Wukari International Studies Journal
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ELECTION, MONEY POLITICSAND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABILITY OF DEMOCRACY IN NIGERIA
Get PDFAlthough money politics contributes significantly to democracy, it also has negative impact on sustaining democracy in developing democracies such as Nigeria and other African countries. Due to this, the study examines the antecedents of money politics with a view to establishing the reasons responsible for money politics, the strengths and shortcomings of money politics and the implications it has on sustaining democracy in Nigeria. Making use of secondary sources of data, the study found out that increase in population cum high value of money, increase in number of political parties, high intensity of electoral contests and desperation to control government by political class are the factors responsible for money bag politics. Despite the fact that money politics hasthe strengths, it has implications of encouraging looters, eroding competence of the candidate, weakening political participation and undermining democratic governance in Nigeria. The study concludes that unregulated money politics in elections by political parties and politicians has debilitating impact on sustaining democracy and that it is only the hostile stance of government that can completely root out the pervasive money bag politics in Nigeria. The study recommends that government should redesign the framework of money bag politics in order to ensure strict compliance by the political parties and other stakeholders in the conduct of election in Nigeria
FARMERS -HERDERS CONFLICTS IN NIGERIA AND INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe paper examined the frequent violent conflicts between herders and farmers in Nigeria, which have caused the loss of thousands of lives and widespread displacement. Though farmers - herders conflict is not new, the country has been devastated by violent farmer- herder conflict since the early 2000. The paper adopted the descriptive and survey research method. It is theoretical in nature, and drew its arguments from secondary sources. Findings of the study showed that, although the main reason of the conflict is the scarcity of land resources, several other factors such as population pressure, inefficient state mechanisms, climate change, increasing proliferation of arms etc have fueled the conflict in recent years. However, the most immediate trigger to the surge in farmer-herder violence in the country, is the activities of the violent militant groups. Due to easy access to arms, the group who have better weapons try to get what they want by every available means. Consequently, the cycles of farmer-herder violence and reprisal have become increasingly frequent and lethal leading to massive destruction of lives and property and subsequent massive internal displacement. The study also revealed that effort at addressing the conflict have not been effective. The paper concludes that the frequent farmer[1]herder conflict deserves effective government’s response, given the potential how often land disputes rapidly escalate into broader inter-communal conflict and the accompanying destruction of lives and widespread internal displacement
REVISITING THE NIGERIAN CIVIL WAR: THE ROLE OF THE IBIBIO IN THE COLLAPSE OF BIAFRA, 1967-1970
No full textThe civil war in Nigeria (6 th July – 15th January, 1970) involved the Eastern region and the Federal government. The Ibibio (an ethnic nationality in the Eastern region) rather than fight on the side of the Eastern region (Biafra), fought on side of the Federal government. The study made use of primary and secondary sources, the primary sources included oral interview, archival materials and government publications. Relevant text books, articles in journals and unpublished thesis were secondary sources. The study revealed that the Ibibio sabotaged the efforts of the Biafrans and annihilated their dream of becoming a sovereign nation by giving supportive hands to the federal troops which aided their victory. Few Ibibio indigenes that supported Biafra were former federal military officers and some in the civil service.The study also revealed that the Ibibio supported the federal troops because they were marginalized and oppressed by the Igbo in the Eastern region. The study showed clearly that the Ibibio played significant role in collapse of Biafra through employment of several acts to sabotage the aspirations of the Biafrans. They provided information and logistics to the federal troops through reconnaissance. The Ibibio equally contributed personnel to the federal troops through organization of vigilante groups. The persistent misconception that the Ibibio fought on the side of the Biafrans has been corrected by this study
MARITIME MILITIA AND CHINA’S SOVEREIGNTY: WHAT LESSONS FOR NIGERIA’S CIVILIAN JOINT TASK FORCE
Get PDFThis paper identifies the critical role china’s maritime militia plays in upholding the sovereignty of china. This is owing to the deliberate efforts of the government and the people of china which now possess a well prepared and well equipped maritime militia. This was done through institutionalization, training and retraining as well as providing legal basis for the operation of the outfit. The work argues that the civilian joint task force in its present form cannot effectively pursue its objective of ending Boko Haram insurgency and upholding the sovereignty of Nigeria and the call for community policing will only create more problems except it draws from the experiences of china’s maritime militia. This will ensure that the civilian joint task force is institutionalized, well trained and a legal basis created to support its operations. Primary and secondary sources of data were relied upon for this work. The paper concludes that a well trained and equipped civilian joint task force will achieve more and even serve as a national reserve for Nigeria’s armed forces
SUCCESSION DISPUTE OF OBAS IN ISANLU KINGDOM, KOGI STATE AND NATION BUILDING 1971-1975
Get PDFThis paper takes up the challenge of contributing to the succession dispute by looking at the Chieftaincy succession dispute in Isanlu Kogi State. Hitherto these problems were inability of the people to follow guided rules as to who succeed an Oba. The objective of this paper is to highlight the succession disputes in Isanlu between 1971 and 1975 and despite the succession dispute developmental project still continue in Isanlu land. The research methodology was based on the collection of primary and secondary sources. The primary sources was made up of oral interviews of eye witnesses and secondary sources involving a proper scrutiny of related materials on traditional and succession dispute in other part of the country. The findings of the study revealed that as a result of the dispute, the people set up new guidelines that would guide or assist succession to Obaship in Isanlu land. The conclusion of the study is that it is necessary to have some guidelines that would always assist the people in choosing their rulers without dispute. Peaceful dialogue in resolving succession dispute must be emphasized instead of going to war, going to court, destruction of properties and lives. The “Isanlu Model” is a crucial example of the possibility of managing succession crisis effectively, without degenerating into fratricidal wars
THE ROLES OF CIVIL SOCIETIES, GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES AND CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION IN SUSTENANCE OF DEMOCRATIC GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe cardinal goal of democracy and democratization in different parts of the globe is to address the aspirations of the people in all the constituencies that made its political entity. In Nigeria democratic governance has not produced the expected results of the dreams of Nigerian. Nigeria as a nation has made attempts since 1960 when it attained its political independence to establish durable democratic governance. The first attempt was parliamentary system and the transition to a presidential system in 1979. It has generally been assessed that only little have been delivered as a dividend of democracy in Nigeria because of institutional and human failure. Democratic system in Nigeria has been characterized by corruption, misplacement of priorities, wastages in governance and gross human rights violate, etc. This paper intends to examine the role of governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations and citizenship education in the re-engineering and sustenance of democratic governance in Nigeria. The methodologies adopted include; reviews the use of primary and secondary sources and interdisciplinary approach
Conflicts and Political Instability in Sudan: A Re-visit Discourse
Get PDFThe research study evaluated the nature and character of the Darfur crisis of Sudan. The study made used of only secondary source of data, exploring various literatures on the issue from scholars. It was revealed that the Darfur crisis which lasted between 2004 and 2011 ensued as the result of political subjugation, economic exploitation and underdevelopment of the Darfur region of Sudan. The People Southern Sudanese considered these trends as injustice and as such they violently revolted against the Sudanese Government with the agitation for independence. The wanton destructive nature of the crisis necessitated the intervention of the international community. The study revealed that African Union was the first body to intervene in the crisis through mediation and sending of troops in July 2004 before the United Nations st took over the mission in 31 December, 2007. The study showed that even after United Nations took over the Peace keeping operation, African Union still made significant contributions in terms of troops, finance, and humanitarian services. It was concluded that despite the weaknesses of African Union in managing the conflict, the success story of United Nations in Darfur region cannot be analyzed without taking into cognizes the effort of African Union put in the crisis. Therefore, it was recommended that African Union should be proactive and timely in intervening in conflict in the continent so as to avoid escalation
Small Arms and Light Weapons Proliferation and Gun Violence in West Africa Sub-Region
Get PDFThe unlawful use of small arms, light weapons proliferation and gun violence is a global problem which affects every country. At the global stage, it is well known that far more people are killed in armed conflict through the use of small arms than by bombs. The study therefore examined the sources and modes of transfer of these weapons and their effects on the citizenry. Data were sourced using both primary and secondary methods. Data selected was analysed through the use of descriptive method such as tables and frequency distribution. Findings revealed that the porous borders across the West African sub region is one of the causes of small arms, light weapons proliferation and gun violence and this has led to destruction of lives and properties. The government of the countries in the West African sub region should collaborate to beef securities in their borders
AN ANALYSIS OF FACILITY ASSESSMENT OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN NIGERIA: A MICRO-EVIDENCE FROM KADUNA SATE
Get PDFThis survey was conducted on facility readiness at the selected 239 facilities to determine the level of site preparedness with respect to human resource (health providers and volunteer community mobilizers), equipment availability and rate of service utilization.The survey of program data spanned over a 3-day period with visits to 115 facilities (40 in the Southern and Northern Zones each and 35 in the Central Zone of the state) and questionnaires administered to 2 Healthcare workers and 5 Clients per facility on their ANC days. 23 enumerators were recruited for data collection. A soft copy quantitative tool scripted on the Open Data Kit (ODK) app was used by the personnel during this exercise. Quantitative and Qualitative Data retrieved from the ODK tool was analysed by the G-ANC SI team using a descriptive analysis methodin Excel 2016 and SPSS version 26.The major findings of this study revealed that 149(68.98%) out of 216 respondents affirmed that their facilities have conducive ANC meeting Space (Conducive to accommodate minimum of 20 pregnant women) while 67(31.02%) said ‘no’ their facilities do not have that capacity. The study further found out that over 137(63.43%) of the facilities do not have any source of electricity. Similarly, 119(55.09%) health facilities do not have portable and accessible water supply. For a new service delivery model to have a transformational influence on maternal health care, it needs to be available to a large portion of the population. G-ANC should be expended to both private and tertiary hospitals with low ANC census
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF HIV/AIDS AWARENESS AND VULNERABILITY IN STATE-OWNED TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS OF BAUCHI NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study was conducted on students of tertiary institutions of Bauchi state which include universities, polytechnics and monotechnics, specifically students of Abubakar Tatari Ali Polytechnic, A.D. Rafa'i College of Legal and Islamic Studies, and Bauchi State University, Gadau. The researcher collected data using both qualitative and the quantitative methods. The first set of datum were made up of surveys(questionnaires)administered on students, while the second set is the qualitative datum obtained from the students using Focus Group Discussions( FGDs).The third set of the datum was obtained from the medical offices and students' affairs of the various institutions using in[1]depth- interviews(IDIs).The study populations are the entire students of Tertiary institutions in Bauchi State including both male and females students at different level of Educational program. In order to acquire objective and reliable data, the researcher adopted multistage method of sampling where the samples of the tertiary institution were selected, Stratified sampling was used to divide the Tertiary institutions in Bauchi State were divided into three strata namely; while simple random samplings were used to selects the samples of the faculties as well as the samples of the departments and the entire samples of the students for the research. Therefore, the target population for the study consists of all students of the state-owned tertiary institutions of Bauchi state. Others are students' affairs officers of the various institutions and medical officers of the various institutions including nurses and doctors. The findings of the research revealed that there is awareness of HIV/AIDS among students of tertiary institutions among students in the study are, there is relationship between awareness and preventive measures of HIV/AIDS, however it was also found that there is no relationship between the awareness of HIV/ADS and program of study among the students of the state-owned tertiary institution of the state