Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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An Analysis of the Formation of Lugu Shiang Tea Producing Area in Taiwan
No full text產地形成是指特定地區運用產地營運機制與產地間競爭策略而促成其產地能有效率的達到高度發展之目標。本研究針對鹿谷鄉茶葉產地，採群組茶葉專家SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats)模式分析並整合成策略規劃的發展指標，期能供為鹿谷鄉茶葉產地發展為高度主產地之參考依據。研究結果顯示：
一、鹿谷鄉茶葉產地形成階段性發展層次之定位劃分，依序為「茶葉生產地區」、「茶葉產地」、「茶葉主產地」及「高度茶葉主產地」階段。研究結果顯示鹿谷鄉茶葉產地發展階段之層次，尚未達到第四階段之「高度茶葉主產地」階段。
二、鹿谷鄉茶葉高品質特殊化之S-W策略目標為：
（一）應建立茶葉品質商品化的策略目標，此可藉由規劃茶葉併堆技術加以達成。
（二）應訂定產地茶葉品質分級標準化的策略目標，形成促使消費者認同其茶葉確為高品質的市場區隔。
（三）應建立產地的茶葉品質在全國市場上所具有的信譽特殊性。
三、鹿谷鄉全國性品牌特徵化之O-T策略目標為：
（一）應提昇其產地品牌達到全國性品牌形象之策略目標，此可規劃藉由結合產地文化與產地休閒等加以形象包裝。
（二）應提高其產地品牌競爭性之策略目標，此可規劃自我品牌發展並進行市場區隔而達成。
（三）應提昇其產地品牌服務形象之策略目標而達成促使消費者對其產地產生品牌的信心、滿意及忠誠。
The formation of a highly developed and competitive tea producing area involves applying specific mechanisms and strategies. The study on the Lugu Shiang Tea Producing Area was conducted using the SWOT-analysis method and defines a development objective aid strategic plan. The analysis and results will be used as a strategic plan for further development of a ”Highly Developed Tea Producing Area”. The results of these studies were as follows:
1. The stages of development of ”Lugu Shiang Tea Producing Area” were ”Tea Producing Site”, ”Tea Producing Area”, ”Major Tea Producing Area” and ”Highly Developed Major Tea Producing Area”. In this study and analysis we found that Lugu Shiang is not a ”Highly Developed Major Tea Producing Area”.
2. The main S-W Strategic Plans for Lugu Shiang to become a ”Highly Developed Tea Specialty Producing Area” are as follows: (1). The standardization of the area's tea quality can be ensured by enhancing research and development in Tea Blending Technology. (2). The Lugu Shiang tea producers should establish their own quality classification grades in concert with consumers to be easily able to identify Lugu Shiang tea quality. (3). The strategic planning of Lugu Shiang tea will be nationwide as a fatuous specialty tea.
3. The main O-T strategic measures will be as follows: (1). The Lugu Shiang Tea brand can be promoted using cultural and recreational activities. This will cause the brand to become familiar to consumers nationwide. (2). The brand strategic planning will be competitive, with Lugu Shiang tea producers enhancing the quality and quantity. The establishment of individually grown local brands will lead to marketing diversification. (3) The Lugu Shiang Specialty Tea brand will have to be marketed as a specialty tea: Consumers will gain confidence, satisfaction and loyalty to the brand when it is established
Variation in ISSR DNA Markers among Varieties of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cultivated in Taiwan
No full text本研究以DNA分子標誌評估台灣甘藷品種之遺傳變異，共篩選100條ISSR引子，獲得81個具多型性之分子標誌，其中23個分子標誌具有訊號較強之穩定條帶，可利用於建立台灣地區甘藷品種之DNA指紋資料庫。甘藷品種之遺傳相似性分析結果顯示台灣主要甘藷品種間之遺傳距離介於12.5%到94.4%之間，各品種間之平均遺傳距離為54.9%，利用多向雜交族群所選育之新品種分散在各個樹狀圖分群中，顯示台灣新育成甘藷品種已具有較大程度的遺傳歧異性。分群分析及主成份分析結果均發現台灣甘藷品種群與中國大陸品種群有較大之遺傳距離，顯示中國大陸甘藷種原未來可利用於雜交親本之潛力。而主成份分析結果亦推薦一套有效率之品種鑑定流程，此一流程以6條引子所增幅之14個分子標誌為工具。分別以兩個塊根用（台農66號及桃園1號）及兩個葉菜用甘藷品種（桃園2號及台農71號）為材料探討無性繁殖可能產生之遺傳變異，分析相同品種不同植株之ISSR分子標誌之差異，各個參試品種調查約2,640~3,510個分子標誌，發現品種內約有0.94%~1.86%之ISSR分子標誌變異。本研究所建立甘藷品種之DNA分子指紋資料將可供甘藷品種鑑定、品種繁殖及品種改良之參考。
To evaluate the genetic diversity of sweet potato varieties collected in Taiwan, ISSR DNA markers were applied in this study. Eighty-one informative markers detecting differences among varieties were proposed after the screen of 100 primers. And 23 out of these markers with strong and stable bands were used to establish DNA fingerprints of each variety and to evaluate the genetic diversity among germplasm. Results of genetic similarity analysis revealed the genetic distance among varieties ranged from 12.5% to 94.4%, and the average distance was 54.9%. The new varieties selected from polycross populations were distiribtued in different groups of cluster analysis indicating the wide diversity among the varieties. However, large genetic distance between varieties developed in Taiwan and germplasm introduced from China was observed both in cluster analysis and principal component coordinate analysis suggesting the potential uses of China germplasm as breeding parents in the future. In addition, an effective scheme, employing 6 primers to amplify 14 polymorphic markers, for variety identification was proposed. To detect somatic variation that resulted from vegetative propagation, individual plants from 2 varieties (TNG 66 and TAY 1) for tube production and 2 (TNG 71 and TAY 2) for leaf production were tested with ISSR markers. About 0.94%~1.86% of ISSR DNA variation for each variety was detected from 2640~3510 surveyed markers. The DNA fingerprints developed in this study would provide information for variety identification, clonal propagation, and genetic improvement of sweet potato
The Irrigation on Banana
No full text(一)香蕉灌水之週次及水量之多少有增高植株之效果，對增大莖粗似不明顯。
(二)香蕉灌水之次數較灌水之量更為重要。
(三)香蕉灌溉次數相隔愈近，少量灌水較多量灌水為優。
(四)香蕉二週灌水一次較三週灌水一次為佳， 二週灌40公厘又較60公厘為優。
(五)香蕉灌水可維持青菜數及新葉生長。
(六)香蕉灌水可以促進提早抽穗
Preliminary Report of the Influences of Cultural Practices on the Incidence of Bunchy Top Disease and Yield of Banana in Central Taiwan
No full text中部由坡地蕉園不同耕作管理方法，對萎縮病發生消長之形響據，初步試驗結果，各種處理間有顯著差異。三試區三年平均發病率以灌溉處理最低(20.6%)，其次爲施猪糞尿與覆蓋，病株不更新的對照最高(28.4%)。不同處理對香蕉植株生育與産量影響差異不顯著，乃因試驗期間尚短，各種處理之效果尚未顯著，其中以覆蓋處理最高。
每公頃減去萎縮病損失產量後之估計產量，三試區平均以覆蓋處理最高，每公頃達14563.8公斤，其次爲灌溉，每公頃14196.72公斤，比病株不更新的處理各增産12.18%與9.35%，足見山坡地蕉園覆蓋與冬旱期間灌溉，以保持土壤水分之管理，對減少萎縮病之發生提及高單位面積之産量有良好的效果。又隨時處理萎縮病病株，並更新補植健苗，亦可抑止萎縮病之蔓延，而減少病害損失。
Experiment on the influences of cultural practices on the incidence of bunchy top disease and yield of banana was conducted by the Chia-yi Agricultural Experiment Sation, TARI, from 1967 to 1969 at three localities, namely, Lun-Lung, Yung-Hsing and Chun-Kun, in Nantou Hsien where the bunchy top disease often attacked seriously on banana plantations. Seven treatments of, different cultural practices and farm managements were adopted in the experiment as follow:
A. Applying with pig's excreta once two months interval and replanting the diseased plants.
B. Mulching with straws and replanting the diseased plants.
C. Irrigating once two weeks interval during dry season and replanting the diseased plants.
D. Planting cover crop and replanting the diseased plants.
E. Spraying with 800 times of Malathion to kill the vector insect and replanting the diseased plants.
F. No treatment but replanting the diseased plants.
G. Without any treatment as control.
Based on the preliminary results obtained, it was showed significant differences among the various treatments on the infection percentage of bunchy top. All trentments were less infected by the disease than those of control. The irrigation treatment gave the best result on reduction incidence of bunchy top disease. (Table 1). However, there were no significant differences to be found out among the treatments on the plant growth and yield of banana (Table 2).
The losses of yield due to the bunchy top disease were very greatly in each treatment, As it was estimated from the bunch weight and infection percentage of bunchy top, all treatments outyielded from 1.58% to 12.18% than the control one. Moreover, the mulching and irrigating treatment showed the highest yield increased 12.18% and 9.35%, respectively, as compared with the control (Table 3). Therefore, it is important to indicate that the management by holding up soil moisture, such as mulching or irrigating, during the dry season on hillside plantations not only can reduce the percentage of bunchy top disease but also can increased the production of banana. On the other hand, if all diseased plants were destroyed as soon as symptoms appeared, so that they could not be transmitted by banana aphids to healthy plants, the disease could efficiently be reduced the proportions
The Influence of Differential Supplies of Plant Nutritions on Growth, Yield, Quality and Seed Production of Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)
No full text植物營養對甜椒之生育、產量、品質及種子生產有影響，磷肥對甜椒之初期生育及產量之效應較氮肥及鉀肥大，三要素間之交感作用對產量之差異不顯著。磷肥對果肉厚度之效應亦較大，氮肥對果實貯藏力之效應較大，磷肥次之，鉀肥最小。缺氮肥會減低正常種子數目。缺鉀肥有提早種子發芽之趨勢。又NPK各處理間，每果雜交種子之平均數比普通種子之平均數較低40%左右。缺乏鎂、鉬元素，對甜椒之生育稍有影響。缺乏硼素對產量有影響，且果肉厚度有顯著差異，果實硬度及貯藏力在各處理間之差異不大。微量元素對種子生產發芽率及發芽勢等無很大影響，水份供給對甜椒之初期生育及產量有影響，每一作所需之供水量應為320mm以上。
1. The responses of plant growth at early stage and yield to phosphorus were relatively great in this experiment. The F value for main effects of P with all yield measurements was significant at 596 level. While, Nand K had little effect on growth and yield measurements. There were not any interaction effects between N, P and K. The response of flesh thickness to P was slight great, while P had little effect on firmness of pepper fruits. Both response of ascorbic acid content in pepper fruits to supply of K and response of keeping quality of green pepper fruits to supply of N were also relatively great. There was not a high correlation between the weight of red mature hybrid fruit produced by hand pollination and number of normal seeds per fruit. The coefficient of correlation was +0.397. Percentage of normal seeds was depressed by low N. Seeds from low K treatment declined in germination faster than did seeds from the complete treatment. In general, average number of hybrid seeds per fruit between NPK treatments was 40% lower than that of natural pollinated seeds. 2.The supplies of Mg, B, Mo minor elements seemed to have some slight effects on growth, yield and quality measurements. Mg and Mo deficiency resulted in smaller plant growth. B deficiency resulted in low yields. B deficiency also resulted in flesh thickness significantly different at the 596 level, but did not significantly affect on firmness and shelf life of green pepper fruits. Also, the supply of minor elements seemed to have little effect on seed production including average number of seeds per fruit, average weight of seeds per fruit, weight of 1000normal seeds, percentage of germination and rate of germination. 3. The differential supply of water was shown to have effects on plant's growth and yield measurements. The water requirement for one crop of peppers seemed to need more than 320mm. The correlation between water supply and flesh thickness was very poor, as the coefficient of correlation was -0.020!J. Water supply also had little effects on shelf life of green mature fruits and percentage of normal seeds from red mature fruits