Wukari International Studies Journal
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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT SPENDING AND NIGERIA'S ECONOMIC GROWTH: VECTOR AUTO-REGRESSION APPROACH
Get PDFThis study examined the relationship between government spending and Nigeria's economic growth using time series data from 1982 to 2022. Both the pairwise causality test and the Vector Auto-regression (VAR) model were used. According to the study, government spending on health and education has little effect on economic growth. It also turned out that the effect of public debt on economic growth is negligible. Consequently, the study suggests that: Government should minimise the incidence of borrowing, particularly since 92% of revenue is currently being used to service debt for mostly non-productive borrowings; Government spending in health and education should be increased significantly to at least match regional and global expenditure benchmarks. The debt to GDP ratio is not comprehensive, hence borrowing analysis should also include revenue-generating potential
CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA: ROLE OF THE TEACHER
Get PDFThe ability to manage a classroom effectively is increasingly becoming a fundamental need in any quest for effective teaching and learning worldwide. In Nigeria, the urge is about the same as the issue of effective classroom management has become crucial and recurring in educational discourse. Teachers play vital roles in the lives of the students in their classrooms. Effective teaching and learning can hardly be noticed in a poorly managed classroom. A well-managed classroom requires a teacher who is characterized by high knowledge of content, context, pedagogy and personal discipline. This paper, therefore, examined classroom management in Nigerian Secondary Schools and the role the teacher has to play. Various discussions were given on these roles amongst which are: the teacher having good knowledge of his subject so as to manage the classroom effectively; the teacher making use of varied methods of teaching in order to make the classroom interesting; and the teacher always comporting himself in the classroom. It was suggested amongst others that teachers should encourage their students in the classroom by praising them verbally as this will motivate them to learn more. Also, that management of schools should improve the classroom management skills and approaches of teachers by setting up many seminars/workshops
THE IMPOVERISHED AND THEIR ENTITLEMENT TO ADEQUATE HOUSING: A SYNTHETIC ANALYSIS
Get PDFPoverty is a worldwide issue that affects people from all walks of life, regardless of their race, gender, religion, or continent. It is a significant challenge that hinders and destroys the beauty of human existence. Governments and countries worldwide are taking various actions to tackle this endemic malaise; however, the more significant the efforts to alleviate poverty's impact, the harder it becomes. The most exacerbated blows of poverty's consequences are deprivation to adequate housing. This paper aims to explore the relationship between poverty and the challenge the poor face to secure adequate shelter in Nigeria. Shelter is a crucial key among the basic necessities of life, and it is one of the fundamental rights recognized by many constitutions worldwide. Content analysis of relevant legal instruments and literature was employed as a research methodology. Using the Structural Inequality Theory which examines how social, economic, and political structures contribute to unequal distribution of resources, opportunities, and power among different groups in society the study found that although access to adequate shelter is a fundamental human right, the poor in Nigeria are far from enjoying this inalienable right. The paper therefore, recommended among others that the government in partnership with the private sector should evolve a pragmatic approach, including policies to promote affordable housing, combat discrimination, and ensure legal protections for the poor
THE ROLE OF US IN CHINA – TAIWAN CRISIS
Get PDFThe United States has long played a major role in the China-Taiwan crisis and likely will remain so for many years to come. The crisis or impasse across the Taiwan Strait serves as one of the most dangerous flashpoints in the world, the one issue that could lead to military conflict at a moment’s notice among the United States, Taiwan and China today. China is fond of calling this crisis a remnant of China’s civil war and a relic of the cold war. Indeed it is. However, the crisis has evolved substantially from this historical context over the years, making the Taiwan crisis in some ways even more relevant and immediate today than ever. Many in the United States may reasonably ask why the United States cares so much about this island off China’s coast and why Washington remains committed to it even when this commitment could lead to war not only with a nuclear weapons state but also with the world’s most important rising power. Likewise, it is reasonable to ask why China cares so deeply about the island that it is willing to jeopardize many other political and economic interests to concentrate on gaining control over the territory. To bring answers to the above questions raised, this work used the power theory while data gathered were analyzed through documentary evidence method. Data used were gotten from books, journals, theses, magazines, Newspapers and internet materials. The US has played many roles that are unfortunately sustaining the China-Taiwan crisis like serving as a covert Diplomatic back up, arms supplier, ambiguous strategic policy supporter, paying subtle government official visits, firm economic relations, strong science and technological ties, international organization membership support, and socio-cultural links-all on the side of Taiwan. Be that as it may this work recommended that the US should abandon her partial strategic ambiguity (that is they will not commit to go to war to defend Taiwan, nor will they take the war option off the table if Taiwan is attacked) and other subtle supports to Taiwan and play a clear and transparent mutual meditative role in China-Taiwan crisis so that the issue between China and Taiwan can be settled amicably. A truthful mediator must prove herself or himself impartial
An Analysis of the Impact of the Oil Boom on Agriculture and Agricultural Research in Northern Nigeria, 1970-1987
Get PDFSince the 1970's, food security has eluded Nigeria despite its indisputable agricultural potential and abundant human resources. The current imports of over $10 billion of food stuffs and other agricultural products to make up for the shortfalls only serve to demonstrate the scale of the crises. In the first decade of the country's independence, however, food was in abundance and was also the major source of foreign earnings. The paper traces the origin of the Nigerian agricultural Crises in both colonial and post[1]Colonial periods. To achieve this, it adopts the qualitative method of research which relies on the collection and analysis of primary and secondary data. It argues that the foundation of the crises was laid by Britain which deliberately prioritised export crops over food crops and linked the agricultural sector to their industries at the expense of local industries during the colonial period. It also contends that the failure of the Nigerian leadership to undo colonial agricultural trajectories as well as the costly mistake made during the oil Boom era which saw agriculture de-emphasised in the country's economic life worsened the situation. Consequently, budgetary allocation for agriculture and research reduced drastically, which slowed down agricultural development and the economy in general. The study concludes that for any meaningful economic development to be achieved in Nigeria, the economy has to be diversified and the traditional leading role of agriculture must be revived and linked to the budding industries. In this regard, the critical role agricultural research has to play was brought to the fore
Infiltration of Small Arms and Light Weapons into Benue Valley and Its Impact on the Conflict Between Pastoralists and Farmers
Get PDFOne of the challenges confronting nation states is the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. This problem is more pronounce in developing countries where there are porous borders and weak institutions responsible for border security like Nigeria. The proliferation and misuse of small arms and light weapons in the country is progressively complex and multifaceted phenomenon that affects people and insecurity. This paper examined the infiltration of small arms and light weapons into Benue Valley and its impact on the conflict between pastoralists and farmers. Descriptive research design was adopted while the data for the study was generated from interviews and questionnaire instruments. State fragility theory provided framework for the study. Findings from the study revealed that the availability of illegal small arms and light weapons in the Benue valley has greatly aggravated farmers and herders conflict. The destabilizing accumulation and uncontrolled spread of small arms and light weapons by Fulani herders and farmers has increased the intensity and duration of conflict, undermines the sustainability of peace agreements, impedes the success of peace building, frustrates efforts aimed at the prevention of the conflict and hinders considerably the provision of humanitarian assistance in the affected areas. The study therefore recommends that: there is also need for an improved border management mechanism using modern and sophisticated detection equipment to discourage arms trafficking through the borders
CAUSES OF PROLIFERATION OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPON ON NATION BUILDING ON THE PEOPLE OF UROMI (1970-1991)
Get PDFThe research work focus on the origin and brief history of Esanland in Edo State. This study examined proliferation of small arms and it impact on nation building in Esanland with special focus on Uraomi from 1970-1991. The research looks at the Esanland people, environment, causes and spread of small arms and lights weapon proliteration. This study investigated the proliferation of small arms and light weapons on nation building in Esanland in Edo State. Both primary and secondary sources were used for the collection of data. The research work argued that the proliferation and use of illegal arms increases the frequency of violence in Eanland in Edo State of Nigeria as is as result of the end of the Nigeria civil war in 1970. This encourage or bring into Esandland difference people of different background which results in the spread of small arms and light weapon and led destruction of lives and properties. It is important for the government to check the spread and movement of small arms and light weapon in Esanland in Edo State or else street gangs, lawlessness individuals would create condition for anarchy in Edo and Nigeria at large. Government’s monopoly of arms and the security forces would be overwhelmed and unorganized groups and armed militias will constitute threat to the development of citizens of not only Esanland in Edo State but Nigeria as a whole
INTERROGATING ISSUES AND PERSPECTIVES ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED NIGERIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES
Get PDFOne of the cardinal roles of the university system besides teaching and community service is research. Research plays a vital role towards institutional and national development. Development of research culture has remained an imagination in Nigeria due to mirids of challenges. The paper discoursed the challenges of research in Nigerian university system. The paper identified inadequate funding, lack of equipment, facilities and materials, lack of awareness, lack of implementation of research results, low rating in human capital indices, brain-drain, underemployment, etc, as challenges of research and human capital development in Nigeria. The paper concludes with some recommendations that will help meet these challenges
Exploring Ethno-Religious Identity and its Impact on the Struggles of Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria's Fourth Republic
Get PDFThis paper explores ethno-religious identity and its impact on the struggles for democratic consolidation in Nigeria’s fourth republic. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of ethno-religious identity and its profound influence on the arduous path of democratic consolidation in Nigeria's Fourth Republic. Nigeria, characterized by its rich diversity of ethnic and religious groups, has grappled with the complexities of harnessing this diversity for democratic growth. Theoretically, the paper adopted the conflict trap. The paper employed a secondary method of data collection and analysis based on the collection of data from books, journals, and web-based materials, among others. The results revealed that ethno-religious identities contribute to the nation's unique character by providing a source of cultural richness and diversity. They also give people a sense of belonging and identity. When these identities, however, become politicized and instrumentalized, they can pose serious threats to democratic consolidation. The study concludes that ethno-religious identity is an integral part of Nigeria's social fabric and that its politicization can pose significant challenges to democratic consolidation. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach that promotes inclusive governance, civic education, and responsible leadership. Ultimately, a united and democratic Nigeria can thrive by embracing its diversity while transcending the divisive aspects of ethno-religious identity politics
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMMIGRATION POLICIES AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SOCIAL COHESION AND POLITICAL STABILITY IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study examines the relationship between immigration policies and their influence on social cohesion and political stability in Nigeria. It analyzes the historical and contemporary patterns of immigration in Nigeria, as well as the legal and institutional frameworks that regulate them. It also explores the socio-economic and political impacts of immigration on the host communities and the immigrants themselves. The study argues that immigration policies in Nigeria have been largely reactive, restrictive and ineffective, failing to address the root causes and consequences of migration. The study further contends that immigration policies have contributed to social fragmentation, ethnic polarization, political violence and insecurity in Nigeria, undermining the prospects of national integration and development. The study recommends a comprehensive and holistic approach to migration management that balances the rights and interests of all stakeholders, promotes regional and international cooperation, and fosters social cohesion and political stability in Nigeria