Wukari International Studies Journal
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BORDER POROUSNESS AND THE FULANI HERDSMEN VIOLENCE AS THREAT TO NIGERIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY (2013-2022): IMPLICATION FOR THE ATTAINMENT OF SDG GOAL 16 (PEACE)
Get PDFNigeria as a country is plagued with numerous problems of insecurity. This study examines border porousness, Nigeria’s national security and violence perpetrated by the Fulani herdsmen and its implication for attaining sustainable development goal 16 (peace). Relying on the fragile state theory, backed by secondary methods of data collection, the study investigates the challenges of securing the nation’s borders and how the activities of the herdsmen directly affect the national security of the Nigerian state with negative impact on sustainable development goal 16 (peace). Findings from the study reveal that the numerous illegal border routes in the country and the weak security system pave the way for illegal migrants. Their activities are inimical to the attainment of sustainable development goal 16 (peace). The study recommends proper border monitoring and establishment of ranches for herders and a pre-emptive approach to security management in the country
MILITARY INTERVENTIONSAND THE NIGERIA FOURTH REPUBLIC: A REFLECTION DISCOURSE
Get PDFSince independence, Nigeria's unity has been plagued and threatened by socio-economic, cultural, religious and political dichotomies, which has led to military intervention in the political sphere of the country, even after the return to civilian rule in May 1999, known as the Nigeria Fourth Republic. Military interventions in Nigeria’s civil matters have been vehemently kicked against by many scholars due to its negative effects on the society. The main objective of the paper is to assess military interventions in Nigeria fourth republic to identify the loopholes in the interventions. The paper used secondary data from newspapers and the internet. The qualitative method of analysis was used for this study. It discovered that military interventions in the socio-political and civil matters in the Nigeria fourth republic is characterized by violations and infringements of civic rights, disobedience of court orders, total disregard of human dignity and destruction of live and properties. The study recommends that there should be a conscious effort on the part of leaders of the nation to improve the socio-economic development of the country and more funding and training of the agencies/forces responsible for internal security
EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION OF POLICE HARASSMENT OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFGlobally, police is an important institution of established states, given the responsibility to maintain public law and order. However, in Nigeria, these roles have been overshadowed by lack professionalism and civil public engagement which have metamorphosed into undue police harassment of not only the general public, but students of higher institutions. Thus, the study “Empirical investigation of police harassment of private university students in Ogun State, Nigeria’’ is undertaken. The paper is descriptively quantitative in nature with twelve (12) private universities selected in Ogun State as case study. Questionnaires were administered on the respondents and SPSS was deployed for data analysis, while social learning theory was adopted as theoretical framework. The findings of the study revealed that males students in private universities are prone to police harassment than females, that harassment has become police strategy to ease possible extortion of the students and that most cases these harassment were informed by the students bad dresses and hairstyles. The study does recommends for regular in- service training for the police on civil public engagement and respect for citizens inalienable rights; government assertiveness on good character, empathy and obedience to laws as recruitment criteria into Nigeria police; NANS affirmative action against police brutality of students and scaled- up public enlightenment through symposia on mutual respects for the law officers by members of the public
THE NEXUS BETWEEN ARMED CONFLICT, SECURITY, PEACE EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis paper examines the interconnection between armed conflict, security, education, peace, and development in Nigeria. Nigeria is found to be a country weighed down by violent and structural conflicts border wars, inter-ethnic armed conflict, political and social imbalances, and so on. Consequently, it is a country virtually in a state of perpetual conflict, especially in the Northeast of Borno, Yobe, and Adamawa which has affected educational development in the area. Nigeria has a low rating in the Human Development Index and consequently has failed to develop because of incessant conflicts, which make peace elusive in the country. The research used secondary data. Frustration aggression theory was adopted. The research recommends that good governance should be totally up-held in Africa to minimize conflicts in our nations and states, through good policies and programmes. The government should create youth employment schemes. There should be a proper process of conflict resolution through good communication, collaboration, negotiation, conciliation, mediation, Arbitration, and Adjudication
ILLEGAL TRANSNATIONAL MIGRATION AND ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThe paper is mainly focused on the effects of illegal transnational migration on drug trafficking in Nigeria. This is anchored on the basis that the rate of illegal transnational migration along the Sahel and other borderlines has played a key role in fuelling drug trafficking and other criminal activities in Nigeria. The paper adopts the network migration theory to explain how irregular movements and drug trafficking are masterminded by flows and counterflow of information across international borders. The paper was based on a desk review using secondary sources. The paper found that the porous borderlines between Nigeria and other neighbouring countries make drug trafficking activities highly undetected. The paper also found that drug trafficking is facilitated by well organized criminal syndicates, which are ready to force their way through if challenged. It was also found that drug trafficking is a transnationally organized crime that is sometimes aided and compromised by the conventional security formations in Nigeria. It was also discovered that internationally organized drug trafficking has accounted for the imprisonment and deaths of many Nigerians within and outside of Nigeria. The paper recommended, among others, that there should be a joint strategy on border security between Nigeria and other neighbouring countries. There should be retraining, re-orientation and a clean-up strategy within the Nigerian security agencies to curb corruption in the security system. There should be perimeter fencing along Nigeria's land border lines with Niger Republic, Chad, Benin Republic, and Cameroon to make border policing more easily
CONFLICT BETWEEN PASTORALISTS AND FARMERS IN NIGERIA AND ITS POTENTIALS FOR REGIONAL INSECURITY IN AFRICA
Get PDFPastoralists and farmers clashes in different parts of Nigeria have been on the increase since the return to democratic governance in 1999. While it is recognised that both parties have been living peaceably for decades, several factors have affected this relationship and have made the onset of conflicts inevitable. For instance, climate change, drought, desertification and flooding have necessitated the movement of herders from their base in the northern part of the country to the south for greener pastures, a move that has pitched them against southern farmers whose crops are often destroyed during such migrations. Furthermore, population explosion, blocking of traditional grazing routes, cattle rustling and banditry as well as manipulation of the crisis by the political elite, have all aided the exacerbation of the conflict. Sourcing data from theoretical and empirical evidence, this study examines the phenomenon of pastoralists and farmers conflict in Nigeria and their potential for instability in the African sub-region. Findings from the study show that tensions or any major confrontation between the Fulani and other ethnic groups in Nigeria could have a spillover effect on neighbouring African countries with repercussions on Africa’s security and stability. This is because the Fulani ethnic group is found across several African countries and transnational livestock migrations could draw in fighters from neighbouring countries. Besides, the conflict could articulate other types of conflicts on the continent. To manage the conflict, the author recommends that African governments should muster the political will to address the security challenges posed to the African continent by the conflict by reviewing the ECOWAS Transhumance Protocol among others
ETHNO-RELIGIOUS CONFLICT: A THREAT TO BENEVOLENT INTERGROUP RELATIONS IN WUKARI METROPOLIS, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFGlobally, there are variant patterns of intergroup relations that determines when interaction and contact between individuals and groups in the society produces benevolent or malevolent outcomes.In recent times, the growing interest for political and economic domination among the major ethnic groups has resulted in power tussle.This study examines the ethno-religious conflict and its effects on intergroup relations in Wukari Metropolis, a multi-ethnic society in Nigeria. The aim is to understand the patterns of intergroup relations and the impact of ethno-religious conflicts on social cohesion. The conflict theory is employed as a theoretical framework to explain the phenomenon. A simple random sampling technique was used to select wards, and the Tare Yamane formula determined the sample size. Data was collected through questionnaires from 391 respondents using quantitative methods. The findings reveal that ethno-religious conflicts in Wukari Metropolis are intense and centered around competition for limited resources such as land, political positions, economic resources, natural resources, and human resources. The effects of these conflicts include segregation, underdevelopment, malevolent relations, and loss of lives. The study recommends inclusive distribution of political positions, economic resources, human resources, and natural resources to foster relative peace and accommodate the diverse population in Wukari Metropolis
BANDITRY AND GENDER-BASED VOLIENCE IN NORTH-WEST NIGERIA
Get PDFThe menace of banditry over the years had had a devastating effects on both developed and developing countries of the world alike. This emerging security challenge has threatened the very fabric of the fragile peace the Nigerian State was enjoying; especially, in the Northwest states of Zamfara, Kaduna, Katsina, etc. However, the paper examines the impact of banditry activities on women and children who are mostly victims. This study uses a qualitative methodology that relies on secondary data sources. Books, periodicals, newspapers, online information, and reports were frequently used. The paper posits that the presence of high level of unemployment with the attendant poverty, weak security system, grossly ungoverned spaces, porosity of Nigeria’s borders, and arms proliferations, among many, are the driving factors quickening banditry in the Northwest region of Nigeria. It further contends that the banditry activities pervading the Northwest Nigeria has undermined human security; peace and development of the region and that the efforts made by stakeholders to combat the scourge have not yielded the desired result. The paper hence recommends, among others, that the Nigerian government should come up with working poverty alleviation programme(s) and should be directed towards addressing the high incidence of poverty among women and children who are a vulnerable segment of the population mostly attacked and trapped by banditry activities vis-à-vis empowerment programmes or employment opportunities, targeting youths who are primarily involved in abductions and kidnappings out of economic frustration, such as unemployment; and also establish a special force and intelligence unit that will be trained and equipped to fight against human trafficking, banditry, kidnapping and terrorism, as this will help in curtailing if not eliminating criminal activities in our society
MEDIA APPROACH TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES IN CHIKUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE
Get PDFPoverty is a global phenomenon recognized by United Nations as part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and the anti-poverty program's initiatives adopted by different governments to tackle this menace and bring poverty to zero level still shows that more are still needed to do in other to actualize and sustain the socio-economic development of the country. This research paper critically evaluates media approach to poverty alleviation in Chikun Local Government Area. Hinged on Development Media Theory findings showed that media play great role in promoting knowledge and national development programmes. Consequently, where there is a communication gap, it is likely to result in an interruption in the attainment of poverty alleviation programmes. The study, recommends that all future anti-poverty programmes of the government must have provision for an adequate budget to utilize the rural media and communication strategies including face-to face and radio to publicize these programmes so that no one among the poor will be excluded
An Assessment of Nigeria Security Sector Reform, 1999-2010
Get PDFThis research work is necessitated by the poor perception and understanding of the security sector in Nigeria. Prolonged military rule in Nigeria undermined professionalism of the security forces. This is as a result of lack of effective civilian oversight or relations. This research paper set out with four objectives: First to examine the place of security sector reform in Nigeria, and second to examine the programmes and policies on security sector reform in Nigeria. Thirdly, to determine the challenges facing security sector reform in Nigeria. Finally, to propose necessary strategies for successful security sector reform in Nigeria. The research work was mainly descriptive in nature and the study relied mainly on primary and secondary sources. The major findings were that the programme Military Professionals Resources Incorporated was the major security sector reform programme which embarked upon by President O. Obasanjo administration and that security sector is those organisations, which have authority to use or order the use of force or the threat of force, to protect the state and its citizens, as well as those civil structures that are responsible for their management and oversight. The research findings were that security sector reform reflects those policies, legislations and actions taken by governments to ensure that the security sector provides safety for the citizens efficiently and effectively without inhibitions. However, the outcome of this research should be useful to the security agencies as well as policy makers in Nigeria