Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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Discussion of the cultivation management of Pleurotus sajor-caju in recent years
No full text秀珍菇富含相當多營養，然而在近二十年來由於病害和人力的問題，退出的栽培者紛紛轉往較省人力的白精靈菇或杏鮑菇，而本場以全環控的方式進行栽培管理，雖然一樣面臨了病害、人力薪資負擔成長的威脅，也遇到了菌種業者供應菌種良莠參差以及氣候變遷劇烈的問題，然而在穩定的養菌空間培養太空包，也在防蟲和可控條件的出菇空間內培育生產秀珍菇，使我們生產相對穩定。但是即使有穩定的品質與產能面對市場崩盤也是很辛苦！即使有加工產品能稍緩市場壓力，沒有通路也是讓壓力延後爆炸而以，希望政府在呼喊產業要升級的同時，也要幫忙介紹通路，否則業者要拿什麼做升級
(68(2):128-136)Methyl Salicylate Attracts Predators and Reduces Melon Thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) Population (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Cucumber Plants
No full text本研究呈現水楊酸甲酯吸引天敵，並降低小黃瓜上南黃薊馬 (Thrips palmi Karny) 數量的效果。明顯較高數量的南黃薊馬天敵小黑花椿象 (Orius strigicollis Poppius) 及中華班腿盲椿象 (Campylomma chinensis Schuh)，被發現於黃色黏板搭配水楊酸甲酯的處理組，但水楊酸甲酯的效果呈現濃度與季節的差異性。在2015 年冬季與2016 年夏季試驗中，0.1% 水楊酸甲酯處理組的小黃瓜植株上，南黃薊馬數量明顯少於益達胺、酒精、水及對照組。同時，0.1% 水楊酸甲酯處理組的小黃瓜植株上，南方小黑花椿象及中華斑腿盲椿象的數量顯著多於益達胺、酒精、水及對照組。本研究結果顯示，0.1% 水楊酸甲酯有潛力取代益達胺等農藥作為小黃瓜南黃薊馬的防治資材，但在實際應用前必須先進行研究大面積的田間試驗，確認其有效性及保育生物防治的措施。
This study investigates the effectiveness of methyl salicylate (MeSA) to attract natural enemies and to reduce melon thrips (Thrips palmi Karny) population in cucumber plants. High numbers of natural enemies of melon thrips, namely, Orius strigicollis Poppius and Campylomma chinensis Schuh, were trapped on the yellow sticky paper baited with MeSA; however, levels of attraction differed with concentration and season. Significantly fewer melon thrips were found through 0.1% MeSA treatment than through imidacloprid, ethanol, water or unbaited treatments in studies conducted in winter season of 2015 and summer season of 2016. Furthermore, significantly more O. strigicollis and C. chinensis individuals were found through 0.1% MeSA treatment than through imidacloprid, ethanol, water or unbaited treatments in these two seasons. In summary, our results demonstrate that 0.1% MeSA treatment has potential to replace insecticides as a melon thrips control tool. Large-scale farmland tests are necessary to confirm the efficiency of this treatment and related conservative bio-control strategies before further use
(68(2):177-188)Development of New Horneous Maize Hybrid ‘Tainung 7’
No full text玉米GX1M 與Hi31 種原間存在籽粒產量之最高雜種優勢，乃將GX1M 種原進行自交5 代培育自交系，然後將自交授粉分離培育的自交系再與Hi31 進行雜交生產、組合力評估及新品系產量比較試驗。新品系1M10 × Hi31 與1M15 × Hi31 與對照種「台農1 號」等共進行5 次新品系產量比較試驗，其中有4 次新品系1M10 × Hi31 其籽粒產量明顯較對照種「台農1 號」高產，而1 次與對照種「台農1 號」無明顯差異。綜合試驗結果顯示，新品種「台農7 號」(1M10 × Hi31) 具有籽粒產量8 Mg ha-1 以上之潛力，以及豐產、中早熟、抗南方型銹病等特性。2017 年5 月8 日經行政院農業委員會農業試驗所研管會審查，通過將新品系1M10 × Hi31 命名為硬質玉米「台農7 號」。此新品種之形態特性為莖部及葉鞘綠色，莖基部為紅色，葉片深綠，葉片數約16 片，花藥黃色、穎色及花絲紅色，果穗之苞葉包裹完全。果穗成熟期間植株上半部葉片尚綠色時，籽粒及苞葉已快速脫水，機械採收時籽粒不易破損，適合機械採收。每株穗數1–2 枚，籽粒行數14–16 行，籽粒呈馬齒型橘黃色，對南方型銹病具抗性。
In the new maize germplasm heterotic group assessment trial, it has been known that Hi31 and GX1M varieties had the best kernel yield in the heterotic group from the field experiment. As a result, five generations of self-crossing from the GX1M variety were conducted to breeding inbred lines, which were then crossed with Hi31 to produce hybrids for the combination assessment and yield trials. Results from 25 hybrids combination assessment trials showed that yields of all 25 hybrids were significantly higher than control variety ‘Tainung 1’. The dry kernel yields of the top five highest new combinations were between 7.7–9.5 kg 9.6 m-2, from 75% to 115% higher than ‘Tainung 1’. From yield trials of the five new maize varieties, the dry grain yield of 1M10 × Hi31 was four times higher than the control variety ‘Tainung 1’. The ‘Tainung 7’ (1M10 × Hi31) new hybrid had high grain yield potential up to 8 Mg ha-1 with Puccinia polysora rust resistance and early maturity. The morphology of ‘Tainung 7’ is described as follows: the colors of stem and leaf sheath are green, the color of leaf blade is dark green, the anther is yellow, the spikelets are light red and silk are red. The number of leaves per plant is 16, number of ears per plant is 1–2, and number of kernel rows per ear is 14–16. The color of kernel is orange. The husk covers the ear completely and the decreasing rate of kennel water content is fast in the maturity stage
臺灣水稻抗白葉枯病研究回顧與育種策略
No full text水稻白葉枯病係由Xanthomans oryzae pv. oryzae所引起的一種細菌性維管束病害，其病原細菌在維管束中孳生繁殖及產生阻塞多醣體。初期病癥呈水浸狀，後葉片維管束阻塞嚴重營養水份因而無法運輸，水浸狀病癥進而轉為波浪枯黃之病斑。枯萎葉片相對減少水稻植株光合作用能力，間接影響稻米產量及品質。目前水稻白葉枯病在臺灣每年將近2萬公頃稻田發生此病害，世界水稻生產區如亞洲、非洲等地區均受其害。相關的研究在臺灣始自1968年，本報告將過去的研究，整理分類為3部份，分別為病原發現及其生態、抗病種原遺傳與檢定、抗病育種及防治策略，將之節錄後，再與國外相關研究相比較後，對未來臺灣抗白葉枯病育種研究提出策略。
Bacterial blight (BB) is a serious disease caused by Xanthonomas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) for rice production in Taiwan. Every year, around 20,000 ha or 10 percent of total rice field suffered from the epidemics of this disease in Taiwan. Breeding for varieties resistance to this disease has been utmost important in Taiwan. To cope with this problem, an integrated scheme of screening the resistance of breeding lines and varieties has been set up through cooperative efforts among different research units in Taiwan since 1975. Rice bacterial blight disease caused by a bacterial vascular disease, pathogenic bacteria propagated in the vascular bundles and produced many
polysaccharides to block the vascular. Early symptoms were flooding-shaped and leaf vascular occlusion after high levels to inhibit the water and nutrient to be transported in the plants. Bacterial blight of rice currently in Taiwan occurs every year nearly 20,000 hectares of paddy fields. Bacterial blight was occurred in Taiwan began in 1968, reviews of past researches in this report, and departed in 3 parts, respectively for pathogen detection and ecology, disease resistant resource and its detection testing, and strategies of disease-resistant breeding and its contro