Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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臺灣總督府中央研究所農業部彙報 第49號 臺灣に於ける第一期作栽培水稻より稻イモチ病抵抗性品種の選擇
No full text一般作物病害防除的要訣在於抵抗性品種的選擇栽培，稻熱病(稻イモチ病)是稻病害中損害最大且造成嚴重減收的病種，對於抵抗性品種的選擇是當前的緊急要務。本報告為農業部技手澤田兼吉與黑澤英一，以及助手末田平七，大正10年起的六年間，對遭受病害最嚴重的第一期稻作所進行的研究報告。本研究主要觀察內地種及臺灣種兩者對於稻熱病的抵抗狀況，並提出研究調查的成績
(68(1):40-46)Assessment of Bagging Protection at Different Timings and Mesh Sizes for Controlling Litchi Fruit Borer (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley) on Litchi ‘Tainung No. 1’
No full text荔枝細蛾 (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley) 為荔枝果實生長發育過程中危害最甚的害蟲之一，生產者通常藉由施灑化學殺蟲劑以快速、有效地控制該害蟲。套袋是另一個選擇方案，可藉此提供友善環境與安全果品。荔枝品種「台農1 號」因其穩定高產，深具發展為減藥生產品種潛力。結合該品種與適當的套袋處理，可作為安全荔枝生產的解方之一。本研究著重於「台農1 號」荔枝套網袋生產的2 項重要議題，包含套袋時機及所用網目大小對防治荔枝細蛾入侵的效果。研究中據此以套袋的時機及套袋材質孔徑兩項作為探討因子，並藉由追蹤落果表現、果實品質及危害情形來評估套果效益。研究結果顯示，在偏雌花盛開後3 wk 套袋，可使生殖生長枝收穫最多且果實不受蟲害；未套袋的荔枝果實受害率則達到97.5%，且單果重量減少26.9%，可溶性固形物含量亦低於17°Brix。另外，使用16 網目，並無法全然防範荔枝細蛾對果實的危害。因此，建議使用更細緻的網目，作為防範荔枝細蛾危害的套袋材料。
Litchi fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley) is the most important pest during the fruit growth and development in litchi. Generally growers use chemical pesticides to control pest efficiently. Bagging is an alternative method, providing suitable growing environment and safe fruit. The litchi variety ‘Tainung No. 1’ may have potential to develop into a low pesticide used variety due to its stable and high yield traits. A combination of suitable variety and bagging practices could be the resolution for production of safe litchi. This study considered two important approaches, timing and mesh size of net, for the experiment. Best fruit bearing without pest infestation was observed on panicles which had bagged at 3 wk after full female bloom. About 97.5% fruit from unbagged panicles were infested by litchi fruit borer, with 26.9% fruit weight loss and reduction of total soluble solids content (less than 17°Brix). In summary, 16-mesh net cannot absolutely protect fruit from damage by litchi fruit borers. It is recommended to use the more fine materials
Effect of Water Saving Conditions on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Grain Quality in Rice Mutant Lines with Different Drought Tolerant Capacity
No full text本研究目的在瞭解水稻耐旱突變體於節水栽培下之適應性，並探討節水對產量及米質的影響，提供在節水栽培下對耐旱適應品系選拔之參考。試驗材料採用疊氮化鈉誘變族群所選育之耐旱品系DR14與敏感品系DR2、DR9和DR34，並以耐旱品種旱育3號為對照，於插秧成活後以間歇性灌溉方式進行節水試驗。試驗結果顯示，在節水栽培下，稻米產量及其產量構成要素不受影響，但株高會發生矮化。在節水栽培下，糙米率、白米率、粗蛋白質與味度值沒有影響，對糙米的其他未熟粒百分率發生則有較低之現象，但白堊質發生率則有增加的情形。另外，由節水栽培下的產量表現結果可發現水稻誘變品系在節水栽培環境具不同適應性，其中以DR14表現最佳每公頃產量約4,963公斤以及稔實率約89.5%，顯示此品系在節水栽培下具有穩定良好之適應性。
The study aimed at the effect of agronomic traits, yield and grain quality in rice mutant lines under water saving irrigation condition. This study also provides guidelines for selecting adapted rice lines under water saving irrigation conditions. The drought tolerant and susceptible lines used in this study are DR14, a drought mutant line that derived from CNY911303 mutation pool in Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, and HY3, a drought tolerant control line, and DR2, DR9, and DR34 susceptible lines, respectively. The rice drought experiment in this study used an intermittent irrigation approach during maximum tilling stage. The experimental results showed that rice yield and yield components have no significant difference, but plant height has become shorter under water saving irrigation. In addition, there is no effect on brown rice production rate, milled rice production rate, crude protein, and taste meter value under water saving irrigation, but the occurrence of other unmatured rice in brown rice has reduced. In addition, the rate of occurrence of chalky kernels in milled rice has increased. The rice yield under water saving irrigation shows that there are different adaptations among rice mutant lines. Among the DR14 has the best performance with stable and good adaptation because its yield was 4963 kg/ha and sterility rate was 6.3%
Studies on the Effectiveness of Spinosad Bait Attracting the Oriental Fruit Fly at Three Orchards in Chiayi Region
No full text東方果實蠅(Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel))在嘉義地區普遍發生，危害芒果及柑桔等重要果樹。本試驗於2007年5~6月間在芒果園以0.02%賜諾殺濃餌劑稀釋8倍進行誘殺東方果實蠅，結果顯示在處理區可誘殺及降低果實蠅雌蟲數，雌蟲密度僅為雄蟲之20.5%。施用賜諾殺餌劑處理區之被害果率及被害度皆顯著較無處理對照區為低，平均防治率達86.5%。由2007年9~12月間在柳橙園之試驗結果，即施用賜諾殺餌劑處理與正常施藥且無誘殺之對照區，所偵測到之蟲數皆甚低，平均僅為0.4~1.2隻，而兩區之平均被害果率也只有0.03%。2007年12月～2008年1月間在茂谷柑園之誘殺結果亦與柳橙園相類似，即施用賜諾殺餌劑處理及正常施藥之對照區所誘到之蟲數僅為0~1.2隻，而被害果率則皆為0%。另由茂谷柑園之落果調查可知，在施以賜諾殺餌劑處理後可顯著降低果實蠅產卵所引發之果腐病率。綜合上述試驗結果，在面積約0.3~0.4公頃於不同季節之不同果園以賜諾殺餌劑誘殺東方果實蠅，與無處理區相較皆有良好之防治效果，將來在大面積果園或有機果園中頗具應用之潛力。
The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is commonly occurred in Chiayi region and damages the important fruit orchards such as mango and citrus. The attracting result of the 0.02% Spinosad bait diluted 8-fold applying in a mango orchard through May to June, showed that the female adult number was significantly decreased in the treated plot, and the density of female was only 20.5% of the male. The percentage of fruit damage and the degree of fruit infested of mango in the Spinosad treated plot were both significantly lower than in the no bait (CK) treatment and the averaged control rate was 86.5%. The result in an orange orchard through Sept. to Dec. showed that the number of monitored adult were very low in both the Spinosad treated and the no bait but chemicals were used (CK) plots, the averaged numbers were 0.4-1.2 and the percentage of fruit damage were only 0.03% in both treatments. The attracting result in a Murcott tangor orchard through Dec. to Jan. showed the similarity as the orange orchard, that the average monitored numbers were only 0-1.2 in the Spinosad treated and the no bait but with chemicals plots, and the percentage of fruit damage were zero in both treatments. In addition, the investigation from dropping fruits in Murcott tangor orchard showed the Spinosad bait treating could obviously decrease the fruit rot diseased rate which was due to the fruit fly oviposition. Summarized from the above results, the Spinosad bait applying at different seasons in the different small orchards with area about 0.3-0.4 hectare, all could get very good control efficacy comparing to the no bait (CK) treatments, so it has a potential extensively applied in the larger orchard or for the organic cultivation in the future
