Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Establish Integrated Fertilization Methods and Evaluation with Verification of Microbial fertilizers Effect in Tao-yuan District
No full text近年來行政院農業委員會農糧署大力推動友善環境農業，提出許多補助措 施，其中包含國產微生物肥料補助，希能引導農民使用微生物肥料，藉以改善農 田地力，替代部分化學肥料，並帶動微生物肥料產業發展。補貼標的以農糧署網站公告登載推薦國產微生物肥料品牌名單為限，目前可以選擇之微生物肥料商品達24 個，其中溶磷菌肥料商品佔22 個。為了解溶磷菌肥料於田間施用之功效，本場於2017 年及2018 年分別進行溶磷菌肥料產品肥 (功) 效田間驗證試驗，栽種需磷肥較高如青割玉米、嫩莖萵苣及紅莧菜進行田間試驗。結果顯示，溶磷菌肥料效果與土壤有效性磷具有相關性，若土壤有效磷缺乏，則所施用之溶磷菌肥料效果有限，另雖然施用溶磷菌肥料未見明顯增產效果，但若在肥力較高之土壤環境，減少化學肥料用量並配合使用溶磷菌微生物肥料，仍可達到一定的產量水準。
Quantitative indicators of activity of microbial fertilizer and evaluation methods of fertilizer (work efficiency) will be established to provide a reference for the future revision of the commodity specification of microbial fertilizer by the Agricultural Development and Reform Commission to ensure the quality of microbial fertilizer products and protect the rights of farmers. 2017 of microbial fertilizer products field evaluation methods established, the test crop is feed corn, according to the amount of fertilizer in the soil to adjust the amount of farmland soil and fertilizer on the two kinds of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria regularly to observe the impact on the yield. The results showed that the effects of using phosphate solubilizing fertilizer on the yield of maize under different phosphorus contents were all different. 2018 Establishing a field evaluation method for the fertilizer effect of phosphate-dissolving bacteria fertilizer products in Tao-yuan area and experiments of integrating phosphorus-dissolving bacteria microbial fertilizer with chemical fertilizer or organic fertilizer integrated fertilization method, Asparagus lettuce and Red Amaranth was tested in the field. The results showed that the yield difference between the treatments was not significant, although the application of the phosphate solubilizing fertilizer did not significantly increase the yield, but the reduction of the amount of chemical fertilizer and the use of phosphorus-dissolving bacteria microbial fertilizer conditions, can still achieve a certain level of production
(69(1): 1-10)Evaluation of the Effects of Spraying Cucumber Seedlings with Salicylic Acid Mixed Solution (SMC Solution) on Cotton Aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover)
No full text本研究測試小黃瓜植株噴施0.01% 水楊酸 (salicylic acid)、水楊酸甲酯 (methyl salicylate) 及氯化膽鹼(choline chloride) 混合溶液 (0.01% SMC)，對小黃瓜植株及棉蚜之影響。結果顯示，噴施處理組之植株呈現顯著較高的株高、葉片數及花數，而分別以噴施、揮發、種子浸泡及澆灌等方法使用0.01% SMC 處理後，棉蚜數量分別約為對照組的64.0、67.8、61.3 及66.1%。其中，噴施0.01% SMC 處理組，僅需施用1 次即可使小黃瓜植株產生對棉蚜的防禦效果，且可持效5 wk。戶外盆栽試驗部分，結果顯示於噴施0.01% SMC 於「新蜜」、「秀燕」及「阿秀」等小黃瓜植株後，棉蚜的天敵累計數量顯著高於對照組及農藥處理組；而棉蚜數量則分別約為對照組的67.3、80.1 及89.7%，但均顯著高於農藥處理組。試驗結果顯示，小黃瓜植株噴施0.01%SMC 具有促進植株生長及減輕棉蚜危害之效果，具潛力開發做為棉蚜非農藥防治的輔助資材。
This study presents the effect of 0.01% SMC (0.01% mixed solution of salicylic acid, methyl salicylate and choline chloride) on cucumber seedlings and cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover). Significant higher height and number of leaves and flowers were found on the cucumber seedlings sprayed with 0.01% SMC than control. Cotton aphid number from cucumber seedlings treated with 0.01% SMC by spraying, volatile, seed soaking and irrigating were ca. 64.0, 67.8, 61.3 and 66.1%, respectively, of that on control cucumber seedlings. Cucumber seedlings sprayed with 0.01% SMC one time could induce defensive effect to cotton aphid and effectiveness lasted 5 wk. Results from outdoor pot tests showed that significant higher cumulative natural enemies number of cotton aphid on the cucumber seedlings ‘Xin mi’, ‘Xiu yan’ and ‘A xiu’ sprayed with 0.01% SMC than control and pesticide treatment; cotton aphid numbers were ca. 67.3, 80.1 and 89.7%, respectively, of that on control cucumber seedlings but all significant higher than pesticide treatment. These results revealed that 0.01% SMC could promote growth of cucumber seedlings and reduce cotton aphid infestations. The 0.01% SMC could be as an assistant tool for cotton aphid non-pesticide control program. Farmland tests are necessary to confirm the efficiency of this treatment before further use
The Effect of Several Chemicals and Fungicidal Waxes on Decay Control in Loose-Skinned Oranges
No full text椪柑與桶柑爲臺灣最重要的外銷柑桔，惟因不耐貯連，外銷腐損有高達三分之二者。本實驗旨在研究採收後藥劑及塗臘處理。對於控制椪柑及桶柑腐敗之效果與價值。供試柑桔於果旁作一深0.8~1.1mm，長1.5~2.0cm之十字刻傷。以毛筆用綠微及青微混合孢子之水懸液（每c.c約有孢子一百至一百五十萬個）接種。而後以Dowicide A, Borax-boric acid, Thiabendazole (TBZ), Benlate (D-1991)等藥劑之水溶液及乳臘消毒。另於接種後0，12，18，24，36和48小時消毒。果實處理後置於68°F及85~90%r.h.之恒溫室內。隔3，7，14，及21天檢查果實之腐爛率。茲將結果摘要如下：
(1)晚期採收之椪柑，腐損率甚高。此因果實過熟而使其活力降低之故。桶柑帶葉及果柄採收者，開簍後四天約有百分之三十因機械損傷而腐爛。
(2)單以水臘(Fresher 1:10)塗於果面，未能防止微菌之生長。故不應視其有防腐之作用。
(3)Dowicide A, Borax-boric acid TBZ, 及Benlate不論是水溶液或加入水臘中均有防腐效果。TBZ及Benlate之水溶液濃度低至250ppm仍有防腐效果。其效果似依濃度之增加而增大。且濃度雖高達2000ppm仍無損及果皮之現象發生。
(4)TBZ及Benlate在椪柑接種後置於68°F 24小時內處理，仍有防腐之效果。對於桶柑方面，於接種後置於68°F 24小時內以TBZ處理亦有防腐之效果。但Benlate僅在接種後18小時內處理者有防腐效果。
(5)桶柑接種後腐敗速度較晚期椪柑爲快，此可能是桶柑於濕季採收，果內水分及膨壓較高之故。及刻傷之深度與腐敗率有關。
TBZ及Benlate爲最近發現之柑桔果實防腐藥劑。TBZ已得美國食物藥品管理局允許使用，而Benlate則正進行試驗中。故對於臺灣外銷之柑桔，TBZ似乎值得推薦使用。
Several chemicals, namely, borax and boric acid Dowicide A, Thiabendazele (TBZ). and Benlate (D-199l) were tested separately in water solution and wax emulsion for control of penicillium mold decay in loose-skinned oranges. The oranges were scratc-inoculated with mold spores and incubated at 68°F for 0, 12, 18, 24, 36, and 48 hours before fungicidal treatment The inuculation process was carried out by means of a smear with a Chinese writing brush dipped in a concentrate spate suspension (approximately 1-1.5 mil-lion per c. c.) The teat oranges were held at 68°F and 85-90% r. h. for 3 weeks and inspected for decay at intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment
The late-season Ponkan oranges have a higher rate of decay than the mid-season oranges due to a lower vitality. Bath TBZ and Benlate showed a long or antifungal function on mold control than borax-boric acid and Dowicide A and seemed to have a higher fugistat effect on germination of mold spares having effective decay control at the concentration of 250ppm and no peel injury at 2000ppm. TBZ and Benlate in water solution and in wax emulsion were equally effective. However, Fresher water-wax (a commercial wax) alone was not effective to control citron decay. TBZ and Benlate of l000ppm controlled decay in the Ponkan oranges incubated or 24 hrs. With Tankan oranges, TBZ controlled decay in the fruit incubated for 24 hrs while Benlate was only effective in the fruit incubated for 18 hrs. Thus, we would recommend to treat Ponkaw with TBZ or Benlate within 24 hrs after the possible infection has occurred, and Tankan within 18 hrs
(農業試驗所特刊第222號)作物土壤管理與施肥技術 蔬菜與雜糧篇(電子書)
No full text作物施肥手冊自1972年編印出版，歷經1975，1983、1987、2005等年度修訂再版，已10餘年。近年推動合理化施肥與田間調查過程，發現推薦施肥量與農友實際施肥量產生差距，且與品質密切相關之次要與微量要素之土壤管理，很少著墨，以至於農友參考使用與閱讀率低
Compatibility of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria Toward Crops with High Phosphorus Demand
No full text本研究針對菌株是否可在根表面拓殖特性進行探討，篩選具移動性、生成IAA 與ACC 脫氨酶的溶磷菌株，於甘藍菜、番茄、菠菜種子進行生物分析及三角瓶栽試驗，瞭解菌株對種子發芽與幼苗生長的影響，並以螢光原位雜合與純系分離株分子指紋分析確認接種菌株在植株根系的分布評估相容性，另於溫室中以盆栽試驗探討接種菌株對三種作物生長的影響並評估菌株在微棲地環境中的適應性。測試溶磷菌配合3 種作物的種子生物分析與三角瓶栽試驗，結果顯示其中2 株菌可提高瓶栽甘藍菜地上部乾重、4 株菌可提高瓶栽番茄地上部乾重、3 株菌可提高瓶栽菠菜地上部乾重，利用純系分離株BOX-PCR 分子指紋分析與16S rRNA 基因螢光探針EUB338 之雜合技術均顯示菌株於根系生長30 天後仍可存活於根表面。經相容性測試篩選出之菌株進行盆栽試驗，顯示可提高盆栽甘藍菜生質量具適應性之菌種為Bacillus marisflavi 與Pseudoarthrobacter niigatensis；可提高盆栽番茄生質量具適應性之菌種為Brevundimonas albigilva 與Gordonia hongkongensis；可提高盆栽菠菜生質量具適應性之菌種為Bacillus xiamenensis 與Paraburkholderia sacchari。
The present study was undertaken to study the colonizing behavior of phosphate solubilizing bacteria toward crops with high phosphorus demand. Motility, IAA and ACC deaminase producing abilities of phosphate solubilizing bacteria were screened first to obtain superior candidates. Bacterial inoculations were performed in seed bioassay and flask experiment. Considered for plant growth and bacterial colonization, the compatibilities of phosphate solubilizing bacteria toward cabbage, spinach and tomato were evaluated. The niche fitness of bacteria in soils will also be demonstrated in pot experiment. Out of the tested 35 strains were subjected to seed bioassay, and 8, 8, 3 strains were beneficial to seed germination of cabbage, tomato and spinach, respectively. Among them, 2 strains increased dry weight of above part of cabbage, 4 strains increased dry weight of above part of tomato, and 3 strains increased dry weight of above part of spinach. After 30 days of cultivation, inoculated strains still survived on root surface, as demonstrated using BOX-PCR fingerprinting of re-isolated strains and fluorescence in situ hybridization technique with EUB338 probe. Pot experiments showed that Bacillus marisflavi and Pseudoarthrobacter niigatensis can promote growth of cabbage, Brevundimonas albigilva and Gordonia hongkongensis can promote growth of tomato while Bacillus xiamenensis and Paraburkholderia sacchari can promote growth of spinach
Comparing the Protection Imparted by Different Fraction Extracts of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Der p-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in Mice
No full textGarlic (Allium sativum L.) has been used extensively as a food ingredient and medicinally, but the effect on asthmatic airway inflammation has not been studied in detail. We accordingly explored the protective effects exerted by various garlic fraction extracts against airway inflammation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p)-induced allergic asthma in vivo and in vitro. Garlic extraction was realized using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and water in sequence to obtain different fraction extracts. Mice were orally administered different fractions (80 mg/kg) daily for four weeks. The histological results showed that the water fraction could ameliorate lung-based goblet cell hyperplasia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mucus hypersecretion. The water fraction extracts decreased IgE and IgG1, and they decreased inflammatory cells as quantified in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); however, they increased IgG2a in serum. Moreover, the water fraction extracts increased IFN-gamma and IL-12 (both constituting Th1 cytokines) in BALF, but they reduced IL-13, -4, and -5 (all constituting Th2 cytokines), and also inhibited the expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. The water fraction also inhibited the PI3K/Akt/NF-kappa B signal pathways in A549 cells. These findings suggest that water fraction extracts of garlic have a clear anti-inflammatory effect on Der p-induced allergic asthma