Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第18號 員林地方に於ける椪柑象皮病豫防試驗成績
本報告係大正12年在臺中州員林郡永靖庄進行椪柑象皮病預防試驗的成績,可作為有相關問題的南投及臺南州北部地方之利用參考。內文包括:緒言、試驗地點與方法設計、當地水質調查、本實驗的使用藥劑和施作方法、試驗過程和成績調查、對荖葉施以藥劑的試驗過程和結果、園主對該試驗的感想、強度石灰硫黃合劑的調製法、整體流程中需注意的事項,以及全文之摘要和結論
臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第24號 柑橘瘡痂病の病原菌に就て (豫報)
本文係農業部針對柑橘瘡痂病的病原菌所作的調查報告。這種植物病害多發生於臺灣的柑橘類或檸檬類。本調查的重點為:該病的病徵、在臺灣的寄生植物、以往對於病原的說法、病原菌分類,並提出病原研究、接種試驗等。本文附有圖版及其文字,說明其實驗過程
臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第42號 甘蔗地方品種試驗(大正十三年期)成績
本報告係臺北州農會、臺北州立農業試驗場、製糖會社委託,農業部糖業科、殖產局糖務課及蔗苗養成所,進行改善甘蔗品質的實驗報告。本實驗以9種甘蔗品種在全臺39處進行種植,就其地域、土壤、與稻作混合種植、灌溉、病害、製糖率等因素進行分析,結果發現九種品種的成績高低依次為:二七二七POJ、二七一四POJ、F四、一三三五POJ、F一九、F一四、三六ミンカ、F二四、九二○POJ
臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第47號 水稻の剪葉による減收
本報告在探究水稻葉部的病蟲害與稻穀減收程度的關聯性,並觀察防除用藥劑的使用與收支的關係。本報告研究人員以剪葉方式模擬遭受病蟲害的試驗,其研究成果可提供一般農民預防及驅除病蟲害之參考
臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第60號 稻の品種及分布面積統計(三)
本報告是昭和2年稻子品種和其分布狀況的統計調查,內容包括各郡、各州廳及本島全部等區域類別之各期稻作的稻子品種名稱和耕種面積細目,文末並附有歷來內地米種的栽培面積和產額增加表,可作為相關之品種改良、耕種試驗等的參考資料
臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第76號 臺灣產松毛蟲に關する調查
本文為有關臺灣產松毛蟲的習性與生活史之調查報告,對於松毛蟲驅除預防法的相關記述亦為重點之一。內文共分十三部分,依序為:緒言、タイワンマツカレハ(Dendrolimus punetatus)之研究史、分布及發生地域、食草及加害狀態與食季、發生的週期、一年間世代的數量、羽化與成蟲的習性及壽命、產卵、卵時期、孵化、幼蟲的習性及幼蟲期、化蛹及蛹期、敵蟲,以及驅除預防法,最後附有參考文獻及圖版
(68(1):28-39)Study on Sweet Potato Storage Disease and Etiology
甘藷儲藏病害為儲藏過程中造成損失的重要因子之一。為瞭解甘藷儲藏性病害發生情形,本研究由彰化大城及雲林水林兩地區採收甘藷中,挑選外觀健康之塊根,於15℃恆溫室中儲放12 wk。儲藏期間每2 wk 調查病害發生情形,並將罹病塊根進行組織分離。彰化大城之甘藷於12 wk 時,504 條塊根裡有436 條發生腐敗情形,雲林水林則是在500 條塊根中有233 條發生腐敗情形。分離出主要的真菌種類有6 類,包括 Diaporthe batatas、Fusarium spp.、Lasiodiplodia theobromae、Macrophomina phaseolina、Phomopsis destruens 及其他Phomopsis spp.。上述分離之真菌經柯霍式法則驗證,發現D. batatas、L. theobromae、M. phaseolina、P. destruens 及其他Phomopsis spp. 均可造成塊根腐敗,確為甘藷塊根儲藏病原,Fusarium spp. 則在塊根上未造成任何病徵。本研究之結果,可作為後續篩選甘藷儲藏性病害田間防治藥劑時重要之參考。
Post-harvest storage disease is one of the important limiting factor of sweet potato production. To investigate the incidence of post-harvest storage disease on sweet potato, healthy roots from Dacheng Township, Changhua County and Shueilin Township, Yunlin County were collected and stored under 15℃ for 12 wk, and fungi on rotten roots were isolated every 2 wk in period of storage. After 12 wk of storage, 436 of 504 roots from Dacheng Township and 223 of 500 roots from Shuelin Township were rotten, and isolated fungal species included Diaporthe batatas, Fusarium spp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Macrophomina phaseolina, Phomopsis destruens and other Phomopsis spp. Pathogenicity tests were conducted, and results showed that D. batatas, L. theobromae, M. phaseolina, P. destruens and some Phomopsis spp. were virulent, and could cause rotten symptoms on sweet potatoes, revealing the pathogenicity of these species. On the contrary, roots inoculated with Fusarium spp. did not show symptom. This study provides important reference for further fungicides screening to control the post-harvest disease of sweet potato in Taiwan
(68(1):47-58)Petal Spot of Phalaenopsis Caused by Exserohilum rostratum
2017 年4 月於台南地區一處蘭園發現蝴蝶蘭花瓣上產生褐色圓形凹陷病斑,大多數病斑產生後不會繼續擴大,但嚴重影響花卉觀賞品質,依病徵形態將本病稱為蝴蝶蘭花瓣斑點病 (petal spot)。由罹病組織所分離之可疑病原菌,於Potato dextrose agar (PDA) 平板培養時產生黑灰色茂密菌絲,其分生孢子 (conidia) 為褐色至深褐色長橢圓形,於分生孢子末端突出黑褐色之臍 (hilum)。依據科霍氏法則 (Koch’s postulates) 完成病原性測定,並由本病害之病徵表現、病原菌形態特徵及分子鑑定結果等將病原菌鑑定為Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs。本菌最適菌絲生長溫度為28℃,而最適孢子發芽溫度為24–36℃。病原菌不僅危害白花蝴蝶蘭 (Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’) 外,亦可在粉黃花 (Phalaenopsis Green Pixie ‘Ever Green’) 及桃紅 (Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’) 蝴蝶蘭、黃花文心蘭 (Oncidesa Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’)、嘉德麗雅蘭 (Cattleya Chien Ya ‘Ocean’) 及白花萬代蘭 (Vanda Princess ‘Mikasa White’) 花瓣上造成類似病徵。測試殺菌劑對本菌之菌絲生長及孢子發芽之影響,結果顯示快得寧、撲滅寧、待克利及依普同在10 mg a.i. L-1 有效濃度下對菌絲生長抑制率均可達90% 以上,而快得寧、鋅錳乃浦、四氯異苯腈及氫氧化銅在10 mg a.i. L-1 有效濃度下則可顯著降低病原菌之孢子發芽率。本文為國內第一篇闡明由E. rostratum 引起蝴蝶蘭花瓣斑點病之報告,並初步篩選防治藥劑供栽培業者參考使用。
In April 2017, flower diseases of Phalaenopsis (Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’) occurred in Tainan area with the symptoms showed brown small spots on petal, sometimes sunken, and about 1 mm or less in diameter without expanding. It seriously affected quality of ornamental flowers and cut flowers. The pathogen isolated from the diseased tissue produced dark grey mycelium on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidium is ellipsoidal to fusiform, dark brown, and with hilum. The causative fungus was identified as Exserohilum rostratum (Drechsler) Leonard & Suggs based on symptoms, morphological characteristics and ITS rDNA sequence. The pathogen not only harmed the white flowers of Phalaenopsis Sogo Yukidian ‘V3’, but also caused symptoms on the petals of Phalaenopsis Queen Beer ‘Mantefon’, Phalaenopsis Green Pixie ‘Ever Green’, Oncidesa Gower Ramsey ‘Honey Angel’, Cattleya Chien Ya ‘Ocean’ and Vanda Princess ‘Mikasa White’. The optimal temperature was 28℃ for mycelial growth of Exserohilum rostratum and 24–36℃ for spore germination. Mycelial growth of the pathogen was effectively inhibited more than 90% by oxine-copper, procymidone, difenoconazole and Iprodione with the concentration at 10 mg a.i. L-1. Spore germination of pathogen was inhibited by oxine-copper, copper (II) hydroxide, mancozeb and chlorothalonil with the concentration at 10 mg a.i. L-1. This is the first report of Phalaenopsis petal spot disease caused by E. rostratum in Taiwan