Wukari International Studies Journal
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GOVERNANCE AND INSECURITY IN NIGERIA: AN INTERROGATION, (1999–2024)
Get PDFThis study critically interrogates the intricate relationship between governance and insecurity in Nigeria from 1999 to 2024, a period marked by democratic transitions and persistent security challenges. Despite the return to civilian rule in 1999 and successive administrations' commitment to democratic governance, Nigeria has witnessed a dramatic escalation in insecurity, including insurgency, banditry, kidnapping, herder-farmer conflicts, and secessionist agitations. Using a qualitative-descriptive methodology and drawing insights from secondary data sources such as policy documents, media reports, and scholarly literature, the study examines how weak institutions, poor service delivery, widespread corruption, political exclusion, and leadership failures have contributed to the state's inability to effectively address insecurity. The findings reveal that insecurity in Nigeria is not merely a function of violent extremism or criminality but is deeply rooted in structural and governance deficits that erode citizens’ trust and widen the gap between the state and society. It also establishes a correlation between poor governance practices such as elite capture of state resources, ethno-religious politicization, and neglect of youth empowerment and the rise in violent resistance and criminal networks. The paper recommends holistic and inclusive governance reforms, strengthening of democratic institutions, community policing, and proactive engagement with marginalized groups as key strategies to address insecurity. By linking governance failures with the prevalence of insecurity, the study contributes to literature on peacebuilding and state resilience in transitional democracies, and provides practical lessons for policymakers, development practitioners, and scholars concerned with Nigeria’s democratic consolidation and national security
WOMEN INVOLVEMENT IN UNIVERSITY GOVERNANCE AND INCLUSIVE LEADERSHIP
Get PDFThe involvement of women in university governance has become a crucial marker of progress toward inclusive and equitable leadership in higher education. Despite global advances in gender equality, the participation of women in decision-making positions within universities remains disproportionately low. This paper examines the extent, challenges, and implications of women's involvement in university governance, with a particular focus on inclusive leadership practices. Using a combination of literature review and empirical analysis, the study highlights how institutional cultures, gender bias, policy gaps, and leadership stereotypes have historically limited women’s roles in academic governance. It also explores the transformative potential of women leaders in promoting participatory decision-making, ethical administration, and gender-responsive policies in universities. The paper argues that inclusive leadership defined by diversity, collaboration, and equity is enriched when women are actively engaged in governance structures such as university senates, councils, and management boards. Findings suggest that increasing female representation enhances not only gender justice but also the effectiveness and responsiveness of university governance. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy reforms, mentorship programmes, and institutional frameworks that support gender-balanced leadership. These measures are essential for creating inclusive academic environments where both men and women can contribute meaningfully to institutional development and innovation
Security: Exploring Alternative Methods in Curbing Security Challenges in Nigeria
Get PDFIdentifying the theoretical causes and practical arrangements of Nigeria's present security dilemma is an important first step towards creating solutions. According to the paper, policy misalignment is to blame for decades of policy failures in addressing Nigeria's security challenges. The study then turns to the function of education and how to best use it to address Nigeria's present security challenges, with a special emphasis on the importance of incorporating emotional intelligence into the process
Inter-Faith Dialogue, Peace Building and Conflict Transformation in Nigeria
Get PDFNigeria as a nation with diversity has religious plurality as one of its integral parts. Living in diversity surely is a formidable task. Such religious diversity has been a source of violent conflict owing to seemingly irreconcilable religious ideologies of the different faiths. This often makes it difficult for their adherents to look beyond their differences and search for common grounds upon which a shared community life can be built. Inter-faith dialogue is a peace-building activity which is carried out in an atmosphere of openness, quest for truth and reciprocal respect. It builds trust, clarifies misunderstandings, removes negative perceptions and stereotypes, and transforming enemy images and reconciliation which transform conflict from confrontation to cooperation. The challenges of interfaith dialogue are lack of focus by interfaith dialogue practitioners, proselytization by some participants, religious hegemony and religious extremism.The study recommends that the emphasis of citizenship Rights, poverty alleviation schemes, peace education,restorative justice system. The study concludes that the capacity of a society to continue to exist despite prevailing conflicts depends on its ability to devise the means of curbing the negative impact of such conflicts
Insecurity and the State’s Humanitarian Intervention in Northern Nigeria
Get PDFInsecurity in Northern Nigeria has become hydra-headed and wide spreadas it protracts. With Boko Haram insurgency in the North East, Armed Banditry in the North West and Pastoralists’Militias in North Central notwithstanding the inundated ethno-religious violent conflict in the region, an appreciable part of the population is currently displaced thereby needing prompt humanitarian intervention. The state responds and reacts by establishment of institutional frameworks (Ministry of Humanitarian Affairs and Disaster Management, National Emergency Management Agency, North East Development Commission, State Emergency Management Agency and Military Operations) to rid the region of insecurity. Theinsecurity has caused humanitarian and complex emergencies (deaths, loss of property, internally displacement, hunger, healthcare challenges, immobility and palpable fear and anxiety to the dweller of affected areas). The methodology leverages content analysis from secondary sources. The study adopts the theory of State Failure as humanitarian intervention is a duty of the state but the Nigeria state lags. It recommends that IDPs in North Central and West should be resettled, Development Commission for North Central and West be established, more funding for Military Operations(Armed Humanitarian Intervention). It concludes that humanitarian intervention is an obligation of the state to the citizens and a justified cause
PRODUCTION AND SECURITY OF FOOD IN GLOBAL CIRCLE: An Exploration Of Its Challenges In Nigeria Since 1970
No full textFood is indispensable to the growth and development of the people across the world. It remains first in the affairs of man regardless of one's background. A nation without food will experience poverty, hunger and malnutrition which are inimical to overall growth and development. Food production is the cultivation of plants and rearing of animal as well as preparing them for human consumption. The Food and Agricultural Organization has been preaching the need for the people around the world to be food secured. Consequently, the developed countries have been on the vanguard of food security by putting strong policies in place to achieve it to her citizen. Conversely, in developing countries especially in Africa, food production has been given less attention by the government owing to bad governance that led to the alarming increase in the prices of staple food stuffs which resulted into global food crises starting from 1970s. This paper focuses on Nigeria which her food production is contrary to the global best practices leading to food insecurity in the country and the developed countries have been using food as a global politics against the country that is food in-secured. The paper employed primary and secondary historical research to explore the gargantuan challenges of food production in Nigeria despite her abundance resources to achieve food production for her citizens and for export. The work argues that Nigeria should break away from her dependency syndrome and embark on modern food production for her citizens regardless of interdependency of nations and Ecological Armageddon that threatening the environment. The work concludes that Nigeria needs good leaders that are more proactive to food production rather than politicizing it. The paper recommends that government should synchronize both internal and external remedies of large scale food production to promote food sufficiency that can enhance peace and development in the comity of nations
An Analysis of Chinese Transport Infrastructure Loans and Investment in ICT in Nigeria
No full textModern digital and physical infrastructures are critical to national security and socio-economic development. It is within this context that Nigeria obtained huge loans from China-Exim Bank and attracted significant FDI from private Chinese companies to modernize her broken down physical infrastructure and obsolete ICT ecosystem. Since the thrust of the paper is an enquiry after the fact, the Ex-Post-Facto research design was adopted for data collection while the theory of absolute and relative gains was applied as a theoretical framework. The paper discovered that the exact terms and conditions embedded in the performance and implementation frameworks were not disclosed. This raised questions of transparency in the loan packaging process. The paper also discovered that in the other African and Asian countries where China had given out such infrastructure loans in the past, a high level of hidden cost was attached. The undisclosed hidden cost attached to Chinese infrastructure loans and the concessions given to private Chinese companies to do business at will in Nigeria has created a high level of balance of trade deficit in favour of China. The possibility of debt insolvency has serious implications for national security and socio-economic development the future. It is against this backdrop that the paper concludes that the Chinese infrastructure loans and ICT investments are potential debt traps foisted on Nigeria with grave negative implications for the future. Recommendations were suggested as a way forward
THE INFLUENCE OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMS ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
Get PDFThis work observes the influence of poverty alleviation programs on economic development evidence from Nigeria. Poverty alleviation is a serious matter that requires serious attention. Despite various poverty alleviation programs implemented by various past and present governments in Nigeria, it seems that this menace is still living with us. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find out the origin of poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria, the approaches and strategies that Nigerian government has applied to reduce poverty, the appraisal or outcomes of poverty alleviation programmes and the constraints of the programmes in Nigeria. This study covers the period between 1980– 2015.Analyzing time series data obtained from secondary sources. The essence of the study is to investigate the significant influence of various poverty alleviation programmes set up by various governments to reduce poverty level in Nigeria. The researcher employed the Ordinary Least Square Technique to measure the incidence of poverty. The analysis was facilitated with the use of E-views analytical package. Findings reveal the existence of overall significant influence of poverty alleviation programmes on economic development of Nigeria
LEADING THEORIES IN AKWA IBOM COLONIAL HISTORIOGRAPHY
No full textAs applicable in other part of Africa, the imposition of colonialism hindered development and sustainability of the indigenous Akwa Ibom socio-cultural, economic and political institutions as such institutions were labelled negatively to justify the merits of the colonial system. European scholars, missionaries, historians and scientists were dislodged to perfect Britain's ambitions in Akwa Ibom area through various ideological and pseudo-scientific postulations. The study employed mostly secondary sources to attempt a historical analysis of colonial theories adopted in the historiography of Akwa Ibom past and history. Such denigrating terms such as primitive, heathen, pagan and illicit among others were applied to explain the people's uncivility. This research is an attempt to unveil the fact that the area now refers to as Akwa Ibom had adversely been affected by the various Eurocentric theories and ideologies aimed at destabilizing her indigenous identify and peoplehood up to the post- colonial era
