widespread practice. This research evaluates the levels of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in five (5) different beauty cream brands commonly found in Gusau Metropolis, Zamfara State using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometery (AAS). Estimated daily intake (EDI) as well as the health risk index (HRI) of these metals were also calculated to assess the dermal health risks associated with the use of the creams. The concentration of Ni (6.130±1.740 – 14.90±18.40 mg/kg was notably higher, while Pb (2.833±1.457 – 34.80±48.80 mg/kg) was lower in all samples compared to permissible limits in cosmetics (Pb: 10 mg/kg; and Ni: 0.6 mg/kg), except for brand E, which had an excessively high Pb concentration. There are currently no established limits for Zn in cosmetics. Prolonged use of these creams may lead to health risks due to toxic metal exposure through dermal route indicated by an HRI greater than 1 for all metals. Therefore, it is recommended that relevant authority such as NAFDAC and SON intensify monitoring of these toxins in beauty cream products manufactured or imported into Nigeria to safeguard public health, particularly for vulnerable groups like children and women
Study of Phytochemicals and FTIR Spectra of Fractions from Datura Metel Linn (Non-Sedative Analgesic Plant)
Get PDFThis study investigated Datura metel Linn. to identify phytochemicals with non-sedative analgesic potential, offering an alternative to conventional sedative drugs. Bioactive compounds were isolated from leaves via sequential solvent extraction (acetone, chloroform, water) and fractionated by column chromatography, yielding primary (GH1-GH7) and secondary fractions. Phytochemical screening confirmed alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed diverse functional groups. Early fractions (e.g., GH1F1, GH2F2) showed signatures of aromatic carboxylic acids, with patterns consistent with para-substituted benzoic acid derivatives like 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), indicated by carbonyl stretches (1708-1735 cm⁻¹) and aromatic vibrations. Some fractions indicated inorganic ions. Later fractions (GH3F3-GH7F2B) exhibited classical plant extract profiles with broad O-H stretches (phenols, carbohydrates), aliphatic C-H stretches (lipids), ester carbonyl bands (1727-1731 cm⁻¹), and aromatic C=C bends (1515-1567 cm⁻¹), confirming a rich mixture of flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic compounds. The successful fractionation isolated a wide spectrum of phytochemicals. The dominance of functional groups linked to phenolic acids and flavonoids, known for anti-inflammatory and non-sedative analgesic activities, underscores the plant's therapeutic potential. The phytochemical profile of Datura metel L. reveals bioactive compounds supporting its traditional use. The collective anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins suggests a viable basis for non-sedative analgesia. Identifying these distinct chemical signatures provides a foundation for future research, recommending advanced structural elucidation via NMR and mass spectrometry, followed by biosimulation and biological assays to validate pharmacological activity
Quantum Support Vector Machine for Landmine Detection based on UAV Terahertz imaging system
Get PDFLandmines pose a persistent threat to human safety and infrastructure in post-conflict regions. Conventional landmine detection methods often require direct human involvement, exposing personnel to significant risk while facing limitations in accuracy and scalability. In this study, we propose a Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM)-based detection system integrated with UAV-mounted terahertz imaging technology to enhance landmine identification efficiency. Leveraging quantum computing principles, QSVM provides improved classification accuracy by optimizing feature separability in high-dimensional spaces. Additionally, terahertz imaging enables remote sensing, reducing operational risks and enhancing detection precision. Experimental findings show that QSVM achieves better precision and recall than traditional classifiers while separating landmines from background noise.. Furthermore, comparative analysis with Quantum K-Means (QK-Means) and Quantum Neural Networks (QNN) underscores the robustness of QSVM in real-world applications. The integration of UAV platforms with quantum-enhanced algorithms offers a scalable, non-invasive, and high-accuracy solution for landmine detection, paving the way for safer and more efficient demining operations
Isolation and molecular Identification of Lead Tolerance Bacteria from Contaminated Soil of Different Mining Site in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
Get PDFABSTRACT
Lead contamination resulting from mining activities pose a significant environmental and health risk. this study focused on the isolation and molecular identification of bacteria exhibiting high tolerance to lead from contaminated soil samples collected from various mining sites in Minna, Niger State. The serial dilution and plating technique was employed to isolate lead tolerance bacteria on nutrient agar. The isolates were screened on nutrient agar supplemented with varying concentration of lead acetate (0.2 -1.0mg/ml) for lead tolerant determination. The isolates lead removal potential was determined using mineral salt medium (MSM) and incubated for 8 days at room temperature. The isolates were characterized based on their morphological, biochemical properties and molecular identification using 16S RNA gene sequence analysis. Four bacterial strains HM1, HM2, HM3 and HM4 were isolated. Bacteria HM3 effectively tolerated lead at various concentrations ranging from 0.2mg/ml - 1.0mg/ml. lead removal potential results showed the potency of HM3 in the reduction of lead on the 8th day with absorbance value of 0.002. Results from the biochemical test, blasting, and phylogenetic analysis showed that bacterial HM3 belongs to bacillus subtilis with 99% maximum identity to this specie. These isolates, particularly HM3 exhibit high tolerance and removal potential, represent potential bioremediation agents for mitigating lead pollution in contaminated soils, offering an eco-friendly approach to environmental clean-up
Phase Transformation and Band Gap Narrowing in Mechanochemically Synthesized Nitrogen-Doped TiO₂ for use in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Get PDFTitanium dioxide (TiO₂) is widely used as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), but its wide band gap (3.0–3.2 eV) restricts absorption to the ultraviolet region, limiting solar energy conversion efficiency. Nitrogen doping has been recognized as an effective strategy to extend the optical response of TiO₂ into the visible spectrum and improve charge separation. In this study, nitrogen-doped TiO₂ (N-TiO₂) nanocrystals were synthesized via a mechanochemical method using high-energy ball milling of commercial TiO₂ (P25) in ammonium hydroxide solution. Structural and surface analyses were carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XRD results revealed that the synthesized samples consisted mainly of anatase and rutile phases, with mechanical energy promoting a partial transformation of brookite to rutile. XPS confirmed the incorporation of nitrogen into the TiO₂ lattice, showing distinct Ti–N and Ti–O–N bonding states. The incorporation of nitrogen decreased the band gap and expanded the spectral response of TiO₂ into the visible-light region, while also enhancing oxygen adsorption and reducing charge recombination. These modifications are expected to improve the photocurrent density and overall photovoltaic performance of N-TiO₂ based DSSCs. The findings highlight mechanochemical synthesis as a simple and effective route for producing visible-light-active N-TiO₂ nanomaterials for next-generation solar energy applications
On the Graph Theoretic Properties of the Inverse-Oder Sum Graph of finite groups: a new Graph Constructed from Inverse and Order Sum
Get PDFThis paper introduces the inverse-order sum graph of the group , , a new graph structure that combines the properties of the inverse graph and the order sum graph. We define the inverse-order sum graph of as a simple graph whose vertices are the elements of , and two distinct vertices are adjacent if either the sum of their orders is greater than or equal to the order of or they are inverses of each other. By combining these two properties, we create a graph that provides a visual representation of the intricate relationships between elements of .We investigate the graph theoretic properties of the inverse-order sum graph of the cyclic group , obtaining results on connectivity, completeness, regularity, vertex degree, and graph size. Findings indicated that for being an odd prime, is connected, not complete, and not regular. Specifically, the vertex degree and the graph size were obtained
Analysis of Food Price Indices and Inflation Rate in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between food price indices and inflation in Nigeria, highlighting the significant impact of food price volatility on inflation and economic stability. Annual data from 2008 to 2024 sourced from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Central Bank of Nigeria was used for the analysis. Descriptive analytical tools, multiple linear regression, and time series models were used for the findings. Results showed that the trend of food was upward from 2021, there was significant reduction in the consumption of meat and dairy as revealed by negative skewness of their price indices and the significant difference from the regression outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of addressing price fluctuations to enhance economic resilience and mitigate rising inflation, particularly in a predominantly agrarian economy like Nigeria
Assessing the Influence of Urban Development Projects on Air Quality Through Carbon Dioxide Monitoring in Kaduna Metropolis
Get PDFUrban development projects are essential for economic growth and infrastructural development; however, they can significantly impact air quality. This study examines the influence of urban renewal on air quality in Kaduna Metropolis from 2002 to 2024, focusing on pre-renewal (before 2019) and post-renewal (2019–2024) air quality conditions. CO₂ concentration data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), a satellite-based atmospheric monitoring system, was utilized. The dataset, obtained in NetCDF format, was processed using Python libraries (xarray and netCDF4) for data extraction and cleaning. Statistical models were applied to assess long-term trends and seasonal variations in CO₂ emissions. Findings indicate a persistent accumulation of CO₂ in lower atmospheric layers likely due to urbanization, vehicular emissions, and industrial activities. Before urban renewal (2002–2018), CO₂ levels exhibited an increasing trend with seasonal fluctuations. During the urban renewal period (2019–2023), air quality showed moderate improvements due to emission reduction measures. However, post-renewal (2024) data reveal that while air quality has improved compared to earlier years, CO₂ levels remain high, emphasizing the need for sustained mitigation efforts. The study concludes that urban renewal projects exacerbated air pollution by increasing CO₂ emissions, it recommends integrating green urban planning strategies, such as afforestation, improved public transportation, and stringent industrial emission controls, to mitigate environmental impacts
Modeling the Dynamics of Corruption in Police and Judiciary Systems Using Fractional Order Differential Equations and the Laplace-Adomian Transform Method
Get PDFThis study develops a model to better understand how corruption spreads within Police and the judiciary, using fractional-order differential equations and the Laplace-Adomian transform method to capture the complex, non-linear nature of corruption. Corruption in these sectors weakens the rule of law, erodes public trust, and stifles socio-economic growth, yet many existing models oversimplify its causes. By considering the memory-dependent nature and delayed effects of interventions, this research offers a more accurate representation of how corruption evolves over time. The findings highlight the importance of early intervention, sustained accountability, and systemic reforms, showing that while short-term policy changes can help, lasting success requires deeper institutional change. External factors like international oversight or whistleblowing can also play a crucial role, though their effectiveness depends on trust in local institutions. This approach provides a more detailed framework for designing targeted anti-corruption strategies within police and judicial systems, offering valuable insights for policymakers and reformers
Assessment of Attitude of Artisanal Fish Farmers Towards the Utilization of Hatchery Production Technologies in Ondo State, Nigeria
Get PDFThe study assessed the attitude of artisanal fish farmers towards hatchery production technologies in Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 90 respondents, selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data analysis involved frequency counts, percentages, and correlation analysis. Findings revealed that 71.1% of respondents were male, while 51.1% were under 40 years old, with a mean age of 43 years. Most farmers (81.2%) had 1–5 years of experience, with an average of five years. The study found that the utilization of hatchery production technologies was relatively high, possibly due to high educational attainment among farmers. Correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between technology utilization and socio-economic factors such as age (P=0.000), sex (P=0.002), marital status (P=0.023), religion (P=0.001), years of experience (P=0.000), income (P=0.000), and farm size (P=0.000). These factors significantly influenced technology adoption. The study concluded that respondents had a favorable attitude toward hatchery technologies. It recommended reintroducing and popularizing underutilized technologies among fish farmers. Regular training and empowerment programs should be implemented to enhance adoption rates. Additionally, environmental pollution in the study area should be effectively managed to improve hatchery productivity and sustainability