Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Institutional RepositoryNot a member yet
10534 research outputs found
Sort by
Estimation of the Putative Marginal Timing for Subsequent Flowering in the Last Flush of Litchi ("Litchi chinensis") Current Shoots
No full text荔枝為世界重要亞熱帶果樹之一，但開花狀況不良往往造成其產量波動。荔枝自營養生長相轉換為生殖生長相需要充足的涼溫刺激，涼溫期間未成熟枝梢通常無法成功轉換為花序，因此成熟枝梢是荔枝能否順利花芽分化的關鍵因子；相對地，當枝梢發育進程延遲而錯過某關鍵時刻將不利其花序形成。本研究共標記調查‘玉荷包’、‘台農7號早大荔’、‘台農3號玫瑰紅’等三品種荔枝末段梢發育動態，就標記枝條開花與否追溯各調查時間點枝條成熟情形，試圖將末段梢成熟時機連結枝條後續開花情況，亦觀察‘台農3號玫瑰紅’荔枝枝條延遲成熟對翌年花況及著果影響。結果顯示開花枝條末段梢成熟數量的累積具有一邁入趨平時刻，我們稱之為「假定開花邊際時間點」。2012年在嘉義市‘玉荷包’之「假定開花邊際時間點」為11月20日前後、‘台農7號早大荔’為11月2日前後，雲林古坑‘台農3號玫瑰紅’之「假定開花邊際時間點」為11月9日前後。枝梢延後成熟的‘台農3號玫瑰紅’荔枝有開花率低落且出現二輪花情形，進而造成產量低落。本研究印證成功荔枝生產需掌握秋季末段梢抽出及成熟時機，也提出以「假定開花邊際時間點」作為田間管理評估前揭兩關鍵時刻參考依據。
Production of litchi is often unstable due to the erratic blooming. Adequate cool temperature is required for floral induction in litchi and immature flushes do not flower after cool temperature induction in winter. Apparently, more competent flushes formed before cool induction, more inflorescences could emerge in the following season, and vice versa. In this study, we monitored the developmental stages of the last flushes in 'Yu Her Pau', 'Tainung No. 3, Rose Red', and 'Tainung No. 7, Early Big' litchi. Relationships between the timing of the last flushes to reach maturation and flowering ratio in three litchi cultivars were determined. Effects of differential shoot maturity on flowering and fruiting were also investigated in 'Tainung No. 3, Rose Red'. Most shoots that flowered in subsequent spring were those had reached 'the putative marginal time for flowering (pFMT)'. Results showed that pFMT was ca. 20 November in 'Yu Her Pau', 2 November in 'Tainung No. 7, Early Big' at Chiayi City, and 6 November in 'Tainung No. 3, Rose Red' at Gukeng Township, Yunlin County. Low yield of 'Tainung No. 3, Rose Red' resulted from few mature flushes formed on time, leading to poor flowering ratio and occurrence of the second wave of flowering. This study confirms the role of the maturity of last flushes on flowering in litchi during autumn, and pFMT could be used as the reference for field practices
Production of Vibrant Reddish Sugar Apples (Annona squamosa) through Improved Bagging Techniques
No full text本研究利用套袋技術改善紅皮番荔枝果色暗沉之缺點，以生產鮮紅番荔枝。試驗將軟枝種（綠色）、89-7-3品系（淡紅綠色）與紅皮種（紫紅色）番荔枝，分別進行黃色單層、黑色單層、外黃內黑雙層套袋與不套袋等4種套袋處理。結果顯示套袋可顯著減少果皮葉綠素濃度。軟枝種使用黃色單層套袋，果皮為淡綠色，黑色單層套袋為淡黃色，外黃內黑雙層套袋之果皮則幾無色素累積。紅皮種番荔枝若無套袋或使用黃色單層套袋時，果皮同時含有花青素與葉綠素，果皮呈現暗沉灰紫色，商品價值極低。若使用外黃內黑雙層套袋，因葉綠素濃度極低，花青素得以清楚顯現，果皮呈現美觀的鮮紅色。此套袋技術若搭配品質優良之紅果皮品種進行生產，將可生產具商品價值之鮮紅番荔枝，提升果農收益。
Red sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.) markets are currently limited due to the appearance of their dark peel color. This study aimed to produce vibrant reddish sugar apple through bagging techniques. Young fruits of Soft sticks (green peel), 89-7-3 (pink green peel), and Red sugar apple (purple peel) were enclosed in yellow paper bags, black paper bags or yellow-black double layer bags and un-bagged fruits were served as the control. The results showed that the moderate shading by bagging significantly reduced chlorophyll concentration of the peel. Soft sticks after bagging with yellow paper bags showed light green peel; Bagging with black paper bags showed yellow peel, while bagging with yellow-black double layer bags resulted in pale light color. The peel of Red sugar apple contained anthocyanin and chlorophyll when fruits were not bagged or bagged with yellow paper bags, and thus had less attractive grayish purple color. With yellow-black double layer bagging, the chlorophyll concentration reduced, and anthocyanin appeared, resulting in the red sugar apple with a vibrant reddish tone
Introduction to the 2018 International Symposium on Proactive Technologies for Enhancement of Integrated Pest Management of Key Crops
No full textThe 2018 International Symposium on Proactive Technologies for Enhancement of Integrated Pest Management on Key Crops, including "Binational collaborative achievements on agricultural pest management between Taiwan and USA" and "Improving the effectiveness on the integrated pest management", which includes the proactive technologies for enhancement of integrated pest management, regulation and application of pesticides, management strategies for important plant diseases, and integrated pest management strategy with regards to climate change. We invited 22 experts from Taiwan, Australia, the United States, Japan and South Korea to be our symposium speakers. The sponsors sincerely hope that the symposium will not only provide proactive technologies or innovative pest management strategies for Republic of China, but also serve as a platform for future cooperation between domestic and foreign scholars, which can make a significant contribution to the advancement of Taiwan and global agriculture
Insecticide horizontal transfer from tephritid male lures containing reduced risk pesticides
No full textInsecticide horizontal transfer extends pesticide efficacy from individual level to population-wide control through insect food sharing behavior. Social insects and nonsocial insects with food sharing behavior were most studied subjects for the effects of insecticide horizontal transfer. Very little was known about the food sharing behavior among tephritid fruit fly species, a group of serious pests of fruit commodities in tropical and subtropical area worldwide. Male oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)) and melon fly (Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett)) are known to feed compulsively on methyl eugenol (ME) and cue lure (CL), respectively. These two semiochemicals in combination with broad-spectrum pesticides, i.e. organophosphate and carbamate, were the standard control tactics in the past decades. With the increasing environmental concerns for the use of broad-spectrum pesticides and that in turn cause the escalation of pesticide resistance indeed promoted the introduction of reduced-risk pesticides in recent years. This type of pesticide with strong bioactivity can cause fruit flies to regurgitate soon after ingesting insecticide-laced attractant. Insecticide horizontal transfer via fruit flies’ regurgitated droplets that contained insecticide active ingredient of chlorantraniliprole, acetamiprid, thiamethoxam, spinosad and fipronil were demonstrated in this paper. Field trials conducted in Hawaii demonstrated that not only male but also female Z. cucurbitae population density reduced significantly in the area treated with CL-fipronil. Laboratory studies further confirmed that droplets of regurgitated CL-fipronil caused high mortality in both male and female flies that received the regurgitated CL-fipronil within 24 h. Laboratory studies conducted in Taiwan demonstrated that exposing B. dorsalis males to individuals fed on MEspinosad and ME-thiamethoxam caused significantly higher mortality in male flies than that received ME-chlorantraniliprole and ME-acetamiprid treatments. Significantly higher female fly mortality was recorded in contacting flies that fed on ME-spinosad. Data from cage studies demonstrated that male flies did not show preference among ME-spinosad, ME-thiamethoxam and ME-acetamiprid regurgitants. The results from this study demonstrated that male annihilation technique using reduced-risk pesticides are suitable alternatives for organophosphates. The potential of employing insecticide horizontal transfer in fruit fly management was also discussed
Winter climate and cultivar effects on severity of Pierce’s Disease in table grapes
No full textGrapevines infected with Xylella fastidiosa can recover from infection following exposure to cold temperatures. The rate at which vines recover is dependent on duration of cold exposure, cultivar susceptibility, and time of inoculation. Previous studies primarily focused on climate conditions experienced in the northern California wine grape growing regions, and only a small number of cultivars. This study aims to increase available information on probability of vine recovery in warmer regions. Cold treatment representative of southern California climate conditions led to very low rates of recovery in susceptible grapevines. However, even at low chill hour treatments, rate of recovery varied based on cultivar and time of inoculation. Comparison of Xf strains isolated from northern and southern California locations did not show any significant difference in curing under the same conditions. Evaluating the rate at which Xf infected grapevines can be cured by cold temperatures is important for developing regionspecific management strategies, and for understanding pathogen spread in a variety of locations
Occurrence and management of basal stalk rot of water bamboo in Taiwan
No full textIn 1999 a severe basal stalk rot disease of water bamboo (Zizaniae latifolia) occurred in Nanto County in the summer, and as of today Nanto is still the only county manifested with the disease. The causal agent of the disease was considered to be Pythiogeton zizaniae. The local varieties ‘Green Shell Early’ and ‘Red Shell’ were both susceptible, with the former being more susceptible. For the variety ‘Green Shell Early’, the edible swelling culms (water bamboo shoots) could be harvested in April–June and July–October, designated as the first and the second harvest period, respectively. The disease appeared from late April to October, but in July the disease severity scaled up to 43.8% in the individual field. The disease could cause severe yield loss of the second harvest period. For the isolation of this pathogen, the more distant from the cutting wounds the less frequent the pathogen could be isolated. By draining the field for 30 days near the end of first harvest period (around May and June), the disease severity could be reduced. Although the yield of the first harvest period was mildly decreased, that of the second harvest period was greatly increased, amounting to higher yield than the conventional farming. Planting water bamboo one month in advance and in combination with lighting at night could accelerate the harvest time, and accordingly draining was advised to be conducted earlier to reduce the disease severity and prevent the yield loss due to the drainage. Furthermore, the method treated with drainage and cut-off all the above ground plants post the first season would assist new tillers growth and significantly reduce basal stalk rot disease. The disease severity after treatment using the above-mentioned method was down to 1.4%, which was significantly lower than that of merely drainage treatment or non-drainage
適用於熱帶改良型溫室之環境控制系統及應用綠能科技於補光模組之開發
No full text本研究整合風能及太陽能發電儲能系統，整合太陽能功率540 W 與風能功率600 W 之綠能儲能系統，可同時儲能，系統設計上使用雙電瓶進行充電、放電動作，並以PLC 為控制核心，針對雙電瓶設計其控制流程。透過系統隨時偵測雙電瓶之電壓，再依照供電電瓶電壓作為判斷，切換充放電模式，並透過結合太陽能與風能之最大功率追蹤 (MPPT) 進行對電瓶之最大功率輸出，系統充電24V 電瓶，將應用於行列式自動補光載具之燈管，補光目標為藤蔓式作物，如小番茄或小黃瓜，蔓藤式植物栽種需要有支架使其攀爬，因此將燈管設計與地面垂直，以利將光線照射於目標作物上使其生長。補光屏台當載具移動利用220V 驅動馬達，並於原點位置架設電瓶充電系統。載具移動時配合PLC 控制器行補光。燈罩設有8 支T5 燈管可供應補光，面積約為2.8 米平方。並運用單晶片及嵌入式系統技術，研製溫室環境無線感測模組、環境數據自動採集控制模組及遠端輸出驅動模組，以尋求熱帶改良型溫室或自然通風溫室低成本農業資訊化與自動化之解決方案
建置節水灌溉與雨水收集循環利用處理系統之試驗研究
No full text於彰化縣黃金廊道及臺中區農業改良場設置節水灌溉與雨水收集系統試驗點，並導入遠端監控生產管理模式，可供相關農友參考應用。關於不同作物灌溉試驗結果：溫室花胡瓜滴灌較噴灌、淹灌分別節水48.2％及80％；網室花胡瓜滴灌較淹灌節水85.8％；露地青蔥之滴灌較淹灌節水71.2％；紅龍果噴灌較淹灌節水12.9％。另針對露地節水栽培與噴霧作業需要，試驗研製1 台乘坐式噴霧兼肥灌機具，並於甘藍栽培區進行試驗應用，該機具搭配管路滴灌較淹灌節水94.8％、節肥55.5%。自104 年至106 年間，共計輔導26 位農民設置「園藝作物節水節肥灌溉系統」，面積達9.01 ha，皆可達到省工及節水節能的目的