Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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利用逢機增殖多型性DNA(RAPD)探討台灣四個野生種大豆間之關係
No full textSuhgenus Glycine are general1y distributed in Australia, Micronesia, and southern China, but G. tomentella and G. tabacina can all be found in Taiwan, which is the northern most distribution area of subgenus Glycine. G. formosana of subgenus Soja are also found in Taiwan. However, these three wild species of soybeans are very complicated in the variation of morphological characters. In the past, their relationships in taxonomy were rather unclear. The researcher have investigated the morphological characters of Taiwanese wild soybean and re-classified these three species mentioned above into four species, G. tomentella, G. tabacina, G. dolichocarpa, and G. max ssp. formosana (Hosokawa) Tateishi et Ohashi. In this report, four species and G. soja was analyzed their interspecies relations by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD).
The results of RAPD analysis showed that G. soja and G. max ssp. formosana are the most closely-related among the five species, and that G. tabacina is the least related to the rest of the species. As a result, they can be classified into two groups: A) G. soja and G. max ssp. formosana; B) G. tomentella, G. tabacina, and G. dolichocarpa. In group A, the similarity coefficients are between 0.50 and 0.65, while being between 0.09 and 0.17 in group B.
台灣雖然是Glycine亞屬最北之分佈地區，有常見於澳洲Micronesia、南中國等地之G. tomentella及G. tabacina之自生種。但也有固有種Soja亞屬G. formosana之分佈。然而在台灣這三種植物之變異及分佈複雜，過去在分類學上較不一致。目前台灣自生之野生大豆依形態特徵由過去之三個種被重新區分為四個種：G. tomentella. G. tabacina, G. dolichocarpa, G. max ssp. formosana。因此本試驗以此分類之四個野生種加上G. soja共五個為材料，利用逢機增殖多型性DNA(RAPD)進行系統間關係之分析。
經RAPD分析的結果，此五個野生種大豆中最近緣的種為G. soja 與G. max ssp. formosana, 而最遠者為G. tabacina。而此五個種可區分為A) G. soja、G. max ssp. formosana 及B) G. tomentella、G. tabacina、G. dolichocarpa等兩群。其類似係數在A群為0.50~0.65，B群為0.18~0.38；而A與B群間為0.09~0.17
熱帶水果防檢疫現況與展望
No full text台灣地處亞熱帶及熱帶地區，氣候及環境適於作物生產及植物疫病蟲害發生與蔓延，其中東方果實蠅、檬果及蓮霧炭疸病、木瓜輸點病、荔枝細蛾及露疫病等，為生產及內外銷重要的限制因子。我國入世後，農業面臨嚴苛的挑戰，其中熱帶水果因品種優良、栽培技術先進，不論在內外銷市場應仍具有相當強的競爭力，而防疫及檢疫技術是否能有效提升及推廣應用，關乎該產業之興衰。以往我國在熱帶果樹疫病蟲害防治技術之研究與推廣上成績斐然，其中成效最突出的有檬果炭疽病早期偵測技術之研發、木瓜輪點病毒防治對策發展、利用抗病健康種苗防治香蕉黃葉病、蓮霧產期調節及防疫技術之改進、荔枝疫病蟲害綜合技術研發、東方果實蠅共同防治及外銷熱帶水果檢疫處理技術開發等。為強化我國熱帶水果產業之競爭力，今後應繼續努力發展整合性病蟲害管理（IPM）模式，以維護作物生產，確保農民收益，同時保育自然生態環境；推動重大疫病蟲害共同防治，建立非疫區或低流行區，以利內外銷市場之拓展；加強開發、改進檢疫處理技術，依WTO-SPS同等效力之原則，發展具有同等殺蟲、滅菌效果，而對品質傷害最小之檢疫處理技術，以強化外銷果品之競爭力
The Occurrence of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) in Taiwan
No full text西方花薊馬 (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)) 是嚴重危害農作物之害蟲，本種薊馬已在台灣發生並為害青椒、番茄及觀賞植物等，其分布目前侷限於南投縣仁愛鄉與台中市和平區海拔1,200 公尺以上之區域，刻正由官方防治，進行控制圍堵中。本入侵種在台灣之適應性及其與本地薊馬如台灣花薊馬 (F. intonsa (Trybom))及小黃薊馬 (Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood) 之共存與競爭關係，均值得未來關注。
The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious pest on agricultural crops. It was found in Taiwan affecting bell peppers, tomatoes, and ornamental plants. The occurrence of this invasive species restricted in Rei-ai Township in Nantou and Heping District in Taichung of central Taiwan, only in areas with elevators higher than 1,200 m. Official control is being conducted to prevent its spread. Adaptation of this thrips in Taiwan and its coexistence or competition with local thrips such as F. intonsa (Trybom) and Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood are worth of future investigation
The occurrence of sesame witches’ broon in Taiwan
No full text本病依其花器葉化症狀暫稱為芝麻簇葉病。本病在臺灣之發生，首由作者於1970年在民雄發現。本病病徵為花器葉化並因葉化花之異常分蘗而形成帚狀簇生分枝，病株少有結實。
本病可經嫁接傳染，夏季間之嫁接傳染試驗結果，其發病潛伏期在18至44天。本病不能經由病株汁液接種傳染，亦不能經由芝麻病株之種子傳染。
The sesame witches’ broom was first recognized in Mingshung, Chiayi in 1970, and it was a newly recorded disease in this island.
The diseased plants have phylloid flowers, shortening of the upper internodes and bearing seldom fruit. The abnormal shoots growing from the crowded phylloid flowers showed the typical witches’ broom symptom.
The disease could be transmitted by graft inoculation and the incubation period of infected sesame plants inoculated by grafting was ranged from 18 to 44 days in the summer.
The disease could not be transmitted by sap inoculation or through seeds of affected sesame plants
STUDIES ON THE WITCHES' BROOM OF SWEET POTATO (III) CONTACT PERIOD IN GRAFT TRANSMISSION
No full text本試驗自1968年10月至1970年4月間在嘉義農業試驗分所，從事甘藷簇葉病嫁接傳染試驗，比較各季節之嫁接合時間與嫁接傳染之關係，試驗結果，顯示木病需經嫁接接合8至10天以上始得嫁接傳染。春季（3月間）行穗接時，接合7天以下者，其傳染率為0，8天者為20%，31天者為100%。夏季（7月間）8天以下者為0，9天者20%，33天者為100%。秋季（10月間）9天以下者0，10天者為10%，32天者為80%。而靠接法嫁接傳染結果（5月至7月問），接合7天以下者其傳染率為0，8天者為20%，30天者為100%。春季之嫁接傳染速度較快，夏季次之，秋季又次之。而靠接法與德接法所得結果相似，沖繩1號與新竹1號兩所不同品種之砧木似無差異。
This paper reports the relationship of inoculum-receptor contact period to the rate of graft transmissiom of sweet potato witches' broom disease.
In experiments in which infected inoculum (Chin-kna-chie variety) was removed daily from healthy receptor (Okinawa 100, and Hsinchu 1. variety), the following transmission rates observed:
(1) 0 with an noculurn-receptor contact period of 7 day, 20% of 8 day and 100% of 31 day in the spring time.
(2) 0 of 8 day, 20% of 9 day and 100% of 33 day in the summer.
(3) 0 of 9 day, 10% of 10 day and 80%of 32 day in the autumn.
(4) 0 of 7 day, 20% of 8 day and 100% of 30 day during spring to summer time.
The sweet potato varieties involved in the inoculum-receptor combinations did not measurably influence the rate of graft transmission.
These results are comparable to those deseribed by Bennett (1943), Kunkel (1938) and Fridlund (1967)
Dithane M-22在洋菇上餘毒遺留量之測定
No full text洋菇褐斑病年來成為本省洋姑重要病害之一，其影響產量及品質甚大；據本所病理系之試驗結果，施用D1thane M-22，能有效防治該病之發生。茲因藥劑在菇體上之遣毒餘留量問題為國人所重視，筆者等特設計本試驗，以測定其遺毒餘留量，以檢討其安全性。其測定方決係採用Thomas E. Cullen之Dithio carbamate之分析法。
試驗內容包括覆土處理及菇體處理二組。「覆土處理」係於子實體未出土前即施藥於覆上上。8日後，子實體成熟即採同測定其遺毒量。「菇體處理」係施藥於出土2-3日之小子實體。施藥後每隔一日測定一次，至第五日子實體成熟為止。兩組所施濃度為0.1%及0.2%二種；．用量均為800ml／坪
