Perspective Politice
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Abordari economice asupra comportamentului religios
Full text linkReligion and religious conduct have been studied from different perspectives, of which, the economic approach will be subject to this article. The paper will present some applications of the economic model in the study of religious belief and institutions: religion as informational shortcut, religious household production, religious human capital, Churches as clubs, Churches as firms, religious markets. Against this background, there will be presented some limits of the economic modeling of religion: the weakness of the maximizing assumption in explaining religious phenomena or behavior and religious behavior as choice under uncertainty. The article suggests, as a response to the problem of religious uncertainty, to focus on the institution of sanctity
Institutionalismul sociologic
Full text linkThere has been a substantial revival of interest in institutional analysis. The sociological neoinstitutional theory supposed that formal organizational structure resource was shaped by institutional forces, rational myths, knowledge and by the legislative system. The sociological approaches provide an alternative to the rationalist and individualistic ideas and by essential economic explanation that dominate contemporary theory. There is a strong tradition of institutional analysis going back to Weber, Durkheim and Parsons. More recently arguments for the orientation were formulated by John Meyer, Brian Rowan, Lynne Zucker and by Richard Scott. Organizational practices and structures are seen as reflections of or responses to rules, beliefs and conventions built into social and political environment. Their arguments emphasized inherent limits of the basic functionalist/economic explanatory framework and the salience of cultural scripts, symbolic systems, and mental models in shaping institutions. Accounts identified institutional effects as concerned principally with social stability. It underlines the importance of conformity and legitimacy imperatives. Institutionalization was defined as the processes of habitualization, objectification and sedimentation by which a stable pattern achieve cognitive and normative fixity and become taken for granted. DiMaggio and Powell in 1983 highlighted mimetic, normative and coercive processes of reproduction
Responsabilitatea sociala a corporatiilor americane si a intreprinderilor socialiste
Full text linkThe article starts from the (supposed) resemblances between the (so-called) non-economic activities performed by the big western corporations and the ones carried on by the socialist enterprises. The main task undertaken hereby is exploring the motivation behind such activities. The purpose would be that ofdetermining the degree of decisional independence of those in command of the socialist enterprises in what concerns carrying on CSR-like activities. In order to achieve its purpose, the article is structured to go through defining corporate social responsibility, providing examples of CSR-related activities and analyzing motivations in both systems
The Mistrust of Citizens in Democratic Political Institutions: a Key Factor in the Rise of Populism in Central and Eastern Europe?
Full text linkIn this article, I set out to look at one of the reasons why contemporary populism has gained momentum in the region of Central and Eastern Europe, and I have summed up to three States: The Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland. For each of the three countries concerned, we have looked at a relevant populist party that has been active in the post ’89 political arena, whether it was in government or always remained in opposition. We have taken the assumption that the acute lack of confidence that citizens have in political institutions fosters the emergence and success of populist parties and populist leaders. Having presented the particularities of populism in the Central East European area, I explained why social and political trust is crucial for maintaining legitimacy and for the proper functioning of a democracy. Following the analysis, we have found that in all three countries, confidence in the main political institutions is at an extremely low level, at least from the 1990s to the present day, and one reason why populism has been made easier to enter the political scene, it was the citizens who were and are disappointed by how their political institutions function
Ethics in Academia. The Impact of Ethics on the Quality of Higher Education Services
Full text linkThe paper examines one of the categories of problems facing the academic world – violations of ethical facts. We have thus discussed a few elements that together lead to better academic activities, and thus to a higher degree of quality in universities: The professional relationship between students and teachers, the resolution of harassment cases, or the avoidance of favoritism. I have therefore looked at the consequences of deviations from ethical principles in universities, and so I have come to the conclusion that such cases lead to the creation of a hostile academic environment where students cannot perform, they cannot express themselves freely and thus affect the overall quality of academic services
Dependenta economica si discriminare
No full textThe article presents the results of a sociological research conducted amongst the predominantly female employees of a textile business in Romanian rural area. The main focus of this research is to answer the question regarding gender relations and gender-oriented economic dependency in the worker’s families – does the augmentation of woman’s economic situation lead to a different statute at home? Does the perception of roles change? The author employs two different research techniques – quantitative and qualitative, in order to obtain a better level of understanding of the gender relations in this specific context. The results show that in spite of their economic emancipation, women do not augment their status at home, still being subjected to patriarchal mentalities
The European Cybersecurity Competence Centre – One More Step towards Supranationalism
Full text linkThe evolution of the European Union has been influenced by many social, economic, technological, political or even climate factors since its creation in 1957. The supranational character of the Union has been questioned over the years by many authors focused on the study of European integration due to the changes that occurred within the EU. Over the last century, the rapid pace of technology development, especially digitalization, directly influenced EU and the integration theories related to it. The COVID-19 pandemic showed everyone that digitalization does not represent an option anymore, it is a necessity. In regard to this matter, the European Union adopted over the last years several policies, strategies and normative acts that aim to ensure a higher level of digitalization at EU and Member States level. A key factor in the digital transformation is represented by cybersecurity, therefore, EU took important steps into protecting itself and the Member States from cyber threats: it established specialized institutions, developed two strategies and adopted compulsory normative acts for the Member States. This paper focuses on the new established European Cybersecurity Industrial, Technology and Research Competence Centre, emphasizing its supranational features with the purpose of proving that development of such institutions sustain the supranational theory of European integration, as well as EU’s supranational character
Brexit: The Covid Pandemic Masking the Effects of Leaving the EU
Full text linkOn 31 January 2020, the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union ended 47 years after its accession. The agreement provided for a transitional period until 31 December 2020 to renegotiate the long-term relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union (EU). Almost eleven months after the UK’s actual departure from the EU, the extent of the economic consequences of Brexit is still difficult to measure. According to European forecasts, it should cost the United Kingdom 2.2 points of GDP by the end of 2022. Trade with the continent has already declined. Exports to the EU fell by 12% between July 2018 and July 2021. The trend is similar for imports, a decrease of 13%. In both cases, the all-time low was reached last January, during the first month of Brexit, when the disorganization of customs controls culminated. The impact of Brexit is expected to increase next year. The UK ‘s GDP decline in 2020 was 9.9%, the largest decline since 1920. The fact that UK trade with non-EU countries fell by only 0.8% over the same period suggests that most of the decline was due to the impact of Brexit and not to the COVID-19 pandemic
The Consolidation of the System of the European Convention for Human Rights at National Level – Argument*
Full text linkThe rule of law is the central piece of the puzzle of a state’s democracy. From the point of view of institutions, the three powers of the State are called, together, to create and strengthen the mechanisms for the functioning of democracy. In this equation, the respect for human rights is the motive of the approach, and parliaments, through their mission and strategic position in relation to governments, can be guarantors of this approach. Based on the principles underlying the European edifice and on the relevant documents of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on the restoration of violated rights and by supervising and monitoring the enforcement of judgments delivered by the European Court of Human Rights, we argue that national parliaments, through internal control structures, can be the foundation of state democracy