Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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西部地區蔬菜產業青年農民之經營管理能力之研究
No full text本研究運用IPA績效分析法（Importance Performance Analysis）探討西部地區蔬菜產業青年農民之經營管理能力，希望藉由各經營管理構面之分析，以作為未來如何提高青年農民經營管理能力改善之參考。就構面能力需求度而言，以創新研發管理構面最高，作物安全管理構面最低，在能力之足夠程度方面，以作物安全管理構面最高，品牌資源管理最低。由IPA績效分析顯示出應優先改善的因素依序為農產加工品創新研發能力、農作物創新研發能力、農作技術創新研發能力、行銷手法及模式創新研發能力，產品網路行銷能力、廣告媒體運用能力、品牌建立能力，產品定價能力、產品通路選擇與掌握能力，農場的財務規劃能力建議未來可優先針對這些經營管理能力進行資源投入與輔導改善，以加強青年農民的經營管理能力
臺灣農民採用友善環境耕作法的關鍵因素與推廣策略
No full text台灣的農業耕作方式，使用化學藥劑、肥料來實現產量的最大化的可能性，但也對環境及生態造成了不可抹滅的傷害，推廣友環境耕作的意義在於保育環境生態、提供安全優質食品本文經過文獻探討分析出採用友善環境耕作法5 大構面及24個子項目，並運用層級分析法排序重要影響因素。結果顯示，生產條件是最重要的影響因素，農民採用認知取向也可分為五種類型；另外，依產品生命週期的概念，友善環境耕作法的推廣可分成四個時期及十個發展策略，未來想要從事友善環境耕作法的農民，可以作為參考方向及重點衡量的指標因素，避免的浪費太多時間及資源；推廣機構亦可參考本文的策略來推廣友善環境耕作
Micropropagation of Tolumnia Orchids through Induction of Protocorm-like Bodies from Leaf Segments
No full textA protocol for plant regeneration via direct induction of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) from leaf segments of Tolumnia Snow Fairy was developed as a basis for mass production. Ten-month-old, in vitro-grown donor plantlets were obtained by inducing shoots from buds on the flower stalk. Leaf segments harvested from plantlets of different heights and from expanding leaves at different positions were compared, as were two BA concentrations with 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA. The greatest rate of PLB induction (16.7%) was observed when leaf segments taken from 1-to 2-cm height plants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2 mg.L-1 BA and 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA after 16 weeks of culture. When using leaf explants, only inner, expanding leaves cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 4 mg.L-1 BA and 0.5 mg.L-1 NAA resulted in PLB induction, at an average rate of 25.5 PLBs per explant. After 16 weeks of culture, histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that PLBs originated from epidermal cells of leaf explants. PLBs of 1 to <= 2 mm in diameter continued to proliferate after 4 weeks of culture. These secondary PLBs could be produced from either whole PLBs or the upper side of PLBs. Finally, PLBs were regenerated into plantlets. After' approximate to 14 months of culture, fully developed plants exhibiting well-developed roots and shoots were acclimatized. These plants grew well, with 1-year survival rates of nearly 73%, for plants originating as explants taken from 1- to 2-cm tall plants, and of 79%, for plants originating as explants taken from inner leaves. Some mature plants flowered 1 year after transplantation. This study presents a simple system that can provide a large number of PLBs for mass propagation in a short time that can be converted into plants and also used for the new cultivars of Tolumnia orchids
(農業試驗所特刊第218)Helianthus anmuus Linn. Germplasm Illustrations
No full text根據聯合國糧食及農業組織（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Natiolns， FAQ)）發布的《穀物供求簡報》指出，西元2018年全球穀物產量可望超過26億噸，此可歸因於各類穀物豐收前景，提高了對糧食庫存增長的預期，並且其他諸如棕櫚油、大豆油與葵花籽油的報價也相繼提高，顯示世界各國日益重視各種糧食和油脂作物對於人類、農業、土壤及農村經濟等各方面的重要性
In Vitro and in Planta Evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum TA as a Biocontrol Agent Against Phellinus noxius, the Cause of Brown Root Rot Disease of Trees
No full textBrown root rot (BRR), caused by the white rot fungus Phellinus noxius, is an epidemic disease of diverse broadleaved and coniferous tree species in many tropical and subtropical regions. Flooding and trenching control measures are difficult to implement, and chemical controls can have an adverse impact on ecosystems. Previous studies have provided in vitro evidence for the potential use of Trichoderma spp. for biocontrol of BRR. Here, we analyzed the in vitro antagonistic and mycoparasitic abilities of four Trichoderma spp. isolates against four P. noxius isolates in dual culture and Ficus microcarpa wood blocks. A convenient inoculation system based on root inoculation of a highly susceptible loquat (Eriobonya japonica) with P. noxius-colonized wheat-oat grains was developed to examine the effect of Trichoderma treatment in planta. Preventive application of Trichoderma asperellum TA, the isolate showing high antagonistic activity in vitro, was effective in preventing and delaying the wilting of P. noxius-inoculated loquat cuttings in greenhouse trials. To understand the specific niche in which T. asperellum TA interacts with P. noxius, KOH-aniline blue fluorescence microscopy was used to investigate the colonization of loquat roots by P. noxius and/or T. asperellum TA. Dilution plating assays were also conducted to quantify Trichoderma populations in the rhizosphere and potting mix. T. asperellum TA was able to robustly establish in the rhizosphere and potting mix but with scarce root penetration limited to the superficial layer. We discuss the timing and strategy for applying antagonistic Trichodema sp. on living trees or in BRR-infested areas for BRR management