Wukari International Studies Journal
Not a member yet
690 research outputs found
Sort by
ARMED BANDITRY AND THE ECONOMY AND SOCIETY OF CENTRAL NIGERIA, 2009-2023
Get PDFViolent conflict has gradually become one of the defining characteristics of the Nigerian nation, particularly in the recent history of central Nigeria. Banditry in particular and other acts of violence has become a recurring decimal in the central region of the country. This development has occupied contemporary debates among scholars, national security officials, public commentators and observers within and outside the country. It has also formed the subject matter and major focus of this paper. The paper’s findings reveal that the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast of Nigeria has had far-reaching demonstration effects and repercussions on other geo-political zones of the country. This has been especially so in the central region of the country as armed banditry, kidnappings, assassinations, and other acts of violence have held sway. The problem of violence in this part of Nigeria has become more worrisome as the national security operatives and chief security officers of the states of the region have uniformly failed to protect and secure the lives and property of families and communities as well as the economy and society. The paper presents the argument that the displacement of population among both the defeated elements of Boko Haram, armed herders, bandits, criminals, armed robbers and free-booters has contributed to this ugly trend of events. Considered through the historical research method, multi-disciplinary approach, and scholarly assumptions of conflict studies and social crisis, the paper also used secondary sources to realise the objectives of its focus
INTERNAL SECURITY CRISES AND HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IN NIGERIA IN THE FOURTH REPUBLIC
Get PDFThis study investigated internal security crises and human rights abuse in Nigeria in the fourth republic. Internal security crises are those crises generated internally that threaten the peaceful, co-existence and institutional stability of a state. Internal security crises are caused by struggles between classes, struggle for economic and political control of the states, ethno religious diversity and other factors that seek to change the political and economic status quo or to enthrone new crop of elites. In Nigeria, the management of these internal security crises have led to several crises within the state especially crises bordering on human rights abuse. The manner at which the Nigeria security forces respond to internal security crises through the use of excessive force, arbitrary arrest, extra judicial execution and other unprofessional practices have undermined human rights in Nigeria. In the theoretical framework, the theory of securitization by Ole Waever was adopted. The study concludes that the manner at which internal security is managed in Nigeria is a threat to human rights as it accounts for most human rights violation in Nigeria. The study hereby recommends for the strict adherence of the rule of engagement while managing internal crises and the use of police to maintain internal peace
THE ROLE OF INFORMANTS IN THE ACCENTUATION OF ARMED BANDITRY IN NORTH-WESTERN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF ZAMFARA STATE
Get PDFThe north-western region of Nigeria has been hit by an unprecedented wave of insecurity such as kidnapping for ransom, cattle rustling and armed banditry which has led to maiming, killings, displacements of people and disruption of socio-economic activities due to the havoc wreaked by armed bandits in the region. These events have created a climate of uncertainty that has become a cause for concern for the government and the citizenry.Government at the local, state and federal levels have been making efforts to tackle the menace of armed banditry in the north-western region since it assumed a national dimension. However, some criminally-minded individuals in the region are crippling the efforts by providing information and other logistics to the armed bandits. This development is a threat to national security and the effort to combat armed banditry in the north-western region and Zamfara State in particular. Eventhough a lot has been written on armed banditry in north-western Nigeria,most of the literature do not analyse and explore the role of the bandits informants in the accentuation of armed banditry in north-western Nigeria, with specific reference to Zamfara State. This formed a serious academic gap in the studies of armed banditry in north-western Nigeria and Nigeria at large.This paper therefore, assess the role of informants in the accentuation of armed banditry in north-western Nigeria with specific reference to Zamfara State.The study revealshow the activities of informants is posing a serious challenge in the ongoing fight against armed banditry in the north-western region and Zamfara State in particular, and called for the support of all stakeholders to win the war. The activities of the informants are largely responsible for the lingering security challenges in Zamfara State. Thus, the paperrecommends that severe punsihments should be meted out to informants and the punishment should be publicized by media to serve as deterrent to others. There should be concerted effort by all stakeholders to enlighten the citizens on the consequences ofproviding information to criminals to earned living and its consequences in the society
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING RATIOS AS A TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF MANAGEMENT OF MILLS COMPANY
Get PDFThis study investigated the financial accounting ratios as a tool for the evaluation of management of Mills Company. To achieve this, a sample of audited financial statement from the selected company was used for the computation of relevant ratios, where analysis and the interpretation of the result becomes possible. An extensive empirical and conceptual literature review were carried out based on the variables of the study. Research question was posed for a guide to the computation of the relevant ratios. The population of the study comprised all registered Mills companies within the areas of the study. The sampling techniques used was a two-stage sampling technique which are purposeful and a simple random sampling technique. Primary data collected were from the audited financial statement of the selected mills company which the data were used for the computation of the major ratios. The analysis and interpretation of financial performance of the mills company were carried out. The study revealed that the financial performance and the returns from investment was encouraging, the efficiency with which inventory, receivables and trade payable were managed was good, the selected company was having a poor liquidity control measures and its debt capacity was high but not excessively high beyond control. The study suggests that financial accounting ratios stands as a powerful tool in forecasting the poor and the good performance of a company. Based on the findings, it was recommended amongst others that business managers of mills company should appreciate the important of frequently subjecting their financial statement to ratio analysis to determine the financial health of the company, users of financial statement are highly advised to use financial ratios to analysis their financial statement of a company for a better financial decision
NATIONAL SECURITY AND BORDER MANAGEMENT IN WEST AFRICA: A STUDY OF NIGERIA-NIGER RELATIONS
Get PDFNational Security and Border Management in West Africa is an important discourse in security studies in a time when high insecurity and other crimes such as terrorism, kidnapping, arms and weapons smuggling are pervasive. This paper seeks to outline the benefit of a good national security and adequate management strategy to the internal security of states. National security challenges in West African countries partly stem from ineffective border management strategies. Borders between states are porous, unsafe and this allows the illegal movement of people mostly allowing increased insecurity such as terrorism, smuggling, kidnapping, human trafficking and proliferation of arms and small weapons. This paper would rely majorly on secondary sources analyzing already existing documents and works on the subject matter. National security cannot be guaranteed without a proper border management strategy put in place by both Nigeria and Niger as most issues arise from poor border management. This paper intends to contribute to knowledge by arguing that Nigeria-Niger relations particularly border management is critical to the protection of the territorial integrity of the states from the activities of violent non-state actor. The efforts of the states can be impeded based on the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Goods and Persons which will not allow restriction of people in and out of ECOWAS region. This paper also interrogates the recent withdrawal of Niger from ECOWAS and MNJTF and its implications to Nigeria-Niger security arrangement particularly with the presence of various security threats common to both states. Nigeria requires Niger continuous security/military cooperation to ensure its national security is not breached around the border region
FACTORS MILITATING AGAINST THE STUDENT’S PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS, LEISURE AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
Get PDFThe study investigated the factors militating against the students of University of Benin participation in sports, leisure and recreational activities. The study contributed to literature in the area of admonishing the government on the need to finance sports, recreation and leisure. The study differs from previous related studies in terms of the location/clime in which the study was carried out which could affect the study generally. The research design adopted for the research was the descriptive survey research design. The population for this study was 41,520 students of University of Benin. The random sampling technique was used in selecting 400 students for the research. A correlation co-efficient of 0.76 was obtained using Pearson’s correlation statistics. The data collected was analysed using simple percentages, tables and frequency counts. The finding from the study revealed that the time allotted for sports, recreation and leisure was not enough. It was also discovered that there were not enough facilities and equipment to carry-out the activities. It also revealed that there was no general time for students to participate in these activities. It was therefore, recommended that both the University authorities and Government at all levels should provide adequate and functional facilities and equipment for the activities to take its proper place. Also that a general day and time should be approved by the university management for these activities to take place. It was also recommended that the time should be enough for these activities
HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AND CRIMINAL ACCOUNTABILITY IN ARMED CONFLICT AND THE PLACE OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
Get PDFThis study investigates the effectiveness of international humanitarian law (IHL) in ensuring accountability for human rights violations within contemporary armed conflicts. While previous research has addressed the application of IHL in specific conflict contexts, this study adopts a broader, comparative approach to evaluate the adequacy of existing legal frameworks in both international and non-international armed conflicts. The research examines how evolving conflict dynamics, including asymmetric warfare, terrorism, and insurgencies, present unique challenges to the enforcement of IHL. Employing a qualitative methodology, it analyzes legal documents, case law, and historical precedents while integrating perspectives on state and non-state actors' accountability. Unlike previous studies that often focus on a single conflict or geographic region, this research assesses global case studies to identify recurring enforcement gaps in IHL, particularly regarding the roles of international bodies like the United Nations and the International Criminal Court (ICC). Findings reveal that while IHL principles, such as distinction and proportionality, provide a solid framework for civilian protection, enforcement mechanisms remain inconsistent, especially in conflicts involving non-state actors. This study contributes to the literature by offering a comprehensive, cross-regional analysis of IHL's applicability in modern warfare and proposing targeted reforms to enhance accountability for human rights violations across diverse conflict scenarios. These insights aim to inform policy developments and strengthen international legal mechanisms for improved protection of civilians and justice for war victims
EFFECT OF STUDENTS DISPOSITION ON THE CHOICE OF ACCOUNTING AS A SUBJECTS IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN CALABAR SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA
Get PDFThis study adopted ex-post facto design to examine the effect of students’ disposition on the choice of accounting as a subject in private secondary schools in Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria. It was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A sample of sixty (60) SS2 Accounting students were selected from private secondary schools using the proportionate and simple random sampling techniques. One instrument titled “Students disposition and choice of accounting subjects Questionnaire (SDCASQ) was used for data collection. The reliability of the questionnaire established using Cronbach Alpha ranged from .85 to .90. The hypotheses were tested using Simple Linear Regression Analysis at .05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that students personal interest, students’ perceived competence significantly influence the choice of accounting subjects in Calabar South of Cross River State, Nigeria . It was concluded that the choice of accounting subject depend on students personal interest and students’ perceived competence . Based on the conclusion of the study, it was recommended that school administrators should develop educational workshops and mentorship programs that build students' competencies, interest in accounting that can help demystify the subject and enhance their confidence in their abilities
THE ROLE OF DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIAN NATIONAL INTEGRATION
Get PDFThis study attentively focuses on the domains of the roles of Development Communication in National Integration and Development in Nigeria. No nation of the world can attain national cohesion and holistic national development without a crave for Development Communication strategies. This study examines the challenges of Development Communication and stresses out the pertinence of Development Journalism in Nigeria as a democratic nation. It equally examines the development communication approaches to enhance national integration and development in the country. It looks at the social media in enhancing effective communication process for national integration and development which provides the way forward in Nigeria. The study adopts Development Media Theory as the philosophical background for the study. It uses qualitative research approach and focuses on secondary materials for data generation and analysis. The study concludes that the government does not recognize Development Communication role to actively deploy strategies for national integration and development in the country. It amongst others recommends that development communication experts be duly recognised and be made relevant in policies and programmes of the government regarding national integration and development of Nigeria
THE ROLE OF PEER INFLUENCE IN SPORT SELECTION DECISIONS AMONG STUDENT-ATHLETES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
Get PDFPeer groups are central to student life as they play a significant role in the overall development of students, as they can be influenced towards activities that they might not have chosen. This pressure can be explicit, like direct encouragement or implicit with a feeling of the need to conform to group activities. While this can lead to positive outcomes, like joining a team sport for physical activity and social interaction, it can also result in choosing sports for popularity or acceptance rather than genuine interest. While previous research has shed light on various factors impacting sports choices, the specific role of peer groups in the context remains understudied. It is against this background that this study was carried out to investigate the role of peer influence in sport selection decisions among student-athletes of the University of Benin. Four research questions were raised and four corresponding hypothesis were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted a correlational survey design. The population of the study consisted of 140 student-athletes in the University of Benin. The sample size of the study comprised of 70 student-athletes. Instrument used for data collection was a questionnaire. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, while the t-test inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed the following: There was a significant difference in how much peers' opinions influence sports selection between them. When it comes to social network influence, there was no statistical significance, suggesting that social network influence on sports choice does not differ significantly between the groups. This suggests that some student-athletes perceive a greater difference in sports preferences as a result of peer group diversity. The study concludes that peer influence is a critical determinant in the sport selection process, with implications for fostering inclusive and diverse participation in university sports. It was recommended that sports administrators and university educators should foster awareness among students about the impact of peer influence on their sports participation decisions