Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Involvement of jasmonates signaling pathway in watermelon-Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum interactions
No full text(69(1): 11-24)Physiological Characteristics, Pathogenicity and Fungicide Sensitivity of Colletotrichum siamense Causing Lychee Pepper Spot Disease
No full text荔枝針點病之病原菌為Colletotrichum siamense，可危害荔枝葉片與葉柄，造成黑色針點狀病斑。本研究由雲林古坑「糯米糍」及「桂味」荔枝品種之針點病病斑上分離得Colletotrichum spp.，經形態觀察及分子類緣關係鑑定確認為C. siamense。由先前研究中確認C. siamense 對荔枝「糯米糍」葉部具有病原性，本研究則對荔枝品種「台農7 號」進行葉部接種，藉此得知本病原菌亦可侵染糯米糍以外之品種。又進行溫度對C. siamense 菌絲生長與孢子發芽影響試驗，結果發現C. siamense 菌絲最適生長溫度為25–30℃，且在15℃之低溫時仍可生長；分生孢子則在20–30℃之間皆可於葉片上萌芽並產生附著器。進行C. siamense 之菌絲生長與分生孢子發芽對化學藥劑之感受性評估，發現腐絕快得寧及甲基多保淨對菌絲生長具有較佳抑制效果，克熱淨及得克利次之；在抑制分生孢子發芽方面，則以腐絕快得寧、腈硫醌及百克敏有較好的抑制能力，亞托待克利及得克利次之。本研究之結果，可提供作為田間荔枝針點病在防治策略及藥劑施用上之參考。
The causal agent of lychee pepper spot disease is Colletotrichum siamense. The symptom shows black needle-like spots on leaf, fruit, petiole and pedicle. In this study, many isolates of Colletotrichum spp. were isolated from needle-like spots on lychee ‘Gue Wei’ and ‘No Mi Ci’ and all of them were identified as C. siamense based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis. In our previous study, the pathogenicity of C. siamense on lychee has been validated on lychee ‘No Mi Ci’. In this study, pathogenicity test was conducted on lychee ‘TN 7’ to confirm that the pathogen causes symptoms on other variety in addition to ‘No Mi Ci’. The temperature effect on C. siamense mycelial growth and spore germination was investigated. It was found that the optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 25−30℃, and mycelia growth of C. siamense kept viable under 15℃. In addition, spores germinated and produced appressoria on lychee leaves under 20–30℃. The result of fungicide sensitivity test indicated that thiabendazole + oxine-copper and thiophanate–methyl are the most suppressive on mycelial growth of C. siamense, followed by iminoctadine triacetate and tebuconazole. In addition, thiabendazole + oxine-copper, dithianon and pyraclostrobin had best suppression on spore germination, followed by azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and tebuconazole. The results of this study provide information for fungicide selection and control strategy on lychee pepper spot disease in the field
台灣耐熱及抗煙草嵌紋毒素病小番茄之育成
No full textAfter two years' trial, two hybrid selections, PT912 and PT913 developed at the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) were identified to be superior to the commonly grown local cultivars, Golden Citrus and Known You 209 F, in terms of yield, resistance to heat and Tobacco Mosaic Virus. These two selections produced up to 70 t/ha of marketable fruits in early fall under natural conditions without the need of hormone treatment.
Results in these trials suggested that the development of F1 cultivars is an efficient method to combine resistance to heat and diseases with better horticultural traits.
亞洲蔬菜研究發展中心經二年的試驗，選出兩個優良的雜交一代小番茄PT912和PT913，其產量、耐熱性和抗煙草嵌紋毒病均比地方栽培種金柑及雜交一代農友209爲佳；此二雜交一代品種在早秋不噴荷爾蒙的自然狀況下栽培，具商品價值的產量每公頃達70公噸以上。
結果顯示利用雜交一代品種以組合耐熱抗病及較好的園藝性狀，乃是有效的育種方法
Evaluation and Verification of Phosphorus-solubilizing Bacteria Fertilizer on Tea Plant
No full text國內目前微生物肥料在登記時得免附肥料效果試驗報告，且無定量的微生物活性指標規範，使微生物肥料商品在田間施用時，常出現有效與無效兩極化反應，使得農民對微生物肥料缺乏信心。因此，本試驗目的為 (1) 以市售2 種溶磷菌肥料 (菌種為Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 和Bacillus subtilis) 搭配化學肥料並減量施用， (2) 以市售1 種溶磷菌肥料 (菌種：Bacillus licheniformis) 搭配化學肥料和有機質肥料並減量施用，探討其對茶樹生長及製茶品質之影響，以建立田間驗證評估模式。試驗結果顯示，施用兩種溶磷菌肥料後，在各處理間之溶磷菌有效菌數並沒有顯著性差異；施用溶磷菌肥料對茶菁產量和茶葉養分含量亦無顯著性差異，但在感官品評部分，以處理四 (1/2 化學肥料推薦量+菌劑二) 之茶湯滋味表現最佳，排序為第一名。在搭配化學肥料和有機質肥料施用部分，肥料種類對製茶品質之影響大於施用溶磷菌肥料之影響。
In Taiwan, it is not requested to submit an experiment report of fertilizer effect whenever application for registration of microbial fertilizer. Furthermore, there is no regulation for the quantitative test of activity indicators. All of these factors could explain why both of effective and non-effective responses resulted from field trials. This contradictory response has made farmers lose their confidence to the microbial fertilizers. Therefore, in this study, (1) two commercial phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer products were selected and used with chemical fertilizers, (2) one commercial phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer product was selected and used with chemical and organic fertilizers to discuss its effect on tea production and quality to establish a field verification and evaluation model. Results showed that after using two commercial phosphate solubilizing bacteria fertilizers, population of phosphate solubilizing bacteria of rhizosphere soils were no significant difference among treatments. There were of no effect on the yields and nutrients content of tea with phosphate solubilizing fertilizers. For sensory evaluation, the treatment 4 was the best. In the application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the effect of fertilizer type on tea quality is greater than the effect of applying phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria fertilizer
