Wukari International Studies Journal
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ADAPTING TO A CHANGING WORLD: STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING THE GLOBAL CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Get PDFThis research focuses on global climate change and adaptation strategies. Climate change globally has become one of the shocking certainties of the 21st era and it has made scientists to raise the need to drop worldwide temperatures further by 0.5 °C which makes a substantial difference in some areas of the world, particularly developing countries that are faced with the greater threat of climate change. Developing States have become exposed to the damaging effects of climate change because of their varied climatic regions and these have affected their food production activities due to the deforestation problem, desertification, soil degradation, erosion, flooding, general habitat loss, depletion of natural resources etc. This study therefore attempts to examine the extent to which continuous climate change has affected the globe and how institutional frameworks have addressed the current situation in ensuring effective control across the globe. The research employed purely on secondary means to gathered data. This research structures its opinions with the human security model as its theoretical framework. Major findings showed that environmental degradation, desertification caused by climate change had greatly stunted agricultural production and government rules universally; climate change has increased food uncertainty, poor statistical analysis and implementation by government. The paper recommends that government should provide alternative means like renewable energy, reduction of industrial carbons in tackling the menace of climate change globally, there should be reduction of emission of greenhouse gases by stopping deforestation, the use of high yield and disease tolerant crops, and also crops adaptable to high level of weather conditions, there should be easy accessible information on climate change effects to the public
PUBLIC INFRASRUCTURE PROJECT FAILURES IN NIGERIA: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENTIAL EFFECTS ON ECONOMY AND WELFARE OF CITIZENRY
Get PDFNigerian state particularly at national and sub-national levels, have experienced public infrastructure project failures during execution of their projects, though, there may be some differences among the level of failures, causes, and effects of such failures at federal, state and local government levels. The aim of this study is to examine and investigate the reasons behind the failure of public infrastructure projects in Nigeria. In practical terms, the implementation of public infrastructure projects in Nigeria has encountered several challenges, which usually results into failures of some projects. The investigation in to the failure of infrastructure project was conducted through qualitative methods. Data were obtained from secondary sources, such as books, journals, archival documents, newspapers, magazines, and websites that host related data on public infrastructure projects. The data were further examined using a content analysis technique. The study found that the failures of public infrastructure projects is a recurring decimal in Nigeria, due to variety of causes such as poor financial capability, inaccurate costing, corruption, incompetence, poor planning and estimation, poor contracting and contractor practices, poor communication, frequent scope changes and design errors, poor leadership, interference from socio-cultural and political factors. The adverse effects of these failures on the economy and citizen’s welfare is colossal as it involves loss of state revenue, citizen revenue losses, project cost overruns, low community empowerment, slow economic growth, underdevelopment of infrastructure sector, a loss of foreign aid and grants, stricter donor regulations, the loss of elections by the incumbent leadership at state and federal levels, and a lack of trust in government by financial institutions to further finance public infrastructure projects. Based on this, study recommends that government agencies in charge of overseeing and monitoring public infrastructure projects such as the National Council on Public Procurement, Bureau of Public Procurement, and Due Process Office should be re-organized and reformed to carry out their statutory responsibilities efficiently and effectively without adopting unethical methods. These findings and recommendations are the contributions of this work to scholarship as they are different from the previous related studies
DESERTIFICATION IN NORTHERN NIGERIA: A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF DESERTIFICATION ON YOBE STATE
Get PDFDesertification just like other environmental phenomena has received worldwide attention from scholars and governments of the affected states. This may be because of the dangerous effect that this looming danger has had on various states and communities all over the world. Desertification among other things causes a high level of degradation to the soil making it unsuitable for the pursuit of agriculture, which happens to be the main occupation of most rural and semi-urban communities. Just like other states in Northern Nigeria, Yobe is one of the states that is greatly affected by the continued desertification of some parts of Nigeria. The state has witnessed some harmful aspects of desertification such as increased poverty, hunger, displacement of communities, and soil erosion. To show the importance and urgency of this subject matter, some authors have made a fine attempt at addressing the negative effects of desertification in Northern Nigeria. However, this paper will focus on the effects of desertification in Yobe State and how this has affected agricultural productivity. To effectively research the subject matter, the qualitative method of research will be used while relying on primary and secondary sources to provide data. The paper concluded that desertification is caused by both human and non-human factors like the rapid deforestation of trees, drought, decrease in the amount of rainfall etc. The paper suggests that the government and people of Yobe State should embrace safer agricultural practices that can preserve the fertility of the soil, and also pursue an aggressive policy of water management and preservation in the state
THE FUTURE OF AFRICAN THEOLOGY IN THE GLOBAL CHRISTIAN CONFIGURATION: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
Get PDFAfrican theology is one of the emergent theologies that emanated from the stable of the Majority World nations, often generically referred to as Third World Theologies. They are emergent because they have a rather recent history compared to the older theological systems from the West. One characteristic feature of these theologies is that they are reactionary in nature. In the case of African theology, African theologians feel that Western missionaries denigrated and rubbished African traditional religions and culture, dubbing them to be primitive, satanic and archaic. In response, African theologians came up with a system of theology that uses African religion and cultural categories as its point of departure. The system is fraught with lots of biblical and theological pitfalls. African theology has proven to be syncretistic as it welds two dichotomous systems together. Therefore, the study is extending the existing premise of African theology by suggesting ways it can be more relevant to the Christian world. The study applied both the historical and phenomenological methodologies. It used the historical methodology to gather the historical evidence of the evolution of African theology and the phenomenological methodology to analyse it. The study found out that the anti-Western stance of African theology has alienated it from mainstream Christianity. The study has enriched the existing literature in the study area by positing that African theology should approach its theological system from a more biblio-centric premise so that it can remain true to historic Christianity. It can then argue its position from a pedestal of strength and avoid the accusation of being racially inclined
ARE MONETARY AUTHORITIES’ ACTIONS (MONEY SUPPLY) FACTORED INTO NIGERIA’S GOVERNMENT REVENUE STREAMS?
Get PDFConducting a study on the long-run relationship between money supply and government revenue is crucial for informing monetary-fiscal policy decisions in Nigeria as a developing country. This study analyses the dynamic interaction between money supply (using broad M2) and government revenue, using an autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds test approach from 1980 to 2020. Results from the analyses show the existence of a long-run correlation between supply and government revenue, when money supply was made the explanatory variable. Using government revenue as the independent variable, there was no evidence of long-run relationship in the analyses. By implication, change in government revenue in the previous years have significantly affected money supply as an economic indicator in the Nigerian economy. In addition, the estimated coefficient of revenue indicates a positive and significant impact on money supply within the period of this study. Specifically, a one percent (1%) increases in revenue caused an approximately 0.96% increase in money supply at the long-run. The result equally revealed that, the signs of the short-run dynamic impact of the variable are significant. The ECM is estimated as 0.17% and -o.28%, which implies that government revenue and money supply have significant short-run effect on the Nigerian economy, as against some of the findings of the literature reviewed. The study recommends that, since the oil sector seems to be generating more revenue to stimulate productivity and encourage other sectors, policy makers should introduce measures to effectively monitor and regulate oil production to ensure transparency and accountability
EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES ON INFLATION IN NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study empirically examining the impact of exchange rate regimes on inflation in Nigeria. Using quarterly secondary data, it was structured from 1981 to 1986 for fixed exchange rate and also 1987 to 2023 for managed flexible exchange rate. The variables used were Consumer price index (cpi) that captured inflation as dependent variable while Nominal exchange rate (nexrt), fixed and managed flexible exchange rate, and real gross domestic product (rgdp) as an independent variable. The variables were tested for the unit root test, both the ADF and PP unit root tests established that all the variables were stationary at both level (I(0)) for CPI and first differencing (I(1)) for nexrt and rgdp. The ARDL Bounds indicated test that there exists a long run relationship among the variables, they were co-integrated. The result of the open economy fixed exchange rate model shows that the co-efficient of output gap is -0.1146 and it was found to be statistically significant, it means that there is a trade-off between inflation and Unemployment during the fixed exchange rate regime while the result also showed that the managed flexible exchange rate regime is characterized by an output gap of 1.2920, which was found to be statistical insignificant, it means that there is absence of trade-off between inflation and unemployment during manage flexible exchange rate regime because a stronger positive relationship between inflation and unemployment may indicate stagflation pressure, where both inflation and unemployment rise simultaneously. In conclusion, managed flexible exchange rate regime is more impacted positively than fixed exchange rate regime. The study recommends that the Monetary authority should put more effort to control Nominal Exchange rate so that it would not cause inflation in Nigeria by supplying adequate US$ into Nigeria foreign exchange market when necessary
ANALYSIS OF EKE – UNE: AN ECOCRITICISM APPROACH
Get PDFThe study was carried out to analyse the text Eke-Une looking at the ecocriticism approach. Eke-Une is an Igbo epic poem written by Emmanuel Obike but without specific date of publication. Poetry is known to be a genre of literature that exposes the aesthetic use of language and portrays captivating themes. The text was analysed, identifying the reasons behind the war and dispute that marred the peaceful co-existence between the people of Isiekwe community and the boa constrictor (Eke une). However, the paper created awareness and broadened the knowledge of the people on the importance of living peacefully in any environment one finds oneself. The literary theory adopted by the researcher as a base for the study is ecocritism theories of Cheryll Glotefelly and Lawrence Bull in 1980 which sees to the relationship and interaction of nature in any given environment especially how they are represented in literary works. The methodology was literary analysis
PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH OF RAISING GODLY CHILDREN TO FACE PRESENT CHALLENGES IN THE 21ST CENTURY: THE CHRISTIAN PERSPECTIVE
Get PDFThe philosophical approach of raising godly children to face present challenges can be seen through the eyes of moral development, character education, and the cultivation of a strong spiritual foundation such that when they grow there will not easily depart or stray away from it.. It involves providing them with the necessary tools and guidance to navigate the complexities of the world while staying true to their moral beliefs and values even among their maters anywhere in the world. One key aspect of this approach is fostering the sense of moral reasoning and critical thinking in them. Encouraging open discussions on ethical and moral values which will help children develop their own moral concepts that informs decision making based on their understanding of right and wrong. This will include teaching them to consider the consequences of their future dreams in life, their actions, empathize with others, and make ethical choices even in difficult circumstances. In which case character education plays a vital role in raising the godly children. Thus instilling virtues such as honesty, integrity, compassion, humility, and resilience. Parents can also do this by modeling these same virtues themselves and reinforcing them through consistent reinforcement through positive discipline and praises for virtuous behaviors. In cultivating strong characters which children are better equipped to navigate the challenges they may face and demonstrate godly traits in their interactions with others. A philosophical approach to raising godly children thus emphasize the importance of spiritual development. This involves fostering a deep connection with a higher power or divine principles. In this case parents can provide religious education, engage in spiritual practices, and create an enabling environment that encourages children to explore and develop their own beliefs. Moreover, it's essential to recognize that present challenges are ever-evolving. Therefore, a philosophical approach requires adaptability and openness to ongoing discussions and exploration. It encourages children to question, seek knowledge, and engage with diverse perspectives that fosters intellectual growth and equips them with the necessary tools to face the complex challenges of the modern world. In summary, the philosophical approach to raising godly children to face present challenges in this present age is mostly based on parent’s efforts to help their children navigate the uncertainties of the world while staying true to their godly values and principles
PARENTING STYLE AS PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF STUDENTS OF NIGERIAN DEFENCE ACADEMY STAFF SCHOOL KADUNA
Get PDFThis study investigates the predictive relationship between parenting styles and the psychological well-being of students attending the Nigerian Defence Academy Staff School in Kaduna. Drawing on a sample of 200 participants, data were collected using a cross-sectional survey design, with measures including the Parenting Care Scale (PCS) and the Brief Psychological Wellbeing Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed to examine the influence of parenting styles on psychological well-being. Findings reveal that permissive parenting style (β=-0.278, t=-3.913, P<0.001) positively correlates with psychological well-being, while authoritative parenting style (r (198) =-0.235; p<0.05) exhibits a negative correlation. Conversely, authoritarian parenting style (r (198) =-0.005; p>0.05) does not significantly predict psychological well-being. The study underscores the importance of age and parenting style in shaping students' psychological well-being, advocating for interventions that promote nurturing and supportive parenting practices, parent education workshops, and mental health support services within educational institutions. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between family dynamics and student outcomes, the study in line with other psychological researches has further strengthened the fact that parenting style predicts psychological wellbeing. The study offers implications for policy, practice, and future research in educational and mental health domains within military-affiliated schools
WORKPLACE GENDER INEQUALITY: ASSESSING INTERSECTIONAL BARRIERS EXPERIENCED BY WOMEN OF COLOUR IN REACHING UPPER MANAGEMENT POSITIONS IN THE WORKPLACE
Get PDFWorkplace gender inequality affects women of colour both due to their gender and their race. This poses significant challenges within organizations and hinders their progress towards achieving gender equity and diversity. This study aims at assessing intersectional barriers experienced by women of colour in attaining upper management positions in the workplace. Both Intersectionality and Black Feminist theories were adopted for the study. The findings show that women of colour - Hispanic or Latino, Asian, Black or African women, face unique challenges due to the double jeopardy of experiencing gender and racial discrimination simultaneously, which can hinder their progression to upper management positions and they are significantly underrepresented in senior leadership positions. They are also far less likely than others to be promoted to managers. They also experience glass ceiling, intersectional bias and stereotyping, as well as gender and racial biases; wider pay gap and lack of role models and mentors in the workplace. The study recommends the implementation and enforcement of robust diversity and inclusion policies, development and implementation of programs that provide equal opportunities for career advancement and leadership development for women of colour, ensuring transparent hiring and promotion processes to prevent bias and favouritism