Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Study on Cryopreservation using Potato Shoot Tip
No full text本試驗以馬鈴薯（Solanum tuberosum）台農一號（TNG1）及大西洋（Atlantic）之試管苗莖頂組織為研究材料，利用藻膠包埋玻璃質化法（encapsulation-vitrification） 進行超低溫冷凍保存（cryopreservation）之研究。本試驗之目的在於研究馬鈴薯適宜進行超低溫冷凍保存之處理條件，有助於建立馬鈴薯種原長期保存之整體流程。經試驗結果顯示，凍存前之預處理，以填充溶液（LS）滲透保護處理90 min，再以植物玻璃質化溶液2（PVS2）脫水處理180 min，馬鈴薯莖頂組織有最佳之存活率。經凍存1 h後以KG回復培養基進行回復生長，台農一號及大西洋存活率分別可達70.48%與76.92%，皆顯著高於IBK回復培養基（23.28%、14.09%），顯示KG回復培養基對馬鈴薯莖頂組織有較佳之回復生長條件。此外，本試驗進一步利用冷凍鋁片法（aluminum cryo-plate）進行超低溫冷凍保存，結果顯示台農一號及大西洋之存活率可達76.29%與88.39%，而再生率則達59.29%與60.92%。綜合整體試驗結果顯示，馬鈴薯莖頂組織可利用藻膠包埋玻璃質化法與冷凍鋁片法進行超低溫冷凍保存，兩者於凍存後皆有高存活率，且經回溫及回復生長後培植體皆可成功再生成完整植株。若以冷凍鋁片法進行馬鈴薯種原長期保存，可確保培植體有較高之冷凍效率，為理想且頗具應用潛力之超低溫冷凍保存技術。
In this study, the shoot tips of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars, Tainung No.1 (TNG1) and Atlantic, were used for the study of cryopreservation with the method of encapsulation-vitrification. The purpose of the experiment was to study the optimal processing conditions of cryopreservation and to establish the whole process of long-term preservation of potato shoot tips. With the application of encapsulation-vitrification, the results showed the optimal survival rate by treated with LS permeation protection was 90 min, dehydrated with plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) was 180 min before cryopreservation. The survival rates of TNG1 and Atlantic were 70.48% and 76.92% respectively after being frozen by liquid nitrogen for 1 h, with KG recovery medium. Both survival rates were significantly higher than IBK recovery medium (23.28%, 14.09%). The regeneration rate of the two varieties could reach 31.90% and 53.85% respectively. It was shown that the KG recovery medium was much better for the recovery growth of the potato shoot tips. In addition, the result of further utilizing the aluminum cryo-plate showed that the survival rates of TNG1 and Atlantic could reach 76.29% and 88.39%, while the regeneration rates were 59.29% and 60.92%, respectively. Overall, the shoot tips of potato would be cryopreserved by encapsulation-vitrification and aluminum cryo-plate. Both of them showed high survival rates after cryopreservation, and explants could successfully regenerate to complete plants after warming and recovery growth. It demonstrates that the germplasm resources preservation of potato is an ideal and potential cryopreservation technology by being applied the method of aluminum cryo-plate
The factors affect root damage during postharvest process of oriental Cymbidium
No full text鐵骨素心蘭、彩虹四季蘭及玉花四季蘭3種大宗外銷品種進行根系受損情形及受損程度分級的調查，結果顯示根系的受損主要是發生於根系中段及尖端的斷裂以及根尖發生焦桔，成因為採後處理過程中操作時的機械性傷害及高溫乾燥的環境下暴露過久。根系由斷裂的部位剪除，對於復續的定植生長在根系的好根比例增加及爛根數量的減少有明顯的效果。採收後到運送至包裝場，植株必須經過6次以上的碰觸，分別是採收作業時的折解、集中，以及理貨作業時的折解分級、修剪、清點、清洗，過多的碰觸造成根系損傷斷裂的機會增加，尤其採收過程中的拆解動作會因植株的生育狀態而對根系造成程度不同的拉扯與傷害。
The main exportation Cymbidium ensifolium varieties of Taiwan, viz. iron-bone, rainbow and jade-flower Cymbidiums, are subjected to investigation on root system damage after harvest. Root system damages are mainly the breakage at middle and root tips and browning of root tips. The causes of the damages are mechanical damage during postharvest processing, and exposed to hot-dry environments for long duration. Cutting root at the breakage point can increase new roots formation and decrease rot roots. From harvest, transportation to export packaging houses, there are more than 6 steps that would touch the root systems. These steps include detaching plants and gathering at harvest stage, and detach grading, pruning, counting and washing at processing stage. Too many steps touching roots can cause unnecessary breakage of root, especially at the harvest stage, detaching roots result in various damages
Preliminary Report on the Investigation of Rice Leaf Hoppers and Plant Hoppers and Their Control Measures at Chia-yi, Taiwan in 1962
No full text褐飛蝨為害水稻習性與稻浮塵子週異，成蟲及稚蟲期均廄集水稻基部吸取汁掖，期不易發現。一旦發生，已措手不及，即使應用藥劑防治，亦必普遍釀成災害。故應用藥劑防治，褐飛蝨雖較水稻螟蟲為易，但事前必須明瞭，其發生環境及為害習性，及早施用藥劑預防，始獲得事半功倍之效，否則徒增消耗藥劑及勞力，而得不償失。
The habit of infested rice by the brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens is not similar to the rice leaf hopper Nep hot ettix biJ,unctatus cincticeps because it restrict his feeding to rice plants between the sheathes and the stems, and usually is found on colonies at lower proportion of rice plants near ground level. Both adult and immature stages suck plant juices when they are hardly found for feeding the rice plants. If heavily emerged adults of this pest have been found under light trap, but they had already built up to be severely infestation of rice due to the immature stages, so that control of this pest on immature stages is more important than that on mature stages. Although insecticidal spray should not be recommanded for large scale against this pest after heavily emerged adults appeared; thus it could not give statisfactory results, reducing its damage to rice in the paddy fields. For effective results of controlling, this pest, it must be depending upon its habit of infested rice plants and the different environmmental conditions, therefore, chemical control could be made timely as early as possible. In the experiment, insecticidal spray depended on the growth of rice and the degree of infestation in the paddy fields. It was made four times at 10 or 30 days of intervals dated on August 22; September 23; October 4 and 14, 1962. The rate of application early in the season was 1,000 liters of solution per hectare and increased to 1,500 liters of solution per hectare for last three treatments, respectively
