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Tindakan Membuka Identitas Pasien Terkonfirmasi Covid-19 oleh Rumah Sakit Berdasarkan Hak Asasi Manusia dan Hukum Pidana
Get PDFHospitals face dilemma concerning covid 19 patient identity. On one side, they are imposed by an obligation to secure the confidentiality of patients with covid 19, but on the other side, they must inform the patient's identity to government. The act of revealing identity of patient with covid 19 taken by the hospital raises debate from human rights perspective and whether it violates the law or not. The normative Juridical method was used to solve this problem through approaches of prevailing law and concepts on human rights in medical ethics and unlawful act. The result showed that revealing a patient's identity with covid 19 based on nonmaleficence principle in bonum commune context can be lawful and fulfill human rights on behalf of covid 19 management. Moreover, based on the penal code, revealing the identity of a patient with covid 19 taken by a hospital is lawful in an emergency setting (noodtoestand).Rumah sakit menghadapi dilema atas identitas pasien Covid-19. Di satu sisi rumah sakit memiliki kewajiban untuk menjamin rahasia medis pasien Covid-19 namun di sisi lain harus menginformasikan identitas pasien Covid-19 kepada pemerintah. Tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh rumah sakit pun menjadi perdebatan dari sisi hak asasi manusia dan perbuatan melawan hukum atau tidak. Metode penelitian yuridis normatif digunakan untuk menjawab persoalan ini melalui pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku dan pendekatan konseptual atas hak asasi manusia dalam etika kedokteran dan perbuatan pidana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 menurut prinsip nonmaleficence dalam konteks bonum commune dapat dibenarkan danmemenuhi hak aasimanusia demi kepentingan penanggulangan pandemi Covid-19. Menurut hukum pidana, tindakan membuka identitas pasien Covid-19 oleh Rumah Sakit merupakan tindakan yang dibenarkan dalam keadaan darurat (noodtoestand)
Detensi Imigrasi Berkepanjangan yang Bertentangan dengan HAM pada Fasilitas Detensi Imigrasi di Jepang: Tinjauan Perspektif Institusional
Get PDFRecently, some cases of human rights violations in immigration detention centers across Japan have attracted worldwide attention. Those inhumanely considered cases necessitated the United Nations expressing an opinion through the United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. This study found that ingrained ideologies of homogeneity in Japanese society give rise to immigration policies that tend to hinder the integration of immigrants into Japanese society. This research looks at three main areas: first, how the ideology of homogeneity led to prolonged immigration detention in Japan; second, whether immigration detention in Japan violates international human rights law; and, finally, the guarantee of human rights protection for detainees in Japan. a qualitative research method using a literature review to describe how ethnic homogeneity causes prolonged immigration detention in Japan that is against international law through an institutional frame.Detensi berkepanjangan di sejumlah fasilitas detensi imigrasi yang tersebar di seluruh Jepang telah menarik perhatian dunia, PBB melalui United Nations Working Group on Arbitrary Detention menyampaikan opini terhadap kasus-kasus pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia yang terjadi akibat detensi berkepanjangan di Jepang. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ideologi homogenitas etnis yang mengakar kuat dalam masyarakat Jepang menghasilkan kebijakan imigrasi yang cenderung menghambat integrasi imigran ke dalam masyarakat Jepang menyebabkan detensi berkepanjangan yang bertentangan dengan HAM. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang tiga masalah yaitu pertama bagaimana homogenitas etnis dapat menyebabkan detensi berkepanjangan di Jepang, kedua apakah detensi imigrasi di Jepang bertentangan dengan hukum Internasional dan ketiga bagaimana jaminan perlindungan HAM bagi deteni. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan kajian literatur dan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaima homogenitas etnis menyebabkan detensi berkepanjangan di Jepang sehingga bertentangan dengan hukum internasional melalui perspektif institusional.
Urgensi Tata Ruang Berbasis Mitigasi Bencana Likuifaksi: Hak Asasi Masyarakat Kabupaten Jember
Get PDFThe potential for high liquefaction in Jember Regency has the potential to take its toll and losses that will interfere with aspects of life as experienced by the Central Sulawesi in 2018. Disaster mitigation efforts are needed that look at the extent to which spatial planning and development in Jember Regency pay attention to liquefaction vulnerabilities. Because the vulnerability of the region itself is a consideration of spatial planning and development. This aricle aims to discuss the extent of the importance of liquefaction mitigation-based spatial planning in Jember in terms of regulations, impacts, and their relation to the fulfillment of the human rights of the people of Jember. The method used is socio-legal. This paper confirms that the regulation of decent and safe housing from liquefaction disasters in Jember is still minimal. In addition, the RTRW and RPJMD Regional Regulations have also not made liquefaction part of the disaster in Jember. However, the urgency of this liquefaction regulation is actually not only about disaster mitigation-based spatial planning but also the fulfillment of the human rights of liquefaction victims, so the government is obliged to regulate it even if there are no specific regulations at the national or local level.Potensi likuifaksi tinggi di Kabupaten Jember berpotensi memakan korban dan kerugian yang akan mengganggu aspek kehidupan sebagaimana yang dialami Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah 2018. Perlu upaya mitigasi bencana yang melihat ulang sejauhmana penataan ruang dan pembangunan di Kabupaten Jember memperhatikan kerentanan likuifaksi. Sebab kerentanan wilayah sendiri merupakan pertimbangan penataan ruang dan pembangunan. Arikel ini bertujuan membahas sejauh mana pentingnya penataan ruang berbasis mitigasi likuifaksi di Jember ditinjau dari segi regulasi, dampak, dan kaitannya dengan pemenuhan hak asasi masyarakat Jember. Metode yang digunakan adalah sosio-legal. Tulisan ini menegaskan bahwa regulasi atas tempat tinggal yang layak dan aman dari bencana likuifaksi di Jember masih minim. Disamping itu, Perda RTRW dan RPJMD juga belum menjadikan likuifaksi bagian dari bencana di Jember. Namun, urgensi pengaturan likuifaksi ini sebetulnya tidak hanya mengenai penataan ruang berbasis mitigasi bencana tetapi juga pemenuhan HAM korban likuifaksi, sehingga pemerintah wajib mengaturnya sekalipun tidak ada peraturan khusus di tingkat nasional ataupun lokal
Peran Kolaboratif Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil mengintegrasikan Nilai-Nilai Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Tata Kelola Bisnis Perkebunan Sawit di Sumatera Utara
Get PDFThis study aims to explore the collaborative effort by the Civil Society Organization (CSO) and its significance to encourage corporations in terms of compliance and implementation of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP), particularly in palm oil plantations in North Sumatra. Integration of human rights values into conducting business activities is mandated by UNGP. Indeed, each of the principal actors of UNGP has a governance system to govern their powers and influences and a so-called polycentric governance system. Therefore, a collaboration strategy for strengthening synergy to implement UNGP is needed. This research is conducted by qualitative analysis method with an exploratory design study by collecting data through interviews and various secondary references related to UNGP and its commentaries and reports on this relevant study. The result indicates that PKPA’s programs enhance the capacity building of the primary stakeholder including people who are potentially affected by the company’s activities. This is the strategic partnership to incorporate UNGP into palm oil plantation business activities. This research recommends that the PKPA’s programs, especially REBOUND can be able to be developed by creating new participative modelsto strengthen the implementation of UNGP, mainly human rights due diligence mechanism and access to effective remedies affected by corporations.Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi upaya kolaboratif Organisasi Masyarakat Sipil (OMS) untuk mendorong akuntabilitas korporasi dalam kepatuhan dan implementasi United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGP), khususnya di sektor bisnis perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara. Integrasi nilai-nilai HAM ke dalam tata kelola bisnis merupakan mandat penting UNGP. Selain itu, masing-masing aktor utama dalam UNGP memiliki basis tata kelola sistematis untuk menjalankan kekuasaan dan pengaruhnya dan dikenal sebagai sistem tata kelola polisentris. Di sinilah pentingnya upaya membangun strategi kolaborasi yang efektif untuk salingmenguatkan taraf implementasiUNGP. Penelitian inimenggunakan analisis metode kualitatif dengan desain kajian eksploratif dan koleksi data berdasarkan wawancara dan ragam data sekunder yang berkaitan dengan UNGP, termasuk komentar dan penafsirannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program-program PKPA mampu mendorong peningkatan kapasitas pemangku kebijakan dalampelibatanmultipihakmenginkorporasiUNGPke dalam aktivitas bisnis. Penelitian inimerekomendasikan program-program Pusat Kajian dan Perlindungan Anak (PKPA), yakni RESBOUND dapat dikembangkan melalui penciptaan model-model partisipatif baru untuk mendukung penguatan implementasi UNGP, terutama penguatan mekanisme uji tuntas HAM dan akses pemulihan yang efektif atas dampak pelanggaran HAM dalam relasi aktivitas bisnis
Fast-Track Legislation Mechanism as an Alternative to the Formation of Legislation in Indonesia
Get PDFThe formation of laws and regulations that take a short time to be formulated may have procedural defects in the process of their formation, such as procedural violations, non-implementation of one or several procedures for their formation and insufficient quality of implementation of the procedures for their formation. Consequently, the legislative process in Indonesia leads to poor conditions, causing problems in the formation of laws and regulations. The practice of making laws and regulations in a short period carried out by the legislature seems to apply the mechanism of fast-track legislation. However, this fast process is not in accordance with the positive law that regulates it. Therefore, the mechanism of fast-track legislation is seen as an alternative to the formation of laws and regulations to prevent the practice of forming bad laws and regulations from being repeated continuously. This research is normative juridical research, with a statutory approach and a comparative law approach. This research journal aims to examine the effectiveness of the fast-track legislation mechanism when used as an alternative to the formation of legislation in Indonesia
Juridical Study on Cooperative Legal Entity Bankruptcy Submissions by Its Member
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic resulted in several cooperatives failing to pay and made many of their members file bankruptcy petitions against their cooperatives, this condition then caused opposition from several parties. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the issue of filing for bankruptcy of a cooperative legal entity by its member with questions: 1) how is the legal construction of Indonesian cooperative bankruptcy, 2) whether the permissibility of filing a bankruptcy petition against cooperatives by its member is in line with the characteristics of Indonesian cooperative legal entities. The method used is normative juridical research. The results show 1) Law no. 37 of 2004 and Law no. 25 of 1992 do not regulate restrictions on legal subjects who can file for bankruptcy against cooperatives. Therefore, the cooperative itself, members of the cooperative, and other creditors have the right to file for bankruptcy against the cooperative. 2) The filing of a petition for bankruptcy of a cooperative by its member (who is a creditor) is not in accordance with the characteristics of Indonesian cooperatives, considering that each of cooperative members is the owners of the cooperative itself and the main basis for the operation of cooperatives is the principles of kinship and democracy. Thus, it is concluded that the filing of a petition for bankruptcy of a cooperative by its member (who has a position as a creditor) is valid but is not in accordance with the characteristics of the legal entity of Indonesian cooperatives. Therefore, the government is advised to review the terms and restrictions on legal subjects who can petition for bankruptcy against cooperatives
Regulasi Regenerasi Petani dalam Konteks Ketahanan Pangan: Sebuah Upaya dan Jaminan Perlindungan Hak Atas Pangan
Get PDFThere is so much recognition that the availability of land, technology, seeds and weather only determines food security. However, evidence suggests that farmer availability has an important role in overcoming food security challenges. Indirectly, guaranteeing the availability of farmers is an important indicator to ensure the right to food. This article aims to discuss how farmer availability and regeneration are related to food security. This article also wants to reflect on how the availability of adequate policies on agricultural sustainability has an important meaning in guaranteeing the right to food. By using normative legal research and Reform Oriented Research, this article will answer several problems. First, how is the relation between farmer regeneration and food security? Second, what is the state’s responsibility to guarantee the right to food? Third, how is the formula of farmer regeneration policies to maintain food security? This article clarifies that farmer availability has a significant influence on food production. This article also finds that the state has an important role in developing agricultural regulations to guarantee food security. At its peak, this article proposes targeted policy support to enable the availability of regulations on farmer regeneration to address food security challenges.Ada begitu banyak pengakuan bahwa ketahanan pangan hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan lahan, teknologi, benih, iklim, dan cuaca. Namun, bukti yang berkembang pesat menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan petani juga memiliki peran penting dalam memenuhi tantangan ketahanan pangan. Secara tidak langsung, jaminan ketersediaan petani juga menjadi indikator penting dalam menilai upaya penjaminan hak atas pangan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas sejauh mana ketersediaan petani dan regenerasinya terkait dengan ketahanan pangan.Artikel ini juga ingin merefleksikan bagaimana ketersediaan regulasi terhadap keberlanjutan pertanian yang memadaimemiliki arti penting dalammenjamin hak atas pangan bagiwarga negara.Denganmenggunakan penelitian hukum normatif yang dikolaborasikan denganmetode Reform Oriented Research, penelitian ini akan menjawab beberapa permasalahan. Pertama, bagaimana keterkaitan antara regenerasi petani dan ketahanan pangan? Kedua, bagaimana tanggung jawab negara dalam menjamin hak atas pangan? Ketiga, bagaimana formulasi regulasi regenerasi petani untuk menjaga asa ketahanan pangan? Artikel ini mengklarifikasi bahwa ketersediaan petani memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap produksi pangan. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa negara memiliki peran penting dalam membangun regulasi pertanian yang dapat menjamin ketahanan pangan. Puncaknya, artikel ini mengusulkan dukungan regulasi yang terarah untuk memungkinkan tersedianya regulasi tentang regenerasi petani untuk menjawab tantangan ketahanan pangan
Juridical Analysis About Cyberbullying Cases by Child Perpetrators Against Child Victims
Get PDFThis study discusses the legal protection of a child victim of cyberbullying and a child perpetrator. This research raised a case where a child with the initial “Z” who became a victim of cyberbullying from her schoolmate with the initial “S”. The research method used is the normative-juridical method: processing legal materials collected through a literature review.This study aims to determine the applicable law (legal protection) against the child victims of cyberbullying, based on Law No.35 of 2014 in conjunction with Law No.11 of 2008. In terms of the child perpetrator of cyberbullying, the criminal justice system of the children must be based on Law No. 11 of 2012.The result shows that “Z”, the child victim of Cyberbullying, has received positive legal protection in Indonesia based on Article 76C of Law 35/2014, and Article 27 paragraph (4) juncto Article 28 paragraph (2) of Law 11/2012. Child “S” who terrorizes Child “Z” via WhatsApp may be subject to criminal sanctions in accordance to Article 80 paragraph (1) of Law 35/2014 juncto Article 45 paragraph (1) and (2) of Law 11/2008 junctis Article 81 of Law 11/2012. This case criminal sanctions can be imposed on Child “S” with Law 11/2012
Pornography in Universalism Perspective: A Freedom Expression?
Get PDFThe issue of the right to freedom of expression and pornography needs to be studied from a human rights perspective in terms of universalism and particularism. Pornography has the potential to have different standards depending on the time and place of a person’s use of clothing and the extent to which the law restricts pornographic behavior. This study aims to unravel pornography and freedom of expression in the digital space from the Perspective of Human Rights Particularism. The research method used is normative legal research. The results reveal that freedom of expression in Indonesia is intertwined with the dimension of human rights particularism, especially Pancasila so all forms of protests that contain pornography disseminated through the digital space are contrast to the value of Indonesian human rights particularism
Legal Protection of Trade Secrets over the Potential Disposal of Trade Secrets Under the Re-Engineering Precautions
Get PDFThe Indonesian Trade Secrets Law Number 30/2000 (ITS Law) postulates exemptions for acts that are not considered infringements to protect trade secrets. One of them is the reverse engineering of other people’s trade secrets. The problem is that the ITS Law does not limit the extent to which reverse engineering can be justified. The absence of these limitations also allows attempts to disclose trade secrets under the pretext of reverse engineering. This problem ultimately results in the absence of legal certainty for the protection against trade secret disclosure, which is the sole responsibility of the trade secret owner. This article aims to re-analyze the protection provided by the ITS Law and examine the extent to which the limitations on reverse engineering can be justified in the ITS Law. This article used normative juridical research methods combined with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. It revealed a paradox in the protection of trade secrets against the possibility of trade secret disclosure. This article concluded that changes are necessary to the ITS Law, specifically by adjusting to the basic principles of IPR protection, limiting the extent to which the reverse engineering of other people’s trade secrets can be justified, and adding a “Good Faith” clause in performing reverse engineering actions