Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
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(農業試驗所特刊第216號)菇類智慧化生產與農場經營管理研討會專刊
No full text我國菇類產業發展迄今，產值已逾130億元新台幣，占整體蔬菜產值的18%，為我國蔬菜產業中相當重要的一環。菇類產業由於具有規模化、立體化與可環控等特性，經合理規畫即可符合攻擊型農業之特性，所以過去在政府主導之下，臺灣洋菇產業也曾經站上世界第一外銷大國之地位。近年來，雖然菇類販售多以內銷為主，但隨著農友栽培技術之進步使得產量逐漸增加，也使得國內市場競爭愈烈，為使業者彼此有良好之競合互動，如何拓展國際市場成為我國菇類產業發展之重要課題
(68(2): 137-147)Effect of Explant Size, Sucrose and Activated Charcoal on In Vitro Plantlet Proliferation and Growth in Amaryllis
No full text本研究以孤挺花「台農1 號」(Hippeastrum hybridum Hort. ‘Tainung No. 1’) 組培苗為材料，探討培植體大小、蔗糖及活性炭濃度對組培苗生長之影響。以鱗莖直徑約3、6、9 mm 之4 分縱切鱗莖作為培植體進行培養，結果顯示不同大小培植體之組培苗增殖率並無顯著差異。每個1/4 鱗莖於培養8 wk 後，約可形成1.1−1.3株組培苗。此外，9 mm 處理之培植體，在8 wk 培養後可獲得具有較大鱗莖之組培苗；然而，在延長培養時間至12 wk 後，9 mm 與6 mm 處理間已無顯著差異。利用鱗莖直徑約3−5 mm 之組培苗作為培植體，進行1.5−9.0% 蔗糖與0−2 g L-1 活性炭濃度組合之複因子試驗，結果顯示6.0% 蔗糖配合1.0−2.0 g L-1 活性炭處理，對於增加組培苗鱗莖直徑與鮮重較為有利，分別達到8 mm 與1.73−1.75 g；但是當蔗糖濃度達到9% 時，則會抑制組培苗之生長。就組培苗根數而言，在含有6% 蔗糖搭配0.5−2.0 g L-1 活性炭條件下，可形成8.8−9.6條根，均較高於其他處理。就組培苗葉數而言，於0.5−2.0 g L-1 活性炭濃度下，蔗糖濃度在1.5−6.0% 之間並無顯著差異。綜合而言，蔗糖濃度自1.5% 提高至6.0%，可增加組培苗之鱗莖直徑、鮮重及根數，若同時添加適量活性炭，則具有協同增效蔗糖之效果。
Factors of explant size, concentration of sucrose and activated charcoal in the culture medium were investigated on in vitro growth of Hippeastrum hybridum Hort. ‘Tainung No. 1’ plantlet in this study. One-quarter vertical cut bulb explants derived from 3, 6 and 9 mm diameters of bulb were evaluated after 8 wk and 12 wk of culture. Proliferation rate of 1.1−1.3 plantlets per one-quarter bulb explant was obtained after 8 wk of culture, and no significant difference was found among all treatments. Furthermore, plantlets with larger bulb were obtained from explants derived from explants of 9 mm treatment. However, no significant difference on bulb diameter of 6 mm and 9 mm treatments was found after extending culture time to 12 wk of culture. A factorial experiment using 1.5−9.0% sucrose in combination with 0−2.0 g L-1 activated charcoal was conducted using explants derived from plantlets with 3−5 mm diameter of bulb. The better results were obtained from 6% sucrose in combination with 1.0−2.0 g L-1 activated charcoal on increase of bulb diameter and fresh weight which were 8.0 mm bulb diameter and 1.73−1.75 g fresh weight per plantlet, respectively. It was also found that growth of plantlets was inhibited in the medium containing 9.0% sucrose. In terms of the root number of plantlet, the best results of 8.8−9.6 roots per plantlet were obtained from 6.0% sucrose in combination
with 0.5−2.0 g L-1 activated charcoal, and higher than the other treatments. For the leaf number of plantlet, no significant difference was found by using 1.5−6.0% sucrose in combination with 0.5−2.0 g L-1 activated charcoal. In summary, raising sucrose concentration from 1.5% to 6.0% would increase bulb diameter, fresh weight and root number of plantlet, and adding proper concentration of activated charcoal would has a synergistic effect with sucrose
(68(2):148-164)Development of a New Japonica Rice Cultivar ‘Tainung 81’
No full text稻米為國人主食，為因應進口米之衝擊與配合消費趨勢，開發品質與產量兼具且耐抗病蟲害等逆境之水稻新品種，乃為當前育種改良的主要目標之一。「台農81 號」原品系名稱為嘉農育981027 號，係行政院農委會農業試驗所嘉義農業試驗分所於2006 年第1 期作以良質米品種「台稉2 號」為母本，與具有抗病蟲、株型佳且耐倒伏等特性之品系嘉農育902036 號進行雜交，採譜系法進行後代分離選拔之品系。歷經5 個世代，於2009 年第1 期作選出嘉農育981027 號進入初級產量比較試驗。經過初、高級產量比較試驗、區域試驗及各項特性檢定結果，嘉農育981027 號新品系具有脫粒性適中、穗上發芽率較低、抗倒伏、抗稻熱病及稻飛蝨等優良特性；其米粒外觀與米飯食味與良質米對照品種「台稉9 號」相近，且稻穀產量與良質米對照品種「台稉9 號」間無顯著差異。2017 年申請命名，獲通過為「台農81 號」。因其具有抗稻熱病及稻飛蝨等特性，為一適合減藥、合理化施肥及有機栽培的品種，並可供稻農及消費者更多的選擇。
Rice is the main staple in Taiwan. In response to the impact of imported rice and consumption trend, developing new varieties with a focus on improved quality, yield, and pest resistances have become the main objectives for rice breeding improvement in Taiwan. ‘Tainung 81’, from the line Chianung-yu 981027, was developed by crossing ‘Taikeng 2’, the female parent variety, with Chianung-yu
902036, the male parent line with disease resistance, insect resistance, erect plant type, and lodging resistant characters, at the Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Branch of Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute in the first crop season of 2006. The progenies were selected by the pedigree method. After 5 generations, the line of Chianung-yu 981027 was selected in the first crop season of 2009. After the processes of primary yield trial, advanced yield trial, regional yield traits, and various agronomic characteristics tests, this selected line showed good traits, including moderate threshing, preharvest sprouting, lodging resistance, and resistance to rice blast and planthoppers. Its grain appearance and taste were similar to the control variety ‘Taikeng 9’. There were no significant difference between rice Chianung-yu 981027 and the control variety ‘Taikeng 9’ in grain yield. Therefore, it was formally renamed as ‘Tainung 81’ in 2017 and is considered suitable for reducing pesticide, rational fertilization, and organic cultivation. It is an alternative quality rice for the farmers and market
良質米育種的演變與成果
No full text臺灣良質米育種早在民國60年代末期悄悄進行，當時以良質親本選擇與白米外觀選拔為育種重點，臺中189號、臺農70號與臺南9號可為其中的代表。民國74年至87年由稻作育種小組主導良質選育，採統一雜交、分區汰選品系的育種方式，總計育成17個稉稻品種、1個秈稻品種、4個糯稻品種，曾列入良質米推薦品種有9個，惟其中有9個為小組成立前由各場所選拔者。此時期的良質選育多以糙(白)米外觀與產量為主，其他米質特性則在穩定世代後檢定。民國87年恢復各場所自行雜交、選育與命名，總計87~95年間育成的品種有臺農71號、臺東30號等22個品種，曾列入良質米推薦品種有5個，而在育種小組之下選育者有8個。在此期間各場所的良質米選拔指標除糙(白)米外觀外，也運用食味計、味度計等相關儀器作為食味選拔的指標，新品種的白米外觀明顯的優於舊品種，食味也增進中。在良質育種目標漸傾向地區性的品種與多樣化與營養成份的領域，此種情形在95年水稻品種納入植物品種及種苗法規範後更為明顯，累計至今已有19個品種申請品種權。調查試驗改良場所對育種目標的排序，並進行加權平均後，各場所對育種目標的重視程度分別為食味品質＞外觀品質＞產量或株型＞抗(耐)生物逆境＞抗(耐)環境逆境＞貯藏性。
The good-quality rice breeding, was selected good-quality parents for crossing and good rice appearance during breeding process, was started in the late 1970’ decade. Taichung 189, Tainung 70 and Tainan 9 were breeding in this way at that time. The good-quality rice breeding was organized by The Rice Breeding Team, set up according to the policy of Taiwan Province Government, during 1985-1998, was crossed in the Taiwan Research Institute and Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station and selected in different station during breeding descendants. The yield and rice appearance were the goals of good-quality rice and total 17 japonica, 1 indica, 4 glutinous rice varieties had been released during that time. 9 varieties had been selected by each station before 1985 and 9 varieties had been recommended good-quality rice by government. After 1998, the crossing and selecting of rice breeding are returned to each institutes and stations. Beside rice appearance, the eating quality, detected by AN-800 and MA-30A machines, were the goals of good-quality rice and total 22 rice varieties had been released during that time. 8 varieties had been selected by Taiwan Rice Breeding Team before 1998 and 5 varieties had been recommended good-quality rice by government. The rice appearance and eating quality of new varieties is brtter than that of olds’. After 2006, rice releasing system has been followed The Seeds and Seedlings of Plant Variety Law. The good-quality rice goal is extending to nutrition and alterative utilization. From that time, 19 varieties have been applied in this system. The good-quality rice breeding goals of research institute and stations have been investigated recently. The rank of good-quality rice breeding goals is follow by eating quality ＞ rice appearance ＞ yield or plant type ＞ biological stress tolerance ＞ physiological stress tolerance ＞ storage tolerance
