e-Journal Balitbangkumham
Not a member yet
556 research outputs found
Sort by
Three Arguments to Support International Binding Treaty on Business and Human Rights
Get PDFThe development of the promotion and protection of human rights, in general, has been gladdening. However, in instances where human rights are affected by business activity, efforts to uphold them meet certain obstacles. This is exacerbated when the business activity involves a complex and international dimension in it—i.e., in the case of multinational enterprises. This paper provides three arguments to support the establishment of international binding treaty on business and human rights. It examines the current Corporate Social Responsibility platform, state responsibility to protect human rights, and also the importance and benefits of legally binding treaty. This research found that the implementation of the current CSR platform fails to prevent business harm to human rights. Therefore, state responsibility is fundamental in this matter and should be enhanced by the duty to establish an international treaty. A legally binding treaty is important to protect human rights from irresponsible business activity and can be beneficial and relevant to the interest of parties involved in business and human rights
The Challenges of the Indonesian Government in Eliminating Gender Bias Practices: The Perspective of Kinship Systems in Indigenous Peoples and Regulations
Get PDFGender bias is a condition that indicates the existence of a preference for one of the socially and culturally constructed traits inherent in men and women. Gender differences in treatment harm certain genders. The losses mentioned are related to family and social status contexts. This paper is a normative study using a normative-legal approach, focusing on legal discrimination and observing gender practices in regulation through indigenous kinship systems and literature research. This paper aims to examine gender bias practices, and government efforts to prevent and overcome gender bias practices in Indonesia. Sexist practices are found in Indigenous peoples’ lives, regulations, and government policies. Government efforts to prevent and control include ratification of international regulations and ratification in the form of legal instruments. However, other measures are needed from a prevention perspective such as: Political involvement of governments in socialization in the form of an improved understanding of indigenous peoples, the revision of rules that may lead t
Measuring The Effectiveess of Consumer Dispute Resolution on Small Value E-Commerce Transaction
Get PDFThe development of very advanced information technology has changed the pattern of trade carried out by the community. Buying and selling are no longer only carried out directly with the meeting of sellers and buyers in certain places, but can be performed from anywhere with the help of information technology. E-commerce or trade conducted online is growing very rapidly from day to day and has become a lifestyle for people, especially in urban areas. In addition to having a positive impact, e-commerce also has a negative impact, because the laws governing it have not developed as fast as these trading practices. One of the problems is related to the existing settlement institutions. Existing institutions are seen as not being able to properly accommodate consumer disputes that arise. The dispute resolution available is considered conventional and has not accommodated disputes that arise, especially for claims of small value, which make up the majority of the online trading section. In connection with the above description, a research was conducted. The question in this study is how effective is the dispute resolution agency currently available, especially for e-commerce disputes of small value. This research was conducted with a normative juridical method. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the existing dispute resolution institutions cannot be said to be effective, especially in consumer disputes of small value, adequate dispute resolution for claims of small value arising from online buying and selling. From the results of the research, recommendations are given to form existing dispute resolution institutions, especially BPSK, to increase their role and capacity so that they can accommodate small-value disputes quickly and at low cos
The Regulatory Status Analysis for Updating the Public Legal Awareness on Human Rights in Indonesia
Get PDFThis study contends that quantitative empirical legal research is instrumental in enhancing comprehension of public legal awareness regarding the implementation of human rights protection in Indonesia. Utilizing Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), the study offers a flexible framework to explore the relationship between human rights ideals and key elements of the legal system as research variables. This research constitutes a literature review emphasizing the significance of empirical quantitative methods, particularly through the development of a path model termed Regulatory Status Analysis. In the proposed model, justice, certainty, and expediency are posited as independent variables representing fundamental legal ideals, while substantive law and legal structure serve as mediating variables within the legal framework. Through empirical testing, the path model elucidates the intricate connections among these variables, focusing on their impact on public awareness and compliance with legal norms safeguarding human rights. Findings indicate that substantive law significantly enhances awareness of legal obligations, whereas the influence of legal structure is minimal, possibly due to perceived inadequacies in enforcing laws against human rights violations. These empirical insights underscore the imperative of developing a robust human rights legal framework conducive to effective implementation and enforcement. By informing national and global legal scholarship, this research aims to guide policy-makers in refining legal systems that promote public awareness, compliance, and protection of human rights
Upaya Perlindungan Anak terhadap Perkara Hadhanah
Get PDFThe hadhanah often lead to problems regarding law enforcement and the protection of children. The hadhanah case after being decided by the judge turned out to have no executive power when hadhin or hadhinah who had the obligationand responsibility to fulfill hadhanah financing could not implement it. This study aims to determine the efforts that can be made to protect children, especially against hadhanah problems from the perspective of Law Number 35 of 2014. The nature of this research is descriptive and the type of research is normative juridical, with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. Data collection was done by conducting literacy studies, and analyzing qualitatively. The results of the study found a form of legal protection for children as the executorial power against hadhanah case decision based on Law Number 35 of 2014.Problematika hadhanah banyak berujung kepada masalah tentang penegakan hukum dan perlindungan terhadap anak. Perkara hadhanah setelah diputuskan oleh hakim ternyata tidak mempunyai kekuatan eksekutorial di mana saat hadhin atau hadhinah yang mempunyai beban dan tanggung jawab untuk memenuhi pembiayaan hadhanah tidak dapat melaksanakannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk melindungi anak khususnya terhadap masalah hadhanah dalam perspektif UU Nomor 35 Tahun 2014. Sifat penelitian ini deskriptif dan jenis penelitiannya yuridis normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute appoach) dan konseptual (conceptual approach). Pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan studi literasi, dan penganalisisan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagai kekuatan eksekutorial dari putusan perkara hadhanah dalam Undang-undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014
Covid-19 Mitigation Strategy in Higher Education Institutions: A Qualitative Study at Indonesian Immigration and Correctional Science Colleges
Get PDFCovid-19 Pandemic is a global issue affecting higher education institutions, including colleges for future government officials like the Polytechnics of Correctional Science and the Polytechnics of Immigration. To present a research article regarding this issue, the qualitative method and the interview technique were used for this purpose. The data were collected based on interviews with actors involved in mitigating Covid-19 in those Polytechnics. As the result of interviews, several strategies for Covid-19 mitigation are obtained. They include strengthening the role of leadership in finding solutions in uncertain conditions, campus zoning, providing quarantine and self-isolating facilities, conducting tracing, testing, treatment, and other health protocols. In addition, the Covid-19 mitigation strategies also include implementing virtual learning methods during pandemics and providing access to anti-virus medicines, vitamins, and other kinds of supplements for employees and students. The campus management also conducts mitigation strategies by accompanying students during isolation, educating students and staff about self-protection from the virus, establishing a campus task force to organize mitigation activities, and also conducting coordination with other stakeholders. Overall, the research shows that the Covid-19 mitigation strategy in Poltekim and Poltekip campuses is quite effective. However, improvements in several areas are needed in the future. Regarding the strategy for Covid-19 mitigation in higher education institutions, the authors recommend several proper prevention strategies such as increasing the number of rooms and facilities to accommodate classes with health protocols and agreeing on a common perception among stakeholders about the learning, coaching, and methods of treatment in these colleges.
Principles of Selective Immigration Policy in Relation to Visa Free Entry for Tourism Purposes
Get PDFTourism has an important role in enhancing the economic growth of a country. As a country with growing tourism industry, Indonesia is trying to increase foreign tourist visits by rolling out a visa-free policy. However, the visa-free policy has not yet fully provided benefits. In practice, this policy triggers the occurrence of transnational and international crimes, the rise of illegal foreign workers and the large number of foreigners who abuse their residence permits. The purpose of this research is to analyze the visa-free policy from the perspective of selective policy theory. The research method is normative legal research with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of the study show that the visa-free policy as contained in Presidential Regulation Number 21 of 2016 is not fully based on the theory of selective policy. In conclusion, the visa-free policy cannot be implemented optimally because the formulation of this policy does not represent the theory of selective policy. Consequently, the implementation of visa-free policy generates various matters that have an adverse impact on Indonesia. In order to overcome this problem, it is urgent to evaluate and improve the visa-free policy and to make this policy truly based on the theory of selective policy. Thus, the visa-free policy will be very selective in choosing and determining countries that can receive a visa-free policy
Peran Mahkamah Konstitusi Federal Jerman dalam Perlindungan Hak Fundamental Warga Negara berdasarkan Kewenangan Pengaduan Konstitusional
Get PDFThe research focuses on the role of the constitutional complaint authority of the German Constitutional Court (Bundesverfassungsgericht/ BVerfG). The research question is how do BVerfG’s system and role protect citizens’ fundamental rights? The research aims to know the system (urgency, regulations) and the role/ performance of BVerfG in carrying out its authority. This research is normative legal research with regulation and case approach. The results show that BVerfG has received 240,251 (98%) cases from 1951 - 2020 (6,000 cases per year), with a successful application rate of approximately 2% of the total decisions. This paper discusses three cases regarding the decision-related global supervision, the prohibition of wearing the hijab in a legal traineeship, and the case of the European Central Bank/ECB’s asset purchase program. BVerfG shows that there is the best role in protecting the fundamental rights of citizens from court decisions that violate fundamental rights. The best practices of the BVerfG are recognition and reference in arranging the Constitutional Court in other countries from the Continental European and Anglo-Saxon legal systems. For Indonesia, it becomes a reference in adding the constitutional complaint authority to the Indonesian Constitutional Court in the future.Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peran pengaduan konstitusional Mahkamah Konstitusi Jerman (Bundesverfassungsgericht/ BVerfG). Pertanyaan penelitiannya adalah bagaimana sistem dan peran BVerfG dalam memberikan perlindungan hak fundamental warga negara? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui sistem (urgensi, pengaturan) dan peran/ kinerja BverfG dalam menjalankan kewenangannya secara komprehensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang- undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BVerfG telah menerima 240.251 (98%) kasus pengaduan konstitusional sejak tahun 1951 – 2020 (6.000 kasus per tahun), dengan tingkat keberhasilan (putusan dikabulkan) sekitar kurang lebih 2% dari total putusan. Berdasarkan tiga kasus yang dianalisis yaitu putusan terkait pengawasan global, larangan pemakaian jilbab dalam legal traineeship, dan kasus the European Central Bank/ ECB’s asset purchase program menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2020, BVerfG melaksanakan peran yang baik dalam perlindungan hak fundamental warga negara dari putusan pegadilan yang melangar hak fundamental. Selain itu, peran yang baik juga dibuktikan dengan pengakuan negara lain yang menjadikannya sebagai rujukan dalam menata praktek Mahkamah Konstitusi di negaranya, baik yang menganut sistem hukum Eropa Kontinental maupun Anglo-Saxon. Bagi Indonesia, tentu menjadi referensi dalam penambahan kewenangan pengaduan konstitusional bagi Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia ke depan
Dilema Hak Atas Pekerjaan dalam Kebijakan Pasar Tenaga Kerja Fleksibel
Get PDFThe right to work demands the role of the State in its fulfillment but the development of a flexible labor market poses a dilemma for the state in fulfilling the right to work. This study was conducted by using a normative type of research that examines the right to work in a flexible labor market using a statutory approach. In Indonesia, the flexible labor market is embodied in the Job Creation Act, which describes the state’s dilemmatic position in carrying out its duties for the right to work. Against this dilemmatic position, the state prioritizes job creation over the feasibility of the jobs created. Based on this research, the author outlines the importance of a holistic approach in viewing human rights in the legislation process. So that the availability of work and the feasibility of work are not placed separately. This is because indecent work places the degree of human beings, who are trying to be protected by human rights, in a vulnerable position.Hak atas pekerjaan menuntut peran Negara dalam pemenuhannya, namun kehadiran pasar tenaga kerja fleksibel telah menimbulkan dilema bagi negara dalam pemenuhan hak atas pekerjaan yang menjadi tanggung jawabnya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif yang menelaah hak atas pekerjaan di dalam pasar tenaga kerja fleksibel dengan menggunakan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Di Indonesia, pasar tenaga kerja fleksibel mewujud dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja yang menggambarkan posisi dilematis negara dalam menjalankan tanggungjawabnya terhadap hak atas pekerjaan. Terhadap posisi dilematis ini, negara mendahulukan terciptanya lapangan kerja dibandingkan dengan kelayakan pekerjaan yang diciptakan. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, terkuak pentingnya pendekatan holistik dalam memandang hak asasi manusia. Sehingga antara ketersediaan pekerjaan dan kelayakan pekerjaan tidak diletakkan secara terpisah. Hal ini dikarenakan pekerjaan yang tidak layak, menempatkan derajat manusia yang dilindungi oleh hak asasi manusia dalam posisi yang rentan
Law Enforcement of Unregistered Marriage Practices in Indonesia Lawrence Meir Friedman’s Legal Effective Perspective
Get PDFUnregistered marriage is an endless problem with non-optimal law enforcement. Meanwhile, the massive impact of unregistered marriage is dangerous and this practice is not committed by one or two people but involves many parties. This research aims to describe parties involved in unregistered marriages and their respective roles. In addition, it provides information regarding unregistered marriage regulations and sanctions and determines law enforcement for the parties involved. This normative research used case approach and statutory approach. The data collection technique is documentation and the analysis technique is deductive and inductive. The results of this study found several parties involved in unregistered marriages. These parties are: first, main actors such as illegal rulers, husbands, and wives or marriage guardians. Second, parties who participate, such as marriage witnesses, brokers, and jockeys. Unregistered marriages are regulated in chapter 1 paragraph (2), chapter 3 paragraphs (1 and 2) of Law no. 32/1954 concerning the enactment of Law no. 22 of 1946 concerning registration of marriages, divorces, and reconciliation in all regions outside Java and Madura, the sanctions are contained in chapter 4 and chapter 45 paragraph (1) letter (a) PP No. 9/1975 concerning the Implementation of Law no. 1/1974 on marriage. Law enforcement against the perpetrators of unregistered marriages has not been optimal