Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Effects of Pre-Harvest Water Management on Storage Losses of 'Ponkan' Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Fruits
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Experiment on Fruit Thinning in Malatar Chestnut, Pachira Macrocarpa, Schlecht
No full textThe Malabar chestnut tree flowers four times a year, but the main crop is produced from the flowers of the first, period. Fruits harvested from the other three periods are not only few in number but also containing a lower percentage of well-developed kernels. in addition, typhoons occur frequently during the blossoming and the fruiting seasons of the second and the third, periods and thus decrease the percentage of setting and increase the number of shedding fruits.
This test was conducted in the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station for six years since 1950 to 1955. The purpose of, which, is to study whether the yield of the Malabar chestnut tree may be increased by thinning those fruits which are unreliable to mature. The trees had been thirteen years old when the experiment was started, Three levels of fruit thinning treatments were used in this test. The first treatment was regarded as a check, no thinning was made to the trees, i.e. all the fruits of four periods on trees of this, treatment was harvested In the second treatment fruits of the second, third and fourth periods were thinned, and only fruits of the first period were harvested. In the third treatment fruits of the second and fourth periods were thinned, and fruits of both the first and third periods were harvested; Fruit thinning was made when the young fruit was as large as or smaller than a walnut. Each treatment consisted of single-tree plots in randomized block design with eight replications.
From the results obtained conclusion was drawn as follows:
1. The differences of the number of fruits and the yields of dry kernels produced per tree were smaller between different treatments, but greater between different years. Obviously the Malabar chestnut tree has a tendency of alternate bearing.
2. Thinning may slightly increase the percentage of the well-developed kernels of the first period crop when a great number of fruits of the third period of the before year was thinned.
3. Statistical analyzing the yields of well-developed dry kernels of the three treatment showed that thinning decreased the yield. Through six years experiment, the yield of well-developed dry kernels produced on the non-thinning trees were unvariably higher than on the thinning ones.
4. In the non thinning group, the trees gave the highest yield of well-developed dry kernels is 1953 and lowest in 1954. Differences of yields between different years were largely significant. Obviously it is due to the alternate bearing. In the second group, fruits of the second, third and fourth periods were thinned, the yearly yield of this group is namely the yield of the first period, the differences of which between different years were all insignificant. Evidently even though fruits of these later three periods were thinned it would not increase the yield of its first period, In the third group, fruits of the second and fourth periods were thinned which was regarded as a moderate practice of fruit thinnin showed different responses according to the quantity of fruits of the third period, For example, in 1953 when fruits of the third period were produced profusely, this treatment significantly decresed the total yield in the next year. In other years of the experiment this treatment showed no effect on the total yield.
According to the above mentioned, fruit thinning reduced yields of the Malabar chestnut tree, so it is wise to keep the Malabar chestnut tree from fruit thinning
Protective effects of camellia oil (Camellia brevistyla) against indomethacin-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage in vitro and in vivo
No full textAccumulating evidence reveals that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as indomethacin, cause oxidative stress and inflammation, which consequently cause gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal damage. Camellia oil, a common edible oil used in Asia, has excellent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Herein, we examined the benefits and protective effects of camellia oil in indomethacin-induced human intestinal Int-407 cells and a mouse model of indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal damage. Camellia oil pretreatment significantly increased cell viability and wound healing and reduced reactive oxygen species production in indomethacin-induced Int-407 cells. In vivo experiments revealed that camellia oil preadministration prevented gastric wound generation by decreasing inflammatory mediators interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and cyclooxygenase-2 levels; increasing heme oxygenase-1 antioxidant protein level; and elevating transforming growth factor-beta and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in indomethacin-induced BALB/c mice. Thus, camellia oil is a functional dietary oil that prevents oxidative damage and inflammation in NSAID-induced GI mucosal damage
(農業試驗所特刊第221號)作物土壤管理與施肥技術 果樹與茶作篇(電子書)
No full text作物施肥手冊自1972年編印出版，歷經1975，1983、1987、2005等年度修訂再版，已10餘年。近年推動合理化施肥與田間調查過程，發現推薦施肥量與農友實際施肥量產生差距，且與品質密切相關之次要與微量要素之土壤管理，很少著墨，以至於農友參考使用與閱讀率低
