Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Bionomics and Control of the Serpentine Leafminer, Lirionyza bryoniae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Muskmelon
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Comparison of morphologic and physiologic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences of Phytophthora melonis, P. drechsleri and P. cryptogea in Taiwan
No full textPhytophthora melonis, Phytophthora drechsleri及Phytophthora cryptogea為1970年以後才出現在台灣的3種疫病菌。由於早年日本命名者K. Katsura對P. melonis標準菌株形態特性描述錯誤，導致P. melonis被誤認為是P. drechsleri；同時將真正的P. drechsleri誤認為是P. cryptogea，造成三菌分類上的極大困擾。本試驗即收集存在台灣的可能屬於該3種疫病菌各數支菌株，比較其在形態、生理特性的差異，並進行核酸序列（核醣體內轉錄區間，ITS）的親緣關係分析，將其重新分類與整理，歸屬於Phytophthora melonis, P. drechsleri及P. cryptogea species complex。
Phytophthora melonis, P. drechsleri and P. cryptogea, the three plant pathogens that appeared in Taiwan after 1970, were often misidentified. Due to the incorrect description of the morphological characteristics of the P. melonis type species by the Japanese researcher Katsura in 1968, P. melonis was easily misidentified as P. drechsleri, and the real P. drechsleri was often misidentified as P. cryptogea. Those misidentifications resulted in the classification troubles for plant pathology researchers. In order to accomplish correct identification, several isolates belonging to the three Phytophthora species group from Taiwan were collected and classified by comparing the differences in morphological and physiological characteristics as well as phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Consequently, these isolates were reclassified as P. melonis, P. drechsleri or P. cryptogea species complex
(68(3): 237-245)Effects of Mulching on the Seedling Production and Infestation of Sweet Potato Insect Pests in Winter Season of Northern Taiwan
No full text作物畦面上進行覆蓋措施，為相對簡易及低投資成本的設施，具有提高土壤溫度、提升作物生長速度及產量等潛在特點。本試驗於新北市金山地區之冬季時期，利用覆膜方式進行冬季甘藷健康種苗生產研究，顯示在冬季時期 (12 月至翌年2 月期間) 大氣平均溫度在11.1–20.1℃間，覆蓋黑色polyethylene (PE) 塑膠布可明顯提高土壤溫度，於土壤下8 cm 的溫度與大氣溫度之間，最高可相差6℃。「台農57 號」及「台農66 號」種苗於PE 覆膜處理之蔓重 (分別為452.2 g 及272.3 g)、大於30 cm 的蔓數 (分別為7.9 蔓及5.4 蔓) 及塊根重 (分別為225.4 g 及209.8 g)，明顯較可分解塑膠膜及無覆膜等處理為佳，種苗存活率也可達90% 以上。冬季甘藷生長初期前4 mo (12 月至翌年3 月) 間，害蟲種類及數量之發生甚少；4 月起之調查結果顯示各處理區中，多種害蟲發生數量逐漸增多，特別是鳥羽蛾，每條藷蔓平均密度最高可達0.7 隻；其次為金花蟲，每條藷蔓平均密度可達0.4 隻。甘藷蟻象在3 種處理下為害塊根數 (1 個以下) 甚低，推測為低溫造成蟻象族群密度甚低所致。
Covering plastic on furrow surface has the advantages of easy operation, lower investment, and increasing the soil temperature, crop growth rate and yield. This trial was conducted in winter season in northern Taiwan to evaluate the production of seedlings of two sweet potato cultivars, ‘Tainung No.57’ and ‘Tainung No.66’, under different cover treatments. From December 2014 to February 2015, the daily mean air temperature was in the range of 11.1℃ to 21.1℃. Soil temperature at 8 cm depth was the highest under the covering of black polyethylene (PE) plastic treatment, and maximum temperature difference had reached 6℃ compared to air temperature. The agronomic traits of weight of maximum vine length (452.2 g and 272.3 g), number of the vine length longer than 30 cm (7.9 and 5.4) and tuber weight (225.4 g and 209.8 g) under the covering of black PE plastic treatment were higher than other treatments on sweet potato cultivars, ‘Tainung No.57’ and ‘Tainung No.66’, respectively. The survival rate of seedling was also higher than 90%. The density of insect pests was relatively low during December 2014 to March 2015, but increased gradually in April, particularly plum moth had reached 0.7 per sweet potato vine, followed by leaf beetle reaching 0.4 per sweet potato vine. The damage number of sweet potato tuber by sweet potato weevil was low (less than 1 tuber) under three treatments, suggesting that low density of sweet potato weevil suppressed significantly by the low temperature
Revision of Pyrrhalta (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) species with maculate elytra
No full textPyrrhalta Joannis, 1865 species with maculate elytra are revised. Pyrrhalta maculata is shown to be a complex of several species. Seven species are recognized: P. maculata Gressitt & Kimoto, 1963 (Fujian, Taiwan), P. carolusi sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand), P. kaboureki sp. nov. (Sumatra), P. kambaitiensis sp. nov. (Myanmar), P. lucka sp. nov. (Laos, Thailand, Yunnan). P. schillhammeri sp. nov. (Laos) and P. tsoui sp. nov. (Taiwan). Colour photos of habitus, as well as drawings of male and female genitalia are provided
