Wukari International Studies Journal
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND FUTURE WARFARE: ETHICAL, STRATEGIC, AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
Get PDFArtificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the character of warfare, raising profound ethical, strategic, and security challenges for international relations. This paper investigates the intersection of these dimensions by examining how ethical concerns about accountability, discrimination, and proportionality shape strategic doctrines, how governance gaps undermine responsible deployment, and how security dynamics are recalibrated by the diffusion of AI capabilities. Drawing on recent scholarship, the study argues that ethical constraints function as upstream variables that condition doctrinal choices, while strategic incentives often erode safeguards by privileging speed and automation. The analysis demonstrates that governance deficits such as legal ambiguity, weak oversight, and opaque procurement amplify risks of escalation, misattribution, and norm erosion. The paper proposes a holistic framework integrating ethical norms, organizational design, and multilateral governance to manage these risks. Policy recommendations emphasize the development of modular normative frameworks and treaties, confidence-building measures modeled on arms control precedents, and the institutionalization of robust human-in-the-loop safeguards. The paper contributes to literature by bridging ethical debates and strategic stability analysis, showing that norms are not merely external constraints but formative forces shaping capability trajectories. Theoretically, it advances international relations scholarship by reframing deterrence and balance of power dynamics as outcomes contingent on technical governance and institutional adaptability. Future research should test the feasibility of modular treaty designs, explore verification protocols for algorithmic performance, and analyze how alliances can harmonize export controls and certification regimes. Overall, this work underscores that managing AI in warfare requires integrated solutions that combine ethics, strategy, and security governance
LEADERSHIP STYLE AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA: AN ASSESSMENT OF EBELE GOOD LUCK JONATHAN AND MUHAMMADU BUHARI’S ADMINISTRATIONS
Get PDFThis study investigates the assessment of political leadership and implications for national security in Nigeria’s fourth republicwith a specific focus on Former President Good-Luck Jonathan and President Muhamaddu Buhari’s Administration. The objectives of the study examinedthe effect ofpolitical leadership on national security. The study employed secondary data in gathering information from books, newspapers, Journals, magazines, and internet sources. Transformational Leadership theory was adopted in this study. It was found in the study that the state of insecurity which manifested inits variousforms such as terrorism, militancy, kidnapping, corruption, poverty, unemployment, violation of human rights, and underdevelopment of some regions in the country is a result of political leadershipby various Nigerian leaders in their respective administration and this has seriouseffects on the security of the country. The study proposesthat politicalleaders ofthe Nigerian state should protect the interest of their people rather than their own personal interests
TAPPING THE OPPORTUNITIES IN AFRICAN GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY ACT (AGOA) FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study called on Nigerian government to explore the chances in the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) to improve the current economic woes, which have affected her development and global ranking. It derived its data from the secondary sources such as textbooks, articles, journals, etc., and adopted the theory of interdependence as a framework of analysis. From the qualitative analysis of the data stated above, the paper argued that AGOA, which has been in existence since 2000 has a lot of prospects for Nigeria. These opportunities are in the areas of trade and investment, job creation and poverty alleviation, textile industry, where women can own their companies, capacity building and technical assistance, as well the oil sector. Nigeria, even though has continued to remain a beneficiary of AGOA by meeting the yearly eligibility criteria for beneficiary, has not fully utilised these opportunities as it should. It is on this basis that the paper made some recommendations as follows: Nigeria should fully utilise the opportunities in AGOA to develop its economy by exporting more goods to US market; Enabling environment should be created for female citizens to own their business within the textile zone of Kaduna and other places to alleviate their sufferings thereby contributing to the economic development of the country; Nigeria should therefore take advantage of this opportunity to engage with the US to train Nigerian more businessmen and women in export processing among others
2023 GENERAL ELECTIONS, POLITICAL VIOLENCE AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF LAGOS STATE EXPERIENCE
Get PDFThis paper investigated nexus between the 2023 general elections, political violence and national integration in Nigeria, focusing on Lagos State’s experience. The study specifically examined the factors that promoted political violence during the 2023 general elections and its implication on national integration in Lagos State Nigeria. The descriptive survey research design was adopted while self-structured questionnaire was utilised to elicit data from 215 respondents. The data were analysed with mean and standard deviation. The study discovered that several composite factors such as politics of sentiment and entitlement (Emilokan - it is my turn - mantra), excessive monetised politics, religiosity, ethnicised politics and power shift syndrome, among others, promoted the political violence witnessed during the general elections in Lagos State. Equally, the study revealed that political violence witnessed in Lagos State during the 2023 general elections further wrecked havoc on the already cracked and disunity relationship among the ethnic groupings residing in Lagos State as the elections breed sentiment, disunity, distrust and threatens friendliness, tolerance, economic activities and democracy in the state. The study concluded that political violence witnessed during the 2023 general elections distorts peaceful co-existence of the major ethnic constituents in Lagos State and further widen gap of promoting national integration in the State and Nigeria at large. It was recommended among others, that the stakes of the elections should be made less attractive so as to give room for patriotic citizens to participate in the political process and curb do-or-die elections
AWARENESS AND PERCEPTION OF ONITSHA RESIDENTS ON ‘JAPA’ SYNDROME AMONG NIGERIANS
Get PDFThis study examined the awareness and perception of Onitsha residents on ‘japa’ syndrome in Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. A questionnaire was used to generate data from the respondents. Findings showed that 40% ofOnitsha residents are aware of Japa syndrome to a great extent.Further findings showed that most (39%) of the respondents obtained information about ‘Japa’ issues through the Internet medium, followed by friends and television medium. They also perceived the ‘Japa’ issues as a positive development. The researchers affirmed that Onitsha residents are aware of japa syndrome. The researchers recommended that Nigerian media should keep informing its citizens of the latest trends or developments in the country and beyond
TERRORISM AND POLITICS IN NIGERIA: A Search for Sustainable Peace and Security
Get PDFTerrorism in Nigeria has cast a long and dark shadow over the nation's quest for political stability, social harmony, and economic development. This abstract offers a comprehensive overview of the intricate and complex relationship between terrorism and politics in Nigeria, emphasizing the pressing need to establish a state of sustainable peace and security. The historical backdrop reveals the emergence of groups like Boko Haram and militant factions in the Niger Delta, underscoring the importance of understanding the roots of this enduring crisis. While Nigeria has employed various counterterrorism strategies, their effectiveness and broader political ramifications demand careful analysis to guide the pursuit of sustainable peace. These dynamics require a holistic approach to addressing the menace. The impact of terrorism on Nigerian politics, from influencing electoral processes to shaping governance and policy decisions, is a central concern, the theoretical frame work that anchored the study is the Greed and Grievances theory. The findings of the study highlight the intricate relationship between terrorism and politics in Nigeria, underlining the complex interplay between these two forces. Lastly, the research investigates the cultural and socioeconomic factors that contribute to the persistence of terrorism, going beyond religious or ideological motivations. It concludes by highlighting the imperative for a multidimensional approach to address these complexities and collaboratively work towards a more secure and peaceful Nigeria
ELECTRONIC LEARNING FOR EDUCATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE PANDEMIC ERA: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Get PDFEducation is one of the key aspects of states’ economies around the world, and it has served as the foundation for all significant achievements in any country.Since it has been established that the sustainability of the education sector is critical to the development of any nations’ economy and all round development, no nation conscious of development can therefore allow her educational system to be paralyzed or shut down for any reason. Therefore, the viability of the education sector of any nation must be sustained irrespective of any threatening factor that may be confronting the nation. It is worth noting that electronic learning, often known as virtual or e-learning, was previously neglected, particularly in underdeveloped nations. However, because of the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the whole world is obliged to resort to virtual learning for educational purposes. Most countries throughout the world were forced to impose a non-negotiable lockdown on all sectors, including education, as a result of this pandemic.virtual learning was also imperative in order to ensure the sustainability of academic work at the national level in every country across the world. Since its introduction, electronic learning has risen to prominence and came to the rescue of education sectors in the face of the ravaging pandemic.Be that as it may, many other institutions were unable to do so in view of some circumstances beyond their control. This pandemic however brought to the fore, the unreadiness or unpreparedness for virtual learning.The aim of the project is to examine the adoption and usage of electronic learning for educational sustainability in the pandemic era.This study took the form of a review of relevant literature. The review collected and summarized qualitative data connected to keywords that are closely related to the four research questions that have already been proposed to lead the research
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FANON’S POLITICAL THEORY TO PAN AFRICANISM
Get PDFThe study explores the contributions of Frantz Fanon political theories towards the liberation of the African countries from the imperial invasion of the colonialists. Fanon personified ‘’Decolonization as the meeting of two forces, opposed to each other by their nature, which in fact owe their originality to that sort of sub-stratification which results from and is nourished by the situation in the colonies. He stressed further to say that ‘’we must archive revolutionary socialism all together everywhere, or else one by one we would be defeated by our colonial masters’’. The aphorism from Fanon, was actually to awake the consciousness of Africans and other European colonies to reject the imperial structures in their respective communities. This according to him was a ‘’divide and rule system’’ by the colonialists, to penetrate deeply into their colonies’ administrative structures
DEMOCRACY, POVERTY AND THE SEARCH FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis paper sets out to examine why there is poverty in Nigeria despite the reality that the country is presently practicing and enjoying democracy which is globally adjudged to be the best system of government owing to it progressive and inclusive nature. It is a misnomer for poverty to exist in a democratic state as democracy translates to progress, development and advancement. The existence of poverty indicates that there is no development in the state. So the important question is what is responsible for the profound poverty in Nigeria even as a democratic one? This study will adopt the analytic a priori approach in the exploration of the phenomenon called poverty with a view of determining its cause(s), implications and challenges for the Nigerian state and how to get around this seemingly horrific issue threatening to cripple and tear the nation apart. The work will also focus on exploring the salient elements that characterize good and qualitative governance. Put differently, what is good governance and how can it be attained in a democratic state like Nigeria so much so that poverty can be completely eliminated
Security Challenges: Appraisal of Threats to Nigeria’s Sovereignty in the Fourth Republic (1999-2019)
Get PDFPeace and security asprimacy of sovereign states is crucial forharmonious human relations and economic development. In the recent past, insecurity has been the greatest challenge to Nigeria‟s corporate existence as a sovereign state.Ironically, these challenges are not externally propelled rather, they areinternally impelled byinter-ethnic conflict, religious insurrection, electoral violence, banditry, kidnapping, ritualism, pipeline vandalism, separatists‟ agitation, and farmers[1]herders crises among many others.These generate insecurity in the polity to the boiling point of fractured and failed state.The objective of the study, therefore, is to investigate the nexus between internally induced insecurity and failed stateposture experienced in the Nigeria‟s Fourth Republic. Theoretical framework adopted for the analysis is State Fragility-cum-Elite Theory. The study adopted qualitative research methods in which secondary data are employed for analysis. The study identifies poor intelligence information gathering and usage by security agents, militarization of civil society, poor harmonizationof resources for development, inadequate knowledge onmodern state system management, poormaintenance of balance between competing interests/values, liberalization of military industrial complex, poor judgement of emerging political issues and inability of state/government to live up toexpectations as causes of security challenges. The study recommends good governance and unadulterated fiscal federalism, free and fair elections; discourage culture of impunity, proactiveresponse to intelligence information gathering/usage; and non[1]politicization of unfolding socio-political issues. The study concludes that emergence of popularly elected action-centered or functional leadershipwith good economic development blueprintand national integration strategies can reduce identified insecurity issues