Wukari International Studies Journal
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URBANIZATION, MIGRATION, AND HUMAN SECURITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
Get PDFUrbanization refers to the gradual increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas, and the corresponding decline in rural areas. Migration is also global phenomenon that involves a complex and multifaceted process that deals with the movement of individuals or groups from one geographical location to another for various reasons. Today, urbanization continues to be a major trend worldwide, with more than half of the world's population now living in urban areas. At its core, the concept of human security emphasizes the protection and empowerment of people, rather than just states or territories. This study examines the complex relationship between urbanization, migration, and human security in Africa and their implications for sustainable development. The continent's rapid urbanization and internal migration have created new challenges for policymakers, particularly in the areas of human security and sustainable development. While urbanization can be a driver of economic growth and human development, it also poses significant challenges to human security. Urbanization and migration often lead to overcrowding, inadequate housing, and limited access to basic services such as water and healthcare. These conditions increase the vulnerability of urban populations to a range of security threats, including crime, disease outbreaks, and environmental disasters
THE NEW WORLD INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ORDER DEBATE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY IN NIGERIA
Get PDFWhile the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) debate underlines the centrality of information and communication development to societal transformation in the twenty-first century, it has unarguably led to explosion in human communication in ways previously thought impossible. Yet the media industry in Nigeria as in many parts of the developing world is still gasping for survival. This study serves as a baseline for examining the effectiveness of the NWICO debate, by this, the study identifies areas of weakness in the role that NWICO plays in the Nigerian media for possible improvement. The study was underpinned on the National System of Innovation (NSI) and the News Framing theory, and adopted the mixed research method using historical and content analysis. It also relied on secondary sources of data. The study concluded that NWICO in Nigeria is a work in progress as the gap between the developed countries and the developing is far from being bridged. UNESCO’s presence needs to be felt on the astronomical cost of production inputs and the massive technology disruptions, privacy violation by government or by powerful media houses, proscription of press freedom and the protection of the human rights of journalist. The study recommends the need to unveil policy palliatives to cushion the astronomical cost of production inputs and the massive technology disruptions for the media, to enable practitioners continue to provide affordable and invaluable verified information for the public good. This will hopefully expand the readership base of the mainstream media in terms of affordability and subscriptions
THE POLITICS OF APPOINTING POLITICAL AND CARREER DIPLOMATS’ IN NIGERIA: Understanding the Nexus
Get PDFDiplomatic appointment in Nigeria is an elite phenomenon and shrouded with many secrecies. The process of selection and confirmation of ambassadors for onward posting to their receiving states is a complex process. Though, there are literature on diplomacy and international relations with respect to foreign policy, but there are limited literature on the selection and confirmation process of ambassadors’ in Nigeria. This paper examines the complex process of ambassadorial appointments and their role in promoting national interest of their respective states in foreign land. The paper also examines the relationship that exist between the two categories of ambassadors and the rights and privileges they enjoyed while discharging their duties in foreign land. The author used content analysis and interview of some professional experts in the field of law making and international relations. The findings of the paper shows that diplomatic appointment in Nigeria is complex. Both political and career ambassadors are deployed by the federal government of Nigeria through the ministry of foreign affairs in foreign land for representation and promotion of national interest. Diplomatic appointment in Nigeria is exclusively preserved for the President. However, it requires legislative (Senate) confirmation and security clearance. The paper recommends that the Nigerian government need to review the application of federal character principle and quota system in the appointment of ambassadors
INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON NEWS CONSUMPTION AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN ILORIN
Get PDFThis study exploresthe influence of social media on news consumption patterns among undergraduates in Kwara State University, Malete, and the University of Ilorin. Employing a descriptive survey methodology, the study addressed issues regarding the extent of social media usage for news consumption, motivations for using social media for news, and factors influencing news consumption through these platforms. Existing studies have focused mainly on social media usage and its impact on political participation, socialization, and academic performance. Consequently, a gap is observed in the existing literature concerning the magnitude of social media utilization and its impact on the news consumption patterns of undergraduates in Ilorin. This research is framed within the foundational principles of the Uses and Gratifications Theory. The results elucidate the noteworthy influence of social media on the news consumption behaviors of undergraduates in the designated universities. WhatsApp and Instagram emerged as the most frequently used platforms for news consumption. Motives for using social media for news ranged from seeking relevant information to social interaction and staying updated on news. Students displayed a considerable dedication of time, with over half of respondents spending five hours or more on social media for news consumption. Factors influencing news consumption on social media encompassed digital literacy, demographics, and news credibility. This study underscores the need for media literacy programmes within educational institutions to empower students to critically evaluate news content on social media. It also suggests the importance of raising awareness about responsible social media usage. Diversification of news sources and promotion of credible news outlets can contribute to a well-rounded news consumption experience for students
CHALLENGES OF LOCALIZATION OF THE POLICY FRAMEWORK AND NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR PREVENTING VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThe study examines the challenges of localization of the policy framework and national action plan for preventing violent extremism in Plateau state. The paper noted that violent extremism is fundamentally, repudiations of democratic values of tolerance, respect, inclusion and diversity. In Nigeria, threats from violent extremism are targeted against individuals, groups and the state. These threats have gravely undermined economic development, social progress, political stability, national and human security, and peaceful coexistence in the country. The theoretical framework for this study is the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Evaluation Model. Questionnaires and in-depth interview were used to collect the data for this study. Simple descriptive statistics presented in tables using frequency and percentages were used to analyse the quantitative data collected in the study. While, in-depth interview summaries were used to analyse the qualitative data. The Findings show that: the policy framework and national action plan for preventing violent extremism is a product that went through several processes and stakeholders. But essentially, it contains a strategic vision Nigeria holds for preventing violent extremism, which is a product of research, global practices and knowledge of the root causes of violent extremism. There is low awareness of the level of localization and implementation of the policy framework and national action plan for preventing violent extremism in Plateau state. The challenges of the localizing and implementing the policy framework and national action plan for preventing violent extremism in Plateau state are largely due to lack of coordination, lack of awareness, lack of effectiveness, trust gap between government and citizens. The paper recommended that: effective national coordination is urgently needed to localize the policy at the grassroots. While, different civil society organizations should not work at cross-purposes but be coordinated in their activities toward preventing violent extremism in Plateau State
SOCIAL MEDIA AND NONVIOLENT PROTEST MOVEMENTS: A CONTEMPORARY REVIEW OF THE ENDSARS MOVEMENT
No full textThe use of social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter were pivotal in the EndSARS protest against police brutality. It is a strongly held view that what is aired by the media during conflict often serves as one of the instruments of resolving or escalating conflict. The EndSARS movement employed various nonviolent strategies and tactics to advance its objectives. One of the key strategies used was peaceful mass protests and demonstrations. This article highlights a view of the EndSARS movement, focusing on the role of social media in facilitating nonviolent protest movements. The EndSARS movement emerged in Nigeria in 2020, aiming to end police brutality. This study explored how social media has been used to facilitate protests movements globally and examines the impact of social media platforms, such as Twitter and Facebook, in mobilizing activists, amplifying voices, and disseminating information. The study was anchored on the collective identity theory. The analysis highlights the challenges, successes and limitations of using social media for nonviolent protests, drawing implications and lessons for future movements. The study employed a qualitative data collection method and twelve (12) respondents comprising of police officers and activists who were participants in the EndSARS protests were interviewed. 
RESPONSES OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES TO POOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN GOMBE METROPOLIS, NORTH EAST NIGERIA, 1963-2013
Get PDFBeginning from the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries, the nexus between infrastructure and growth of manufacturing has been well established in the literature. As such, poor infrastructure has been identified to have negative effect on industrial development as evident in low capacity utilization and collapse of industries. However, response of manufacturers to infrastructure deficiencies is rarely analyzed in most of the literatures. This gives an impression that manufacturers adopt a lets-wait-and see attitude towards poor infrastructure. It is against this backdrop that this paper interrogates the responses of manufacturing firms to infrastructure decadence within the context of Gombe metropolis in North East Nigeria. Gombe remains a city with overwhelming infrastructure decay which affects its industrialization process. Thus, there is compelling need to explore how the manufacturers in Gombe face the challenge of infrastructure deficits. A historical method of inquiry based on the use of primary and secondary sources was adopted. The result showed that manufacturers responded to poor public infrastructure through private provisioning, requested public electricity, water supply, factor substitution, output reduction, relocation, and closure. The paper finally contends that collapse of industries due to poor infrastructure in Gombe metropolis was a long and protracted one not sudden or overnight occurrence as often assumed and popularized
WOMEN ORGANIZATIONS, SECURITY AND PEACE-BUILDING IN NIGERIA: AN EXAMINATION OF THE PROGRAMMES AND ACTIVITIES OF EUNICE SPRING OF LIFE FOUNDATION
Get PDFNot much literature exists on the contributions of women in security and peace-building in Nigeria – thus this article is a discussion of the contributions (present and potential) of women and women organizations in the security and peace-building process in Benue State by examining the programmes and activities of Eunice Spring of Life Foundation (ESLF); a Makurdi based non-governmental organization. The paper utilized both primary and secondary instruments to collect its data: questionnaire, books and journals. Findings show that through the advocacy and support of ESLF, nine (9) women were elected as chairpersons in nine (9) LGAs of the state and sensitizing and empowering youths led to an improvement in the security and peace of Benue communities. The study concluded that when women begin to contribute to the making of security and peace-building decisions and policies, security and peace in Nigeria and Benue State will improve. The paper recommends the promotion of women participation in security, conflict prevention, conflict management, conflict resolution and peace building
GOVERNMENT HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME IN NIGERIA: INTERROGATING THE NEXUS
Get PDFThe study examined the nexus between government health expenditure and educational outcome in Nigeria from 1981 to 2021. To achieve this objective the study collected time series data on the relevant variables namely: government health expenditure, school enrolment ratio which was used as the proxy for educational outcome, infant mortality which chosen because it received the direct effect of a change in government health expenditure and the Gross Domestic Product of Nigeria. The study conducted a stationarity test using the Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit Root test and a long run relationship was tested with the aid of the Johansen test for integration. The study found all the variables to be stationary at first difference while thevariables were conitegrated at 5% level of significance. The Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) was used to examine the interconnectedness of the variables and their relationships.It was however discovered that health expenditure in Nigeria had a positiveimpact on educational outcome.The findings of the paper revealed that government health expenditure can have positive impacts on school enrolment ratioin Nigeria depending on how significant the amount spent on the health sector is. This implies that as health expenditure rises, school enrolment ratio rises. The study recommended among other things that a significant portion of the Nigeria’s budget should be allocated to the health sector to generate a positive change in the educational sector
National Inland Water Ways Authority and the Federal Character Principle: An Interrogation
Get PDFEmployment distribution in National Inland Water Ways Authority (NIWA) has been lopsidedly structured despite the existence of Federal Character Principle (FCP). FCP was enacted to ensure equality in employment distribution in the government agencies such as NIWA. Unfortunately, the implementation of the Federal Character Principle appears to be ineffective because disparity still characterizes employment distribution in NIWA. This paper focuses on the causes the unequal employment distribution in NIWA. Apaper used purposive samplingin selecting the key informants andcontent analysis was used to analyze the data.To achieve the goal of the paper, the authors used the case study design because it allows for in-depth investigation of the topic through one-on[1]one interactions through interviews and subsequent use of various data collected over a predetermined time frame. The paper found that disparity continues to ravage the employment distribution in NIWA because of political influence, conflict of interest and ethnic bias. The paperconcludes that implementation of the policy can be achieved through an all[1]inclusive implementation measure