Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Preliminary Observations on Varietal Reaction to Cercospora Leaf Spot of Banana
No full text葉斑病為本省香蕉主要病害之一， 全年危害各地蕉園， 尤以雨季流行最速。葉斑病發生嚴重時，香蕉葉片被毀，影響果實產量與品質甚鉅。為了選擇抗病性優良品系以根本解決葉斑病為害，並檢定各品系之抗病性，進而研究選育抗病性品系，作者自民國五十五年九月開始，在嘉義農業試驗分所進行觀察杳蕉品系葉斑病感應性，初步所獲結果如下：（一）供觀察香蕉品系55種中，在田間自然發病環境下，有25品種未發現有感染葉斑病之病徵；另外 Boyang 和紅皮蕉二種，僅發現在少數老葉上有病斑可能亦具有抗病性；其餘28品系則顯示對葉斑病具有感病性或高度感病性，感病指數在0.63 -1.19之間。仙人蕉之感病指數為所有品系中最高者，足見仙人蕉為一高度感病性品種。
（二）由高屏地區仙人蕉品種中選取之優良母株106株調查對葉斑病之感應性結果， 未見有抗病性者存在，植株間對葉斑病感應性差異不大。根據觀察結果，顯示由仙人蕉品種內進行抗病性優良系統選種之期望很少，但因此項觀察株數不多，今後擬增加選種株數或於病害嚴重流行時，直接到香蕉各主要產地進行選種，冀可獲得具有抗病性優良之突變系統。
（三）葉斑病之發生與氣候因子有密切關係，本項觀察期間，因氣候乾旱，病害發生並不嚴重，因正在感病性品系所示之感病指數都不高。品系間抗病性之差異除繼績在田間進行觀察外，並將利用人工接種方法以檢定具有抗病性之品系。
Observations on the varietal reaction to Cercospora leaf spot of banana were conducted at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute from September, 1966 to February, 1967. Fifty-five banana varieties/clones including the materials collected from native and Tropical Asia, and 106 plants selected from the Hsien-ien-chiao variety were used in this observations. According to the preliminary results obtained, it is evident that there is a distinct difference in the reactions of the observed varieties to leaf spot of banana ranging from highly resistant to highly susceptible. Among the 55 entries, 25 of these showed no attacked symptom, while 28 were either susceptible or highly susceptible, and another two varieties, namely, Boyang and Hung-pi-chiao, giving a low infection index may be classified as resistance (Table 1). Furthermore, no plant was observed among the 106 plants selected from the commercial variety, Hsien-ien-chiao, to be resistant to the disease (Table 2). Unfortunately, the Hsien-jen-chiao variety gave the highest infection index among the varieties tested, and, it was proved very susceptible to leaf spot. Since the weather condition during the observation period was not favorable to take place the disease seriously, therefore, the infection indices are very low as shown in all the diseased varieties. However, the disease was greatly influenced by the climatic factors, and a close relation was found between plant infection index and relative humidity (Fig. 1). More studies on the susceptibility of banana varieties/clones to leaf spot are in progress
The Effect of Cutting Method on the Oil Yield and Citronellal Content in Citronella Grass
No full text香茅草收割葉片二分之一以上部位每年收五次結果最好，每年四次割取二分之一或三分之二以上部份葉片次之，三分之二部份以上每年收三次者又次之。
The newly designed harvesting method, i. e. cutting a half of leaf blade from the top with 5 times a year, was found much better than the current method in which whole leaf blade was cut 3 times a year
Statistical Approach on the Spawning Date of Mushroom in Taiwan
No full text依氣象資料分析，臺北、宜蘭地區栽培洋菇以十一月廿五或廿六日，新竹以十一月廿五日或十二月四日，臺中以十一月廿五日或十二月五日，臺南以十一月卅日或十二月廿二日，高雄以十二月十五日或十二月卅日，臺束以十二月十五日或十二月卅日，花蓮臥十一月卅日或十二月廿八日各自前推移兩星期下種為宜。
This preliminary statistical analysis was for the purpose of finding the accurate spawning date in 8 different areas of Taiwan, thus it was expected to obtain an effective and economical result. According to the analysis of the mateorological information, the proper spawning date for the following areas should be on the 14 th day prior to the specified dates of each area November 25 th or 26 th for Taipei, and Ilan area, November 25 th or December 4: th for Hsinchu area, November 25 th or December 5 th for Taichung area, November 30 th or December 22 nd for Tainan area, December 15 th or December 30 th for Kaohsiung area, on December 15 th or 30 th for Taitung area, and November 30 th Or December 28 th for Hualien area
The Genus Auricularia in Taiwan
No full text本省野生木耳類依據採得之74件標本，鑒定後證實分別棣屬於Auricularia auricular、A. polytricha、A. delicata、A. mesenterica、A. peltata和A. fuscosuccinea等七種。其中以A. polytricha和A. delicata最普遍。A. auricular分佈在海拔1,000公尺以上山林。本省人工栽培種大都爲A. polytricha，僅少數爲A. auricula。
According to 74 specimens collected from woods throughout the Islands, even species are identified: namely Auricularia auricula, A. delicate, A. mesenterica, A. cornea, A. peltata, and A. fuscosuccinea. Among which A. polytricha and A, delicate are the most common species. A. auricula is collected only from where the altitude is higher than 1,000 M from sea level. The majority of cultivated auricularias belong to A. polytricha, and only a few belong to A. auricula
Effect of Daminozide on the Ethylene Formation of 'Mclntosh' Apples during Maturation and in Controlled Atmosphere Storage
No full text採前2個月噴施 Daminozide 有延遲〝旭(McIntosh)〞蘋果在樹上完熟及乙烯劇升之效果。 Daminozide處理同時抑制影響果實生成乙烯速率之1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC)含量及ethylene forming enzyme (EFE)活性。
對照蘋果在低乙烯氣調貯藏環境(2.5~3.0% O2，3.0%CO2，<1ppm C2H4 ，3.0℃)下，前四個月果實內部乙烯含量之上升極為緩慢。其後乙烯、、ACC含量及EFE活性均加速增加。ACC含量與EFE活性之上升與乙烯生成之上升有很顯著的正相關。噴施Daminozide之蘋果在低乙烯氣調貯藏中，前6個月幾無乙烯上升之現象，這期間ACC含量及EFE活性均甚低，顯示Daminozide之抑制乙烯生成係因同時抑制ACC合成及EFE活性之緣故。
氣調貯藏中存在高濃度之乙烯能促進果實內乙烯之生成。Daminozide處理可以減輕外加乙烯促進乙烯生成之效果。減輕之原因似由於Daminozide能部份壓抑高乙烯促進之ACC合成，但不能壓抑高乙烯促進之EFE活性之增加。
Tree-spray with daminozide in mid-summer significantly delayed the time of onset and the speed of progress of the climacteric rise of internal ethylene of 'McIntosh' apples on the tree. Daminozide suppressed the ACC content and the EFE activity of the apples simultaneously.
The internal ethylene concentration of the control apples increased slowly in the first four months of low ethylene CA storage (2.5 to 3% O2, 3% CO2, ＜1ppm C2H4, 3℃), but increased rapidly afterward. Increases of ACC content and EFE activity always occurred concurrently with the increase of internal ethylene. Daminozide-treated apples almost had no increase in the internal ethylene in the first six months of low ethylene CA storage, and had only a slight increase in the subsequent two months of storage. When the internal ethylene was low, the ACC content and EFE activity were also low.
Apples after being stored in high ethylene (500ppm) CA produced more ethylene than comparable apples after being stored in low ethylene CA. High ethylene almost completely overcame the inhibitory effect of daminozide on EFE activity, but only partially overacame the effect on ACC content. Therefore, the rate of ethylene production of daminozide-treated apples was lower than that of the control apples after high ethylene CA storage
Studies on Bud Morphogenesis in Wax-apple (Syzygium Samarangense Merr. et. Perry)
No full text運霧枝梢成熟前，在每對葉腋基部發育成三個斜列的複台腋芽。隨著梢齡增加及葉片說落後，在葉痕上方的潛伏芽會有次級腋芽發生，但伸長活性低。技梢屬於多樣性的生長形態；枝條及葉片的長，寬度皆呈單S型生長曲線；枝梢上芽萌枝（花）的能力，以各梢次芽鱗痕留下的潛伏芽及項芽的比例較高，而帶葉片的腋芽萌枝（花）的比例較低。蓮霧浸水前及初期（七月中、下旬及八月上、中旬），潛伏芽體仍呈營養態，俟浸水約一個月左右（八月中、下旬及九月上旬），部份牙體已進入呼喚期階段。九月上、中旬迅速形成具分枝的花序原體。九月中、下旬及十月上旬以後，小花原體及分枝原體迅速發育，而後花器依萼片、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊順序形成。由花器附屬組織包圍子房形成的子房下位花，於十一月上旬左右綻放。
Axillary bud primordia of wax-apple differentiated from the epidermal and the sub-epidermal cells located at the adaxial side of the stem apex. Two other buds were added on each axillary bud of the maturing current shoots. Most of the axillary buds did not sprout and became latent buds More sub-axillary buds were differentiated on each leaf trace and developed into group of latent buds.
A manifold, growth habit was noted in wax-apple and sigmoid growth curve in stem or leaf. The basal latent buds without leaf attached and the terminal buds had higher percentage of flushing and flowering than the axillary buds with leaf attached. The latent buds were in vegetative stage and characterized by two obvious tunica layers, slowgrowing rib meristem and many pairs of leaf primordia. No sign of reproductive growth in these buds was, noted prior to or at the beginning of flooding However, some buds had entered the evocational period after one month of flooding and the meristematic activity in the buds increased, the zonation disappeared, and the axillary meristem initiated and elongated precociously. The enhanced activity resulted in the sprouting of the latent buds and the formation of the inflorescence primordia Floret primordia initiated acropetally on each inflorescence but basipetally on each cyme unit. Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils initiated sequentially on each floret primordium. The epigynous flower was composed of ovarian tissue, hypanthium and appendicular tissues
Effect of the PE-sheet Tunnel Sheltering on the Fruit Quality of Pineapple
No full text生育滿一年的台農四號鳳梨植株，於九月間催花處理，以促進提早生產春果，開花後在畦間搭建隧道式PE塑膠棚覆蓋，最高溫度在每日下午二點，全部覆蓋較不覆蓋對照處理者溫度昇高10.1℃，最低溫度在凌晨六點，全覆蓋較對照區降低1.9℃。PE塑膠棚全覆蓋略可提早果實成熟期，並顯著的增加果重及果實糖度與酸度，較對照區依次分別增加277.7公克及0.94。Brix與0.14%；惟糖酸比反而較對照區爲低，兩者相差1.64。但食用時口感上未有明顯差異。
One-year-old Tai-Nung No.4 pineapple plants were prompted to produce spring fruits by forcing treatment in September and sheltered by Ph-sheet tunnel on the furrow after flowering. The results showed the maximum average-temperature under the full covered Ph-sheet tunnel increase about 10.1℃ at P.M. 2:00 and the minimum average temperature decrease about 1.9℃ at AM. 6:00 in one day. The maturing stage was prompted and weight of fruit, brix and acidity were increased about 277.7g, 0.94. and 0.14%, respectively after sheltering. However, the ratio of brix/acidity decrease about 1.64. Therefore, it is not significantly different in sensory taste