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Geopolitics and War within a 280 Characters Limit: A Positive and Normative Analysis of Elon Musk’s “peace plan” for Ukraine
Full text linkThe subject of the current conference paper concerns Elon Musk’s “peace plan” for ending the war Russia started on February 24th 2022 against the independent and sovereign Ukrainian state, that he tweeted in October 2022, so seven months into the military confrontations between the two sides. Starting with the intuitive assumptions that combat is costly for each side, and that “every war must end” (Ikle, 1971) – so there will be a form of war termination also for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine – the research question that I will address is whether Musk’s simplistic forty-two words proposal could represent an actual peace settlement or at least a genuine basis for peace negotiations between Kyiv and Moscow.
In order to address the issue, I start by presenting Musk’s “peace plan”, then I argue that the specific proposals: (i) do not lay the foundations for a durable and stable peace in Europe, on the contrary, they are a form of appeasement towards Russia, an aggressor state; (ii) represent mostly Putin’s claims for starting the war in the first place – they are not neutral, but come very close to Moscow’s position and demands, while also the language is overtly favourable towards Russia; (iii) would be impossible to implement without recognizing/ legitimizing Russia’s policy in the temporary occupied territories of Ukraine.
The analysis contributes to a better understanding of the reasons for war continuation for the time being, despite limitations stemming from the fast pace of the battlefield events unfolding (that change the negotiations power between the sides) and also from the lack of information on if and how negotiations are held during wartime and what are the real reasons why the settlement process is delayed
Measuring Likely Voters. A Model for Predicting Electoral Participation in Romanian Presidential Elections
Full text linkPredicting voter turnout by estimating the proportion of likely voters as accurately as possible is a challenging task and it is debated both in literature and among experts actively involved in the field of sociological research and polling organizations. While there are several variables that influence turnout, and also several methods and models that have been put into practice over time, in reality there is no magic formula for correctly measuring, before an election, the percentage of individuals that are most likely to vote. Each national context comes with particular variables, as well as historical factors and demographic dynamics that need to be taken into account. We propose a model built on pre-election survey data and on past official election statistics, which has been tested and proven viable in the context of the 2019 Romanian presidential election
The Sino-American Competition on the 5G Technological Field
Full text linkThe impact of technological findings has invariably been one of the factors which have been investigated by different authors focused on the study of international relations. The greatest technological breakthroughs definitely changed the life of billions of people and, along with them, the functionality of one of the most relevant actors in the field, the states. Technology changed the tactics used by an emperor to carry a war, allowed the explorers to conquer unsullied lands and promised to send the manto the outer space.The 21st century stands as no exception to this rule, as technology proves itself to be more powerful than even and vital for the ordinarily activities. One of the greatest technological landmarks which have been yet achieved in the first decades of the 21st century is the 5G technology, tied to its promises of totallychanging the global connectivity. As expected for such a milestone, it was forcefully bonded to the competition between the financial commercial giants and the interest of the greatest global economic powers: United States and China
The Social Representation of Covid-19: How Collective Opinion Influences Individual Behaviour
Full text linkThe aim of this paper is to argue that people’s decision to not get vaccinated against COVID- 19 – more commonly known as Coronavirus – in Romania is strongly enforced by distrust in what we would call scientific knowledge and an abnormal propensity towards mythical knowledge, regarded by many as nonscientific knowledge. In the following pages, I will present some of the psycho-social arguments regarding the motives of one’s choice of beliefs, the social representations that follow these motives and why the social representations that disregard scientific knowledge tend to have serious consequences on the society
Reflective Doctrine Analysis and Impact on the Internal and Foreign Policy of the Republic of Moldova
Full text linkIn this article, I aim to highlight the importance of the analysis on the impact of reflexive gameson the internal and foreign policy of the Republic of Moldova. Such analyzes are applied for the first time in our country regarding reflexive games. Until now, Moldova has been the subject and object of external reflexive applications. Advances in information technology are less visible and palpable for the reading public, which is not only a consumer of information, but also a subject and object of reflective informal technologies. Mathematics specialists model and create effective quantitative conflict management models. Experts in game theory and decision-making promote their own approaches in an increasingly wide range of fields (political, military, economic, etc.). But at the same time, the same specialists say that the individual is described too simplistically, the large sets and masses, with their properties, do not fit into mathematical models. One of the radical challenges for game theory and decision-making theory remains the need to develop the apparatus of reflection (first conceptually, then formally). Reflexive analysis refers to one’s own awareness of the meaning of reflexive communication and interpersonal interaction. At the same time, the reflection as an object of research, since the introduction of this category by J. Locke, is considered entirely belonging to the fields: philosophy and psychology
Relatia dintre ideologie si teorie la Karl Marx si Friedrich Engels
No full textThe author tackles the controversial problem of the relation between theory and ideology in Karl Marx’s and Friedrich Engels’ political writings. The article is structured into two main parts: the first one is focused on Marx’s vision of a revolutionary intellectual as a base for the development of both theory and ideology. The second one deals with Marx’s posterity, as it was established by the contribution of Friedrich Engels
The Rebalance to Asia Policy of the Obama Administration (2011–2017): Diversifying the United States Security Design in Asia-Pacific
Full text linkThe gradual and steady growth of China’s economic and military power over the past decades has reoriented the foreign policy priority of the United States from the Middle East to the East Asian region. In 2011, U.S. embarked in a strategic repositioning effort focused on Asia-Pacific initially named the “Pivot to Asia” and subsequently assumed by the administration of President Barack Obama as the “Rebalance to Asia”. A qualitative analysis of the official documents and of the discourses considered relevant for the strategy reveals that the pivoting policy provided six key lines of action oriented on three axes: diplomatic, economic and military, indicating an American foreign policy oriented towards preserving its dominant position in the Northeast Asian and Southeast Asian regions and maintaining the status-quo while facing China’s evident rise of influence in Asia. Within the Rebalance policy, engaging regional multilateral institutions had the main purpose to create a stable system of norms corresponding to the international rules supported by organizations capable to enforce them. Also, strengthening relations between the United States’ regional allies in order to better integrate alliances had an essential role and ensured diversification of the U.S.’s strategic approach beyond the enduring Hub & Spokes paradigm, notably with states of the Asia-Pacific region interested in reducing China’s influence in the area, who regarded the American strategy as a way to diminish their own exposure to China’s rising power. This study aims to contribute to the theoretical debate over the rebalancing policy, emphasizing on the reconfiguration of the regional security design, with the scope of improving the security mechanism in Asia-Pacific region envisioned by the Pivot. The conclusions concern the extent to which the modernization of the regional security architecture has been accomplished in order to correspond to the strategic objective of consolidating the United States influence in the Asia-Pacific region
Political Myths in The Context of Political Symbolism: A Case Study on the Social Media Discourses of Three Romanian Politicians*
Full text linkFocused on the topic of political symbolism and political mythology, the purpose of this article is twofold. On the one hand, the aim consists of exploring certain essential elements of political symbolism, mainly through the appeal to the viewpoint of fundamental authors in the field such as Raoul Girardet, Gilbert Durand, and other relevant authors in the context of this study. On the other hand, the purpose refers to the scope of the application of the theoretical approach to a case study regarding the analysis of the social media discourse of three Romanian politicians on Facebook, starting from Girardet’s four political myths while incorporating them into a version of content analysis suited for this type of social media symbolic content.The method of content analysis includes a wide variety of potential manners of methodological design and implementation, both from a quantitative and from a qualitative angle. The field of political symbolism in general and the analysis by means of political myths such as the ones of Raoul Girardet in particular also bear the potential for numerous versions of application when it comes to the exercise of discourse analysis, especially in the realm of the specificity of social media usages and content. Hence, what seemed to stand as a more advantageous preference in terms of the construction of the theoretical background whereon this case study was based ultimately amounted to the herein presumed endeavour of rendering several of the distinctive and potentially overlooked elements of these political myths more accessible for an adequate understanding of their manifold versions of appearance in fairly mundane circuits of political discourse such as those on social media
Paradoxul libertarian in cadrul informational nozickian
Full text linkThis article is written in Social Choice Theory tradition. It’s subject is the Impossibility of a Paretian Libertarian Theorem (Sen 1970 a,b), and Nozick’s (1974) answer to this result. First, I present Sen’s theorem then, I briefly present the nozickian rights theory, and Nozick’s answer to the above mentioned result. I extend the knowledge in Social Choice Theory by introducing: 1) several arguments which shows that the nozickian side-constraints theory cannot be represented in Sen’s informational framework, 2) an argument which proves that Nozick’s solution for Sen’s impossibility result is not consistent with his natural rights theory, 3) a nozickian solution in an extended informational framework, which is consistent with his rights as collateral constraints theory, 4) two extensions of this solution in the extended informational framework
The Romanian Social Democratic Party (PSD) as Part of The European Socialist Family: Ideological and Organisational Influences (2004–2019)
Full text linkThe importance of the ideologies in the current political landscape is often disputed or questioned. Some argue that most of the political forces moved towards the center in the last decades; they state that the catch-all model was embraced by former Conservative, Liberal, or Social democratic parties. Others consider that the ideological hegemony of neoliberalism erased the doctrinal boundaries that used to separate the Left from the Right. These discourses suggest that today’s political confrontations are in fact pseudo-conflicts because they lack an ideological background. In the present article, we contribute to the realization of an overview of the current relevance of the political ideologies by focusing on aspects linked to the recent history of the European Left.The relationship between the Party of European Socialists (PES) and the Eastern European Socialdemocratic parties was often characterized by difficulties. We observe the dynamics of the relationship between PES and the Romanian Social democrats, highlighting episodes filled with tension as well as moments of fruitful collaboration. Moreover, we discuss the messages of some relevant leaders in the European electoral campaigns, and we analyze the political profile of some Romanian Social democrats that occupied important positions in the European Parliament or the European Commission. The article also reflects on the impact had by the evolution of Social democracy on the development and the stability of the European Union. One of the main conclusions of our study is that the cultural and economic differences between the Western democratic Left and the Romanian Social democrats indicate that the relevance of the ideologies should not be underestimated