e-Journal Balitbangkumham
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The Problem of Criminalization of Commercial Sexual Workers and Users of Prostitution Services
Get PDFProstitution is a complex problem because it intersects with so many aspects, especially in women’s rights. However, the complexity of the problem is not accompanied by legal certainty of regulations regarding prostitution. This paper aims to find out and understand how the problem of criminalization of prostitutes and users of prostitution services in Indonesia. This research method is normative juridical law research with a concept and legislation approach. Data used secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary materials. The result found is a legal vacuum related to the regulation of prostitution actions so that prostitutes and users of prostitution services often escape the legal snare. The need for criminalization as a countermeasure against users of prostitution services that are key in the practice of prostitution and protecting women’s rights. As well as countermeasures by providing rehabilitation for prostitutes and in them to have skills and not fall back into the vortex of prostitution practices
SIPKUMHAM and The Rise of Digitalization in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights
Get PDFThe use of digital has accelerated after Covid-19 Pandemic which now has turned to the third year. The implementation of digital development is the emergence of digital system in government administrations which is known as Electronic Government. The situation encourages the use of digital government, or more specifically the use of digital system in government administration system or known as E-Government. Digitalization occurs in many areas including in law and human rights. However, the impact of digital acceleration on working procedures at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights becomes the main focus, currently. This article aims to unfold the process of digital acceleration procedures at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, handling law and human rights affairs. In particular this article will discuss the SIPKUMHAM application. In fact, the attachment of digitalization, has been stated by Law and Human Rights Research and Development Agency within the SIPKUMHAM which contains databases regarding to the issues and its control. This study uses empirical juridical research of qualitative approach. We found that databases are needed to make evidence-based policy. The SIPKUMHAM application becomes a research information system that is able to provide factual data in terms of policy recommendations and tangible forms of performance to the Republic of Indonesia.The use of digital has accelerated after Covid-19 Pandemic which now has turned to the third year. The implementation of digital development is the emergence of digital system in government administrations which is known as Electronic Government. The situation encourages the use of digital government, or more specifically the use of digital system in government administration system or known as E-Government. Digitalization occurs in many areas including in law and human rights. However, the impact of digital acceleration on working procedures at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights becomes the main focus, currently. This article aims to unfold the process of digital acceleration procedures at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, handling law and human rights affairs. In particular this article will discuss the SIPKUMHAM application. In fact, the attachment of digitalization, has been stated by Law and Human Rights Research and Development Agency within the SIPKUMHAM which contains databases regarding to the issues and its control. This study uses empirical juridical research of qualitative approach. We found that databases are needed to make evidence-based policy. The SIPKUMHAM application becomes a research information system that is able to provide factual data in terms of policy recommendations and tangible forms of performance to the Republic of Indonesia
Transplantasi Pengaturan Larangan Praktik Female Genital Mutilation melalui Studi Perbandingan Indonesia dengan Mesir
Get PDFEfforts to eliminate and prevent the practice of P2GP/FGM which are considered human rights violations against women are carried out by banning P2GP/FGM in several countries, one of which is Egypt. Meanwhile, there is no regulation or policy to stop P2GP/FGM in Indonesia. Seeing the decline in the prevalence of FGM practices in Egypt, the authors are interested in analyzing the transplantation of P2GP/FGM prohibition settings through a comparative study of Indonesian and Egyptian laws. This research is normative legal research with a conceptual approach and comparative law. Comparative law studies are conducted to get an overview of solutions to the same problems in other countries. The practice of P2GP/FGM in both Indonesia and Egypt is based on ancient traditions and not for medical or religious purposes. The striking difference between the two countries in eliminating FGM practices is the commitment to regulate FGM in legal instruments in their countries. Therefore, in dealing with problems with the same root cause, Indonesia can refer to the same solution, namely by formulating legal instruments regarding P2GP/FGM as a criminal act by carrying out legal transplants adapted to the ideals of the Indonesian legal state.Upaya penghapusan dan pencegahan praktik P2GP/FGM yang dianggap pelanggaran HAM terhadap perempuan, dilakukan dengan pelarangan P2GP/FGM di beberapa negara, salah satunya Mesir. Sedangkan di Indonesia sampai saat ini belum terdapat pengaturan maupun kebijakan untuk menghentikan P2GP/FGM. Melihat penurunan prevalensi praktik FGM di Mesir, penulis tertarik menganalisis transplantasi pengaturan larangan P2GP/FGM melalui studi perbandingan hukum Indonesia dengan Mesir. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perbandingan Hukum. Studi perbandingan hukum dilakukan untuk mendapatkan gambaran solusi atas permasalahan yang sama di negara lain. Praktik P2GP/FGM baik di Indonesia maupun di Mesir merupakan praktik atas dasar tradisi kuno dan bukan untuk kepentingan medis maupun agama. Perbedaan yang mencolok kedua negara dalam penghapusan praktik FGM adalah komitmen pengaturan FGM dalam instrumen hukum di negaranya. Oleh karena itu, dalam menghadapi permasalahan dengan akar masalah yang sama, Indonesia dapat merujuk solusi yang sama, yakni dengan merumuskan instrumen hukum mengenai P2GP/FGM sebagai tindak pidana dengan melakukan transplantasi hukum yang disesuaikan dengan cita negara hukum Indonesia
Tanggung Jawab Negara dalam Pemenuhan Hak Atas Kesehatan Jiwa dihubungkan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia
Get PDFThe frightening global situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has caused various problems related to health conditions, including mental health crisis. The fulfillment of mental health as part of human rights is a logical consequence of the ratification of the International Convention on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights by Indonesia. The State as the duty bearer is obliged to fulfill, protect and respect every existing human right, including the right to health. This research aims to examine the relation between the regulation of the human right to health and the right to mental health and the State’s responsibility through the implementation of the fulfillment of mental health rights. The method used is doctrinal legal research. The result of the analysis found that the mental health right is an integrated part of the right to health with the main responsibility for fulfilling it is the State’s obligation according to the current constitution. There are several forms of substantial efforts by the State to fulfill it. Those implementation forms require efforts to increase and equalize facilities by the State to fulfill mental health right maximally.Situasi global yang mengkhawatirkan akibat kehadiran pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan bagi umat manusia terkait kondisi kesehatan, salah satunya adalah krisis kesehatan jiwa. Pemenuhan kesehatan jiwa sebagai bagian dari hak asasi manusia adalah konsekuensi logis diratifikasinya Konvensi Internasional tentang Hak Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya oleh Indonesia. Negara sebagai pemangku kewajiban diwajibkan untuk memenuhi, melindungi, dan menghormati setiap hak asasi yang ada, termasuk hak asasi kesehatan. Tujuan analisis adalah untuk menelaah bagaimana pengaturan hak asasi atas kesehatan serta kaitannya dengan hak atas kesehatan jiwa serta bagaimana tanggung jawab negara melalui implementasi pemenuhan hak kesehatan jiwa. Tipologi analisis riset yang diaplikasikan adalah penelitian hukum doktrinal. Hasil penelitian didapati bahwa hak sehat jiwa merupakan bagian integral dari hak atas kesehatan dengan pertanggungjawaban utama akan pemenuhannya merupakan kewajiban negara menurut ius constitutum serta didapati terdapat beberapa bentuk upaya konkret yang dilakukan oleh Negara dalam rangka pemenuhan hak asasi tersebut. Beberapa implementasi tersebut tetap memerlukan upaya peningkatan dan pemerataan fasilitas oleh negara demi terpenuhinya hak kesehatan jiwa secara maksimal
Keadilan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Aksi Kamisan di Indonesia
Get PDFThe study aims to analyze “Thursday’s struggle for action” in seeking justice for human rights. This research is a type of descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Techniques used to collect data uses observations, interviews, and searches of documents and archives. The subject of this study is a “Thursday Action” and determination of the study subject using Purposive. This study shows the struggle of the victims’ families who never get tired, showing their longing related to the clarity provided by the government. Komnas HAM has recommended that there have been human rights violations against various cases of disappearances and acts of violence. There are indications that the perpetrators of human rights violations are not ordinary people. The state’s commitment to resolving cases of human rights violations is a key variable in resolving stalled cases in the Attorney General’s Office.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perjuangan aksi kamisan dalam mencari keadilan terhadap hak asasi manusia. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data menggunakan observasi (pengamatan), wawancara, dan penelusuran dokumen serta arsip. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan Aksi Kamisan dan penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan Purposive. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan perjuangan para keluarga korban yang tidak pernah lelah, menunjukan kerinduan mereka berkaitan dengan kejelasan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Komnas HAM telah merekomendasikan bahwa telah terjadi pelanggaran hak asasi manusia terhadap berbagai kasus penghilangan orang dan tindak kekerasan. Ada indikasi bahwa pelaku pelanggaran hak asasi manusia merupakan bukan orang biasa. Komitmen negara untuk menyelesaikan kasus pelanggaran hak asasi manusia merupakan variabel kunci dalam menuntaskan kasus yang macet di Kejaksaan Agung
Public Participation after the Law- Making Procedure Law of 2022
Get PDFConstitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 affects Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. More than that, the Constitutional Court’s decision seems to portray the fundamental problems of the law-making process that must be corrected immediately. These problems are, first, the Omnibus method in Law no. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislation. Second, procedural error and a change in the text after the mutual agreement. Third, ignoring meaningful public participation in the formation of laws. This research will focus on correcting the Constitutional Court to the process of law formation to prioritize meaningful participation, not just a mere formality. The legislators then followed up the Constitutional Court’s notes by revising Law no. 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Legislation for the second time become Law no. 13 of 2022, one of the substances of which is to change the provisions of Article 96, which contains the regulation of public participation in the formation of laws. The formulations of the problem raised in this study are: what is the meaning of meaningful public participation in the construction of rules based on the Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, and what is the ideal arrangement in Law no. 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislations to accommodate meaningful participation in the formation of laws. This study found that Law no. 13 of 2022 cannot accommodate meaningful participation because it is still a right and not an obligation. Then legislators must create information technology-based tools that help increase meaningful participation in law-making
Corrections (Pemasyarakatan) after Law Number 22 of 2022: New Principles and Policy Identification Regarding the Functions of Probation and Parole Offices
Get PDFThe enactment of Law Number 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections (Pemasyarakatan), which replaces the previous Law Number 12 of 1995, significantly changes the implementation of Correctional functions, mainly the functions carried out by Probation and Parole Offices. If in the 1995 Law Corrections is only referred to as the final part of the Criminal Justice System, the new Law emphasizes the position of Corrections which are more integrated with the entire criminal justice process, so that Correctional functions are carried out at the pre-adjudication, adjudication, and post-adjudication stages. This amendment to the law is also interesting to be studied conceptually, especially to find out what principles are contained in it that form the basis for implementing the functions of Corrections. In line with this, it is also essential to identify what kind of policy changes should be carried out regarding the functions of Probation and Parole Offices in the future with the existence of new principles and differences of provisions in terms of the implementation of corrections functions. By using conceptual analysis methods, particularly policy detection analysis, which is technically carried out in two stages; first, the analysis stage of the content of the law and second, the theoretical coherence analysis stage, this paper comes to two conclusions. First, this paper finds an affirmation of new principles in Law Number 22 of 2022, namely the principle of restorative reintegration, the principle of evidence-based treatments, the principle of individualization, the principle of continuity, and the principle of collaboration. Second, this paper identifies 5 (five) policy changes that need to be made regarding the function of the Probation and Parole Office according to those principles. The policies that must be implemented can be divided into three groups—first, the need for further operationalization of the restorative reintegration concept described by this law. Second, the need for reformulation of various instruments needed in implementing functions, especially social inquiry reports. Third, the need for facilitative strengthening, especially the quantity and quality of probation and parole officers and other facilitative supports
Expansion of the Discretion Concept Reviewed from Legal Anti-Positivism
Get PDFThe terms of discretion have been determined finitely in Article 24 of Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. However, the requirement “not contrary to the provisions of the legislation” was removed after the issuance of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This paper examines 3 (three) circumstances related to discretion. First, how is the concept of discretion viewed from the government administration? Second, how is the concept of discretion viewed from the school of legal anti-positivism? Third, what are the parameters of the validity of discretion based on the legislation? This study used a normative juridical method with a statutory, conceptual, and philosophical approach to analyze the norm and concept of discretion. The results of the study indicate that in the administrative field, discretion may be contrary to the provisions of the legislation if there is stagnation of government and it is intended for the public interest. Such a concept departs from a critique of legal positivism which leads to many subsequent ideologies including utilitarianism, legal realism to CLS. The parameters of the validity of discretion are formal legitimacy consisting of authority and procedures as well as material legitimacy. This research suggests that there is a need for heightening the control mechanism for the issuance of discretion through the superiors of the administration officials concerned
Procedural Justice or Substantive Justice: Review of Constitutional Court Decision Number: 91/Puu/Xviii/2020
Get PDFThe formal test application of the Omnibus Law of Job Creation through the Constitutional Court Decision Number:91/PUU-XVIII/2020, in its statement the Constitutional Court declared its unconstitutional conditional. The Constitutional Court decision was made because considering the need to balance the formal and the strategic objectives of the establishment of the Job Creation Law, the formal condition is procedural justice while the strategic objective is substantive justice. The decision raised the question of whether the verdict was oriented to procedural justice or substantive justice. Research question of the study was what is the Orientation of Justice of the Constitutional Court Decision Number:91/PUU-XVIII/2020? This study is on normative law research. The postpositvism paradigm used a qualitative approach through the in concreto study of and court behaviour. The results of the study are the Constitutional Court Decision Number:91/PUU-XVIII/2020 through its considerations, opinions and verdicts in the main application oriented to procedural justice. It can be concluded that The Decree of Constitutional Court Decision Number:91/PUU-XVIII/2020 is oriented to procedural justice. The study recommends, in line with the principle of justice of John Rawls, the basic legal values of Gustav Radbruch and the social justice value of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, formal test on Omnibus Law of Kob Creation should have been rejected, and made substantive justice orientation of the Constitutional Court Decision Number:91/PUU-XVIII/2020
Conjugal Visit: Juridical Review of the Fulfillment of Inmates’ Rights in the Correctional Perspective
Get PDFImprisonment as a loss of independence should only limit the inmates’ freedom of movement in a correctional institution. This interpretation rises a discourse that the fulfillment of other rights of inmates must be guaranteed, including the right to fulfill their sexual needs. A term that is known globally in order to fulfill this right is called a conjugal visit. This study seeks to describe the urgency and prospects of conjugal visit for inmates in Indonesia. In addition, this study aims to provide an overview of the arrangement and implementation of conjugal visit. This legal research was normative legal research supported by the results of interviews with resource persons. The data obtained from the literature research were analyzed descriptive-qualitatively with a legal systematic approach and legal comparison. The results of this study indicate that sexual needs are one of the human rights. They are the inmates’ basic needs that must be fulfilled. The failure to fulfill these basic needs will have a negative impact both physically and psychologically. Based on the theory of basic human needs, the rules of international law, namely the Nelson Mandela Rules and the Bangkok Rules, as well as national law, namely the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, conjugal visit can actually be implemented in Indonesia with clear legal bases in Indonesian law. Establishment of regulations regarding conjugal visit is done by comparing practices in other countries and aligned withn the Legal System Theory. These countries have similar backgrounds to Indonesia and have implemented conjugal visit, namely Pakistan, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia