Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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可應用於咖啡園田間之省工機械與管理系統
No full text咖啡栽培管理項目包含整枝、施肥、雜草防治、病蟲害管理及清園等項目，因咖啡栽培管理尚未建立一系列的機具應用體系，所以本文收集可供應用於咖啡園田間管理之現有機械資料，介紹說明手持式電動樹枝剪、小型自走式施肥撒布機、鼓風式噴藥機、雜草處理機械、散置式樹枝打碎機、投入式粉碎機等機械特性與原理，另防範咖啡果小蠹擴張，本文蒐集背負式吸塵器資料，未來可試驗作為咖啡田間落果檢拾機具。在田間資訊管理方面，配合農業試驗所發展之LoRa無線通訊設備，可進行監測數據資料的採集，做為田間管理資料庫或讓農友能即時觀測咖啡園各項狀況
Field Verification of Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria in Central Taiwan
No full text本試驗評估溶磷菌對青花菜及玉米生育之肥功效，其中施用半量化學磷肥用量加施溶磷菌 (Bacillus subtilis)，青花菜花球鮮重較施用全量化學磷肥、半量化學磷肥重，而於不施磷肥條件下單施溶磷菌，並無法發揮溶磷菌功能而提高花球鮮重。基肥施用牛糞堆肥條件下，不施磷肥搭配澆灌溶磷菌液，其花球鮮重較不施堆肥處理者可增加116.7 g，溶磷菌於基肥施用堆肥條件下，更具施用效果。另，評估基肥施用3 種有機質肥料分別搭配澆灌高養分含量之溶磷菌 (Bacillus safensis) 商品 (MH)、低養分含量之溶磷菌 (Bacillus licheniformis) 商品 (ML) 及不額外澆菌處理，對甜玉米生長之影響。基肥施用羽毛堆肥 (F) 其玉米穗重較基肥施用牛糞堆肥 (COW) 及菜籽粕 (Rap) 處理組佳，且彼此間達顯著差異。其中，額外施用溶磷菌皆可顯著提高玉米穗重、粒重及糖度。基肥施用牛糞堆肥處理組，玉米穗重及粒重以施用MH 商品最重、施用ML 商品次之，不施用溶磷菌最差；基肥施用羽毛堆肥之玉米穗重以施用MH 商品最重，而施用ML 商品及不施溶磷菌，彼此間無顯著差異，然而，施用MH 及ML 皆可較不施溶磷菌處理組，顯著提高玉米粒重；基肥施用菜籽粕處理組，施用MH 及ML 商品皆可提高玉米穗重，而施用MH 商品對提高玉米粒重效果較為顯著。
In this experiment, the beneficial effects of applying phosphate-solubilizing bacterium, PSB (Bacillus subtilis) in broccoli growth was implemented. Under the condition of applying half amounts of chemical phosphorous fertilizer (CP), drench PSB can significantly increase the fresh weight of flower ball compared with applying full or half amount of CP without applying PSB. However, only drench PSB without applying CP had no beneficial effect in increasing fresh weight of flower ball. Under the condition of applying cow dung compost as base fertilizer, drench PSB without applying CP can increase 116.7 g of fresh flower ball compared with the one without applying cow dung compost. In another experiment, we try to understand the effects of applying three organic fertilizers used as base fertilizer combined with drench of PSB (Bacillus safensis) with high nutrient content (MH) or PSB (Bacillus licheniformis) with low nutrient content (ML) in sweet maize production. The ear weight planted in soil with feather compost as base fertilizer was significant heavier than planted in soil with cow dung compost or rapeseed meal. No matter what kind of organic fertilizer was applied, additional applying the MH or ML can increase ear weight, grain weight and TSS. In the situation of applying cow dung compost as base fertilizer, the fresh weight of ear and grain from heavy to light was in the order by applying MH, ML and no applying PSB. Applying feather compost as base fertilizer, the ear weight was highest by applying MH but the grain weight can also be increased by applying the ML. Applying rapeseed meal as base fertilizer, both applying the MH or ML can increase ear weight but only applying the MH can significantly increase grain weight
Colloidal silver-based lateral flow immunoassay for rapid detection of melamine in milk and animal feed
No full textAn immunosilver chromatographic strip based on a monoclonal antibody was developed for the detection of melamine (MEL) residues in milk and animal feed. Colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), of a diameter of approximately 10.4 nm, were surface-modified with trisodium citrate dehydrate (TSC) in order to improve their stability and dispersion. The anti-MEL monoclonal antibody (mAb) was successfully immobilized on the surface of AgNPs by ionic interactions and characterized using XRD, UV-Vis, TEM and XPS analyses. Surface modification of Ag-mAb conjugates with varying cross-reactivity and thermo-stability was employed to design and prepare labels for use in a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) to examine whether these factors affect the performance of the assay. The results showed that no cross-reactions with homologues cyanuric acid, ammeline or ammelide were found, and the test strip remained stable after storage for one year at room temperature. Under optimized conditions, a detection limit of 0.30 ppm for standard melamine was achieved, and limits of detection of 0.750 ppm and 0.875 ppm were obtained in milk and animal feed, respectively
(69(1): 77-89)Identification and Detection of Plumeria mosaic virus Infecting Desert Rose (Adenium obesum)
No full text2013 年高雄「大紅花」沙漠玫瑰，疑似病毒感染，經單斑接種於奎藜 (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)，分離得到一個病毒純系的分離株DR-TW。經免疫分析顯示此分離株與雞蛋花嵌紋病毒 (Frangipani mosaic virus; FrMV) 及番茄嵌紋病毒 (Tomato mosaic virus; ToMV) 等菸草嵌紋病毒屬 (Tobamovirus) 的病毒抗體有交互反應。汁液接種番杏、紅藜 (Chenopodium amaranticolor Coste et Reyn)、奎藜、綠藜 (Chenopodium murale L.)、千日紅 (Gomphrena globosa L.) 及曼陀羅後都呈局部病斑，菸草、雞蛋花及沙漠玫瑰植株則形成系統性嵌紋，
但對辣椒、番茄等茄科植物的病原性及致病力均弱於ToMV。以菸草嵌紋病毒屬廣效性引子對TobRT up1/TobRT do2 進行反轉錄-聚合酶連鎖反應 (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR)，增幅出568 bp 的核酸片段。經定序後與GenBank 中的核苷酸序列進行比對，結果顯示沙漠玫瑰台灣分離株 (DR-TW) 與緬梔嵌紋病毒 (Plumeria mosaic virus; PluMV) 的相同度高達98%。進行DR-TW 基因體定序，得核苷酸全長6,683 bp (GenBank accession number KX881422)，共轉錄出188.3 kDa 及130.4 kDa 的複製酶、28.7 kDa 的移動蛋白及19.0 kDa 的鞘蛋白。設計PluMV 專一性引子對 (PLuMVcp-up/PLuMVcp-dw)，經RT-PCR 可增幅出PluMV 的核酸片段643 bp，其他8 個供試菸草嵌紋病毒屬病毒則無。配合FrMV 專一性引子對FrMVcp-up/FrMVcp-dw，以RT-PCR 即可鑑別FrMV 及PluMV。
A diseased sample of desert rose (Adenium obesum) cv. Dahuahua showing virus-like symptom was found in Kaohsiung in 2013. The pure virus isolate (DR-TW) was obtained by inoculation to Chenopodium quinoa through single lesion transfer. Immunoassay showed that the isolate interacted crossly with the other tobamoviruses, including Frangipani mosaic virus (FrMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), etc. After sap inoculation, local lesions were developed on leaves of Tetragonia tetragonioides, Chenopodium amaranticolor, Chenopodium quinoa, Chenopodium murale, Gomphrena globosa and Datura stramonium; and systematic mosaic was showed on plants of Nicotiana benthamiana, frangipani and desert rose. However, the pathogenicity and virulence of DR-TW was milder than ToMV to tomatoes, peppers and eggplants. A pair of tobamovirus broad-spectrum primers (TobRT up1/TobRT do2) were applied in RT-PCR to amplify a nucleic acid fragment with 568 bp. Sequence alignment revealed that the RT-PCR fragment shared more than 98% identity with Plumeria mosaic virus (PluMV) but only 73% with FrMV. Another primers were designed and used for analysis of complete genome. The full length of genomic nucleotides with 6,683 bp was determined and deposited in GenBank under accession number KX881422. A total of 188.3 kDa and 130.4 kDa of replicates, 28.7 kDa of movement protein and 19.0 kDa of coat protein, were transcribed. A pair of PluMV-specific primers (PLuMVcp-up/PLuMVcp-dw) were designed to amplify a fragment of 643 bp nucleotides by RT-PCR, by which PluMV was detectable and could be distinguished from other tobamoviruses. The FrMV specific primers (FrMVcp-up/FrMVcp-dw) were also applied to differentiate the FrMV from PluMV by RT-PCR
(69(1): 46-64)Molecular Characterization of the Telosma mosaic virus Passionfruit Isolates and the Development and Application of Its Wide-Spectrum Molecular Detection Techniques
No full text本研究以細菌生合成系統誘導表現之夜香花嵌紋病毒 (Telosma mosaic virus; TeMV) 鞘蛋白 (coat protein; CP) 作為抗原，製備出具有廣效檢測TeMV、East Asian passiflora virus (EAPV)、Cowpea aphid borne mosaic virus (CABMV)、Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) 及Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) 等馬鈴薯Y 屬病毒之多元抗體
Preliminary Studies on. Jute Stem Weevil (Anion sp.) in Taiwan
No full text黃麻象鼻蟲（Apion Sp.）為本省黃麻一種新害蟲，民國50年及民國51年在嘉義地區猖獗發生，嚴重損害黃麻纖維，蒴果及葉部，為防止本蟲繼續蔓延及有效防治計，對本害蟲作一初步研究以供各界參考。
Jute stem weevil (Apion sp.) has not yet been described before on this island. It was discovered at Shui-Shang area in 1960, and has become one of the most serious insect pests of jute seed collection field during 1960-1962. In order to explain to farmers understanding about this insect, the several items including morphology, damage. occurence areas and discussison of control, are preliminarily reported in this paper
Studies on Io1ates of Peflicularia filamentosa (Pat.) Rogers Obtained From the Same Field
No full text同一田間自3種不同纖維作物分離而得Pellicularia filamentosa之4菌株，RSC、RSK、RSK-1、RSK-2，其菌株間之病原性強弱，菌絲直徑及培養性狀均不相同。4菌株中病原性強之菌株，生長較快，菌絲直徑較大，最過宜生長溫度為30℃左右，對黃麻之感染時期不僅限於幼苗，成株亦可感染；痛原性弱之菌株則恰相反。其病原性順序為RSK-2,RSK-1,RSJ,RSC。
Darning-off, caused by Pellicularia filarnentosa (Pat.) Rogers is the most severe disease affecting the seedlings of various fiber plants. In 1960, Mitsui and Ui reported that they found some isolates of P. filamentosa from a same field
BANANA LACE WING BUG (Stephanitis tyica Distant.)AND ITS CHEMICAL CONTROL STUDY
No full text一、本蟲為近一、二年來在本省中南部香蕉栽培區發現為害於香蕉的害蟲。
二、本蟲係郡集寄生於香蕉葉背，吸收養液，致而被害葉片呈黃誘狀蒼白色，並可引起葉片早期枯萎。寄生於香蕉之葉片背面，但以中老葉蟲口密度最多（20.52%），次為老葉（5.02%），嫩葉最少（0.99%）。
三、其發生密度，南部每株平均大寮為935.2隻，鳳山為411.7隻，林圍為403.0隻，中部雙龍為11.9隻，在月桃上者為10.6隻。
四、藥劑試驗，供試六種殺蟲劑對於香蕉編花編蟲均有優異之殺蟲效果，其殺蟲率均達99%以上
，而以85% Sevin W. P. 之防治效果最好，無論其1,000倍液或1,700倍液，其殺蟲率均達100%。藥劑間之殘效力，亦以85% Sevin W. P. 之效力最長，在施藥後經四週花編蟲均未發現。
Banana Lace Wing Bug (Stephanitis typica Distant.) is found attacking banana plants of banana growing areas in Central and Southern Taiwan recently, and it lives on the under surface of leaf and sucks the sap from the plants, thus turning the leaf into yellowish or white-greyish color and finally the plants withered.
This insect prefers feeding on the mature leaf (20.52%), then the old leaf (5.02%) and the young leaf (0.99%) respectively. The population is much larger in the southern than the central areas. This insect is also found on AlPinia seciosa K. Schumann (Family: Zingiberaceae) on this Island.
The chemical control test of this pest was carried out from November of 1964 to March of 1965 at Fengshan Tropical Horticultural Experiment Station. The insecticides were 60% Diazinon e. c., 50% Sumithion e. c., 85% Sevin w. p., 50% Dieldrin w. p., 45% EPN e. c., and 25% Metasystox i etc., 1:1,000 is in dilution. All the tested insecticides gave the good result in controlling this pest. Among these insecticides 85% Sevin showed the most effective and with longer residual effect for controlling this insect