Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Institutional RepositoryNot a member yet
10534 research outputs found
Sort by
不同溫度對木耳(Auricularia polytricha (Mont.) Sacc.)菌絲活力影響之研究
No full text四種木耳菌株以0，5，10，20，28，35，40及45℃溫度處理24，28及72小時，發現在不同溫度處理期中，20℃以下或35℃以上溫度對木耳菌絲之活力有嚴重影響，處理後移至28℃培養時，經一般溫度處理之菌絲活力要在36小時後才能漸漸恢復，但40℃以上高溫處理者，仍無法恢復其正常活力。各種不同溫度處理對木耳菌絲活力之影響與處理時間有很大關係，處理24小時者活力恢復較處理45小時或72小時者爲快，處理48小時者又比72小時爲快，此種差異至爲明顯，甚至在28℃環境下培養72小時，仍然無法消除處理時間對菌絲活力的顯著影響。
Four isolates of Auricularia polytricha were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 28, 35, 40 or 45℃ for 24, 48 or 72 hours to study the effect of temperature on the growth vigor of the mycelium. It was found that the growth vigor of the mycelium was significantly affected when it was treated with the temperature of either below 20℃ or higher than 35℃. More than 36 hours of incubation at 28℃ was needed for recovering the vigor of mycelium, but it was hardly recovered when ft was treated with 45℃ or higher temperature. The reduction of growth vigor was in proportion to the duration of temperature treatment. The longer treatment of unfavorable temperature needed the longer tune for the recovery of mycelial vigo
An Investigation on the Factors Causing the Yield Reduction of Irwin Mango (Mangifera indica L.) in Yu-chin Area of Tainan County
No full text玉井檬果最近連續數年結果不良，經調查獲出主要原因有二：（一）植株生長衰弱；由于過去密植果園已呈擁擠，在未適時修剪，疏伐，兼之多年不施肥料情形下，樹勢生長已極度衰弱，失却結果能力，爲減産之自然趨勢。（二）藥害影響：玉井杲農爲防治檬果病蟲害所噴藥液，大多超過安全濃度。每次所配噴液多達4種藥劑或更多，導致葉片，花器與着果等藥害現象極爲顯著，葉片與著果大多早落，成爲人爲減産之重要原因。由于長期藥害造成之葉片衰弱，光化功能不彰，能産生之正常果實極爲稀少。在肥料超過其需要情形下，氮肥愈多，産生之小果(nubbins)亦愈多。此種肥料超過其正常需要而産生小果之表現，是檬果特性，近年進口之新藥爲賽文，亞素靈與萬靈等，經開花前，開花中與開花後之著果初期分別單獨試驗後，未曾發現藥害現象，菓實産量與對照無差異，證明以上藥劑對檬果不是具疏果作用。
In recent years the reducing yields of the Irwin mango in Yu-Ching area has become worse. In this investigation, two factors were found to he mostly related to the yield reduction: (1) Poor growth of the plant due to over-crowded crown without prunning and thinning at proper time as well as no application of fertilizer to the soil for seveal consecutive years, so that most of the shoots of the plant became too weak to set fruits. (2) Damage of chemical agents: For controlling diseases and insect pests, fungicides and insecticides were usually mixed in solutions for spraying at the same time, and the concentrations of individual agent were usually much higher than the regulation permitted. Spraying of such mixed solution reoulteP in the damaging of the foliage, flower and fruitsetting. Several days after spraying, it could be easily found that the leaves became discolored, thicker and hardier, and the growth of young leaves were inhibited. The damaged leaves always shed much earlier. In time of blooming, the flower usually became wilting and during the period of fruit-setting, the development of the fruit was inhibited. Afterwards, the fruits dropped seriously. Moreover, if too much N fertilizer was applied even under good management a large amount of small fruits (nubbins) would appear, but not increase in number of normal fruits.
Solutions of Sevin (85% W. P. diluted to 400 times with water), Azodrin (55% E., diluted to 2000 times with water) and Lannate (90% W. P. diluted to 2000 times with water) were test to spray individually on the foliage, flower and setting-fruit of the Irwin mango throughout all periods of blooming, and no damages were found to occur on the foliage, flower and no fruit-thinning effect was detected either. It is suggested that the fruit dropping and the occurrence of small fruits (nubbins) of the plant under good management might be dun to the damage caused by too heavy concentration of the chemical agents used
Studies on Sunburn Disorder of Pineapple Fruits (I) Relationship between Exocarp Temperature of Pineapple Fruit and the Occurrence of Sunburn Disorder
No full text1. 鳳梨日燒現象為發育中的果賞，受強烈日照，吸收過量熟能，灼傷果皮及果肉細胞組織，引起土生理病害。
2. 就果實方位而言，日燒病主要發生在西面與東面之果皮; 就果實部位而言， 除倒伏植沫外，直立植株日燒病大都發生在果肩部位。
3. 鳳梨果皮受熱， 溫度上升至40°C以上，若持續維持3 小時以上，便可能發生日燒現象。
4. 發育初期之果實， 因果汁含量低， 即使受相當的日照， 仍不致發生日燒， 隨著果質的發育，果汁含量逐漸增加，果皮受到陽光照射，熱能被果實內水份吸收，不易散失，長時間維持高溫，便發生日燒現象
5.紮葉於果實頂端， 可減少受光時間， 並降低果皮溫度， 避兔日燒現象的發生。
1. The occurrence of physiological disorder of sunburn on pineapple fruits is due to an excessive exposure of strong sunshine on exocarp or mesocarp tissues of growing fruits. 2. Sunburn occurrs mainly in west and east exocarps of a fruit and fruit shoulder in normal upright growing fruits' 3 If the fruit temperature exceeds 40°C and lasts more than 3 hours, the sunburn occurs. 4. The most young fruits which contain less juice are free from sunburn. However, the mature fruits containing more juice are easy to suffer under sunburn. This is supposed that the mature fruits contain more juice with higher sugar content which absorb much more solar energy and are easily to be heated up. 5. Leaf-bunching beyond the fruits lowers the fruit temperature and reduce the number of sunburned fruits
Identification of Sexual Embryo by Genetic Marker in Polyembryonic Citrus
No full text以白色胚之晚白柚和蜜柚花粉，分別授粉於黃綠色胚之四季桔，果實於即將成熟時採收，檢查種子之胚數與胚色。以蜜柚授粉者平均胚數4.1，以晚白柚授粉者2.4，胚色區分爲乳白色、黃綠色及介於兩者間之淡黃綠色？每－雜交種子中至多出現一個乳白色胚，爲有性胚，其所萌發之幼苗皆具有柚類之大型葉片；黃綠色胚所萌發之幼苗，其特徵與四季桔相同，爲珠心胚；淡黃綠色胚甚少，成活的五株中，四株爲有性胚。
Calamondin (C. madurensis Lour.) was pollinated with two varieties of pummelo (C grandis (Linn.) Osbeck), ”Mi-youh” and ”Wan-pai-youh” Xenia phenomenon was found In hybrid seeds, and zygotic embryos were identified by its colour. In nine month old, all the seedlings germinated from cream embryos, which have. large leaves are zygotic,. and nucellar seedlings germinated from yellow green. embryos. Among the, five survived seedlings germinating from pale yellow green embryos, four of them are zygotic and the other one is nucellar
Associated Analysis of Isozymes and Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) Resistance in Mustard (Brassica Juncea (L.) Czerniak.)
No full text以抗蕪菁嵌紋病毒(TuMV)的苗栗芥菜（R型）和感病的新竹、竹北芥菜（S型）進行七種酵素比較分析；三品種間GOT酵素個體間條帶型均一致沒有差異，基酶圖呈單態型。SkDH和PRX在抗病品系(R)與感病品系(S)有一處不一樣的條帶型，而ACP-α-5群有二處相異的條帶型。後裔檢定以抗病品系（苗栗）感病品系（竹北）的雜交F1及F2代族群，分析ACP，PRX和SkDH之變異性，在雜交F1代各個體中三種酵素表現型（F1型）皆很一致，具表現兩親本型的共顯性現象。F2子代在差異區ACP-α-5F、ACP-α-5S、SkDH-1及PRX-1的分離顯示這些異型酶爲單元體，由後裔分析，知四個相異區爲單一因子遺傳；其基因座分別命名爲Acp-α-5F、Acp-α-5S、Skdh-1和Prx-1,可提供作爲遺傳指標。兩參試品系經接種調查F1、F2代之發病情形，並分析病徵與四個酵素基因表現型之關係；F1代大都均呈現抗、耐病性，顯示抗病性有顯性因子參予；F2分離族群病徵分四群：無病徵（抗病）、脈透明化（耐病）、嵌紋病（感病）和嚴重嵌紋狀（嚴重感病），並分析ACP-α，PRX和SkDH的表現型顯示ACP-α-F，ACP-α-S，SsDH-1和抗病性無相關性，而PRX-1之抗病型（R型），出現40%的抗病株和55%的耐病株，初步顯示，PRX-1和抗病性有關。Prx-1和抗病基因有伴連作用。
The inheritance of ACP-α, GOT, PRX and SkDH isozymes between ”Chu-Pei”, ”Shin-Chu” (susceptible of TuMV) and ”Miau-Li” (resistant to TuMV) mustard were analyzed through progeny testing. Monomorphism of GOT phenotype in three mustards were detected. Since ”Chu-Pei” and ”Shin-Chu” have same band pattern of four isozymes, the progeny test only involved two varieties (Miau-Li and Chu-Pei). The F1 from of ACP-α, PRX and SkDH were characterized by the codominance expression of parental types. Two parental types were recovered in F2 population. The segregation of phenotypes fit a 3:1 ration, demonstrating a monofactor inheritance. It is suggested that null allele of PRX-1 was existing in ”Miau-Li” (R type), and that of ACP-α-5S and SkDH-1 in ”Chu-pei” (S type) mustard. Three isozymes are tentatively assigned to be controlled by Acp-α-5F, Acp-α-5S, Prx-1 and Skdh-1 loci respectively.
The result to TuMV was evaluated in ”Miau-Li”, ”Chu-Pei” and their progenies by inoculated test and it is relationship with 4 loci were also analysed. Resistance seem to be specified by dominant genes through F1 generation expression. In F2's judged were by divided into 4 groups including symptomless (resistant), vein clearing (tolerant), mosaic (susceptible) and severe mosaic (serious susceptible). Analysis result from phenotypes of 4 isozymes loci indicated the relationship of resistance (or tolerance) with PRX-1 only. More than 95% of PRX-1 ”R type” was detected in F2 population. It is postulated that Prx-1 loci is association TuMV resistant gene, can be used as genetic marker for TuMV reistance
Characterization and Correlation Study in Mume Cultivars
No full text台灣中部低海拔地區果梅八個栽培種的花期調查，其始花期爲12月下旬至1月中旬，盛花期爲1月上旬至2月中旬，果實採收期於3月下旬開始至5月上旬結束。梅不同栽培種在自然雜交授粉下，著果率可達29.2%~56.9%，依品種而異。
果實性狀主要調查外觀、果肉、核及核仁等可測量與不可測量的性狀共計27個項目。同時利用變方分析探討供試品種間的葉片與果實性狀間的差異性，發現品種間葉片重、葉面積、葉寬、果重、種子重、果高及果寬等差異性皆非常顯著。
葉片與果實性狀間的相關性分析：葉片重與葉面積的相關性爲0.94，與果重的相關性爲0.80，與種子重的相關性爲0.72，且其相關都達非常顯著的水凖。由試驗結果顯示：凡植株葉片重超過0.47g以上者，其果重可達20g。此一結果可用於實生苗早期篩選，以提高選獲大果種的機會。
Bloom data of eight mume cultivars was investigated in the middle part of Taiwan. Date of start bloom occurred from the end of December till middle of January. The full bloom period began in early January to middle February. Season of available maturity for picking started from the end of March and finished at early of May. Fruit setting percentage of mume cultiavars under natural open pollination was varied from 29.2 % to 56.9%.
Mume fruit involving 27 measurable and unmeasured characters were detected and described in the experiment. Biostatistics was used to determine the difference between leaf character and fruit character among the eight cultivars. The results indicated that leaf weight, leaf area, leaf width, fruit weight, seed weight, fruit height and fruit width were very significantly different among the cultivars.
The test of correlation coefficient between leaf weight and leaf area was estimated to be 0.94. The correlation coefficients among leaf weight, fruit weight and seed weight were 0.80 and 0.72 respectively. These results revealed if a mume plant its leaf weight more than 0.47g may gain a fruit more than 20g. Apply this result to the early stage of seedling selection may increase the possibility of fruit breeding to obtain the larger fruit of new mume cultivar
Effect of ‘TARI’s Onc 1’ and 1-MCP on the Quality of Oncidium Cut Flowers After Simulated Transportation and Quarantine Fumigation
No full text文心蘭切花外銷近年蓬勃發展，目前已成為台灣第二大外銷切花，主要外銷日本，但因含蟲(主要為蛾類幼蟲)約有20~30%會受日本燻蒸。本研究將文心蘭切花經模擬銷日運輸後以溴化甲烷(24.5g/m3 日本使用之劑量)燻蒸，結果對切花拍賣品質影響不大，但會降低瓶插壽命1~2日。文心蘭切花在運輸前以‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP(1-methylcyclopropene)處理，可以提高受燻蒸切花之瓶插壽命1~2日同時提高瓶插品質，使其與未受燻蒸者相似。溴化甲烷燻蒸也降低花苞開張率以及提高黃化率，‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP處理可有效的改善，使其與未燻蒸者相似。在運輸前以防檢局所研發之減壓燻蒸處理，如以溴化甲烷(10g/m3)混合磷化氫(3g/m3)在低壓(250 torr)下燻蒸3小時，對文心蘭切花運輸後之品質及瓶插壽命之不利影響，比高劑量之溴化甲烷(24.5g/m3)輕微，這些不利的影響以‘農試文保一號’與1-MCP處理均可有效的改善；對斜紋夜盜蟲、棉蚜、台灣花薊馬均有接近100%之致死率。減壓處理只加磷化氫(5g/m3)燻蒸，對於斜紋夜盜蟲有100%致死率，對於棉蚜和台灣花薊馬於剛燻蒸後仍有少數(1.7~11.6%)存活；經模擬空運後，棉蚜與台灣花薊馬之存活率各降為5.3%及0.0%，模擬海運後各降為2.0%及0.3%。結果顯示適當的保鮮處理，可以改善文心蘭切花銷日受日本燻蒸之傷害，減壓燻蒸殺蟲效果良好，值得研發實用之方法，配合保鮮處理更可保障切花品質。
Exportation of Taiwan Oncidium cut flowers have been increasing rapidly in these few years. These flowers are mainly exported to Japan. 20~30% of them have been fumigated with MBr (methyl bromide 84.5g/m3) due to plant pests. Their vase lives were shortened for about 1 to 2 days. In this study, a pretreatment called ‘TARI’s onc1’ and 1-MCP(1-Methylcyclopropene) were used to prolong the vase life of these flowers which would be fumigated with MBr(24.5g/m3) after transportation. The result indicated that the treatment not only increased the vase life of fumigated flowers for 1 to 2 days, but also improved the quality of flowers close to un-fumigated ones. Fumigations with the mixture of MBr (10g/m3) and phosphine (3g/m3)，or only phosphine (5g/m3) under low pressure (250 torr) before transportation were also tested. These low pressure fumigations shortened the vase life of Oncidium cut flower for about 0.5 to 1 days. Flowers fumigated with ‘TARI’s onc1’ and 1-MCP under low pressure resulted in 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura、Aphis gossypii and Thrips hawaiiensis. Fumigation under low pressure with only phosphine (5g/m3) also had about 100% mortality of Spodoptera litura and Aphis gossypii after simulated transportation. It was only 94.7% mortality of Thrips hawaiiensis
Pasteurization of Mango Juice Processing II. Quality Change during Storage
No full text本研究以土檬果為原料，探討檬果汁經巴斯德殺菌後於貯藏期間之品質變化， 結 果顯示三種殺菌條件均可達到商業殺菌之要求， 維生素 C 及果汁色澤會於 4°C及25°C 下隨貯藏期間之增加而減少或劣變，而貯藏期間 Vitamin C、furfural 及 HMF與果汁色澤的劣變有顯著的相關性，影響品質之因素是貯藏溫度，低溫冷藏可減少Vitamin C 的損失與果汁色澤的劣變。
The research is to investigate the quality change of pasteurized native mango juice during storage. All the 3 pasteurization conditions treated in the experiment meet the commercial requirements. In storage at 4°C and 25°C, both Vitamin C and juice color were deteriorated with the increase of storage time. Vitamin C, furfural and HMF were closely related to the color of mango juice. Storage temperature is the key factor affecting mango juice quality. Low temperature could reduce the loss of Vitamin C and the deterioration of mango juice color
