Jahan-e-Tahqeeq
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زبان دیاں قسماں: Types of Languages
No full textThis research article intends to discuss different aspects of a language in detail.As we understand that a language plays a vital role in every aspect of life because of it's peculiar characteristics, a language has many folds.Linguists have described many aspects within a particular language. Some of the major features are that a language is used for general communication, secondly,a language also fulfills the literary requirements of a society, journalistic and mystic writing requires a different choice of diction inside a language. Moreover, there is a secret language, class determining language symbols and features that determine a language being dead or alive.A language lives on the basis of its use in literature produced and the amount of modern knowledge it contributes. A civilization can keep its language alive by using it as a primary source of communication
USE OF TECHNOLOGY FOR TEACHING SPEAKING SKILLS IN ELT CLASSROOMS OF PAKISTAN
Full text link This research paper would study the technology used in modern language classrooms of Pakistan and point out the best possible and innovative uses of these technologies in the language classroom for Pakistani teachers and students alike.
The main focus of this paper would be on improvising the speaking skills of the multilingual, multidiscipline Pakistani university students who come from both urban and rural backgrounds. Many universities still are not equipped with the high-tech technology which can support both teachers and students in learning English language.
The paper would focus on the use of technology with an English language teacher’s perspective for better teaching. The students would benefit from it as to how technology can help them in English language learning in classroom with instructions of teacher and in isolation when teacher is not present to direct them.
The methodology of this research paper would be holistic in nature i.e. including both qualitative and quantitative data gathered from observation, literature review and survey conducted on both students and teachers linked with ELT
نبوی تعلیمات میں مزدوروں کے حقوق ، محفوظ کا م اور منصفانہ اجر ت کی اہمیت: Importance of labor rights, safe working conditions and fair wages in Prophetic teachings
No full textIn order to run the system in the collective and social life, it is necessary to exchange knowledge and skills with each other, therefore, every man cannot fulfill all his needs by himself, but he needs the help of other people to fulfill many things. And he needs others. In the early days, this method was used to exchange things and skills. The power system worked. The other way was that if a person needed something, he had something to give in return. Therefore, if there is no thing or money, if he uses his skills to do some service and work and get something in return, then his action was considered as labor. In our society, people of every class are facing problems, but the times of "servant workers" are the most bitter. From whose tail are all the springs of the world today, there are so many beautiful and attractive things in the world that are indebted to the blood and sweat of these workers. Although they are the most entitled to it. Islam, like in other areas of life, has issued very good and clear instructions in this regard, in which the rights of both employers and employees have been reserved. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said, "Pay the wages of the laborer before his sweat dries up" meaning that his right should be paid on time according to the service contract. Labor is the work of the prophets, it is not a lowly profession, it is an honorable profession. There is a saying that lasting peace can be given only through social justice. In this article, the rights of workers will be discussed in the light of the Prophet's biography
HANDLING THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED STUDENTS IN INCLUSIVE CLASSROOM: ANALYSIS OF THE DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED BY TEACHERS
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to find out how difficult it is for regular teachers to teach visually impaired children in inclusive classrooms. The goal was to find out what problems these general teachers run into when they teach children with visual impairments in inclusive educational settings. It will also find out how regular teachers can change their lessons to make sure that Individuals who experience visual impairments are included and valued. This study was done in Pakistan's District Okara, which is in the province of Central Punjab. It used a qualitative research approach with 21 general teachers who taught classes with students who had visual impairments. These teachers were chosen using a technique called "purposeful sampling." Semi-structured interviews and participant observation were used to gather data. The findings disclosed that general teachers have a limited understanding of inclusive education and how it should be implemented, not only for pupils with visual impairments but also for all students with special needs. General teachers must have an understanding of inclusion and teaching in inclusive classrooms in order to provide inclusive instruction to Individuals who experience visual impairments in an effective way. A special needs teacher is responsible for preparing teaching resources, such as audio and tactile materials, reading braille writings, and training pupils who have visual impairments in the correct use of their visual aids. However, it is also beneficial for a general educator to have some of this knowledge in order to address the challenges of instructing pupils with visual impairments in inclusive educational settings. In addition, findings revealed that general teachers were not utilizing their limited knowledge of inclusive classroom instruction due to many challenges surrounding inclusive education in primary and elementary schools, such as a lack of both general and special needs teachers and a lack of commitment among them, a lack of resources, and a rigid curriculum. Based on the results, it is suggested that the government should improve inclusive teaching by doing things like training teachers in special education to assist them in doing their jobs right. The government should also give inclusive educational institutions sufficient funds to make sure there are enough teaching and learning tools for pupils with visual impairments to use in inclusive classes
Second Language Learners Using Language Acquisition Techniques at the Undergraduate Level in Pakistan
Full text linkThis research report investigated the use of different language learning strategies by both male and female learners who are currently studying at the undergraduate level in Pakistan and whose second language, or L2, is English. Language learning strategies have many classifications or taxonomies. One of the most famous is the taxonomy of Rebecca Oxford (1990). She classified her six strategies into two main strategy groups, i.e., direct strategy and indirect strategy. The study deals with the strategies included in the direct strategy group of Oxford (1990). This study investigated that out of the three direct strategies of Oxford, which gender of undergraduate learners use more strategies than the others and also reported the least and most frequently used strategy by them. The population of undergraduate learners in Pakistan is very high, so for the current study, the sample type used was stratified and consisted of a total of 60 voluntary participants (30 males and 30 females). The students belong to an undergraduate university in Lahore city. This study followed the quantitative research method. Data was collected using questionnaires distributed randomly to different students, and an online survey was also conducted. The analysis of the data was done by making frequency tables and pie charts using SPSS version 20. The result of this study shows that female undergraduate students in Pakistan use more language learning strategies than male students, and this research also reflects that both male and female students choose cognitive strategies more than compensation strategies. Regarding the frequency of the strategies, it can be seen that there is not much difference in the preferences of both genders
خالد علیم کی نعت تاریخی اور عصری بصیرت کے آئینے میں: REFLECTION OF HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE IN KHALID ALEEM’S NAAT
No full textKhalid Aleem is considered one of the most famous poets of contemporary times. His poetry is based upon the theory of spreading positive values Reand determining the right path of life. Among the various themes of Khalid Aleem's poetry the most important topic is the Seerat of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). That is why the special reference to his identity is Naat. Naat-Goi is the expression of devotion to the Messenger of Allah as well as inviting human beings towards him and spreading message of Allah Almighty. Indeed, Naat is not only the effective means of esteem, welfare and salvation in this world but also for the Hereafter.At the time when the Prophet (PBUH) was born ignorant rituals, self-imposed religious and social restrictions and cultural and moral degradation were at their peak. The world was wandering in the darkness of Polytheism. Man was oblivious to the character building and intoxicated in the honor and fame. Before the Holy Prophet (PBUH), the plight of the society of that time is beautifully summed up by Aleem khan in his poetry in such a way that the whole history has reflected in front of the eyes. Khalid Aleem also portrays the plight of the present era in his Naat He mentions the plight of the Islamic nation in a very compassionate tone. He seems anxious and restless at the turmoil of the Islamic nation and sees the trumpets of selfishness and oppression that are usurping each other. In this way, his naat presents the prosecution of the Ummah before the Prophet as a whole In this article, the researchers will highlight the historical and contemporary perspectives in Khalid Aleem Naat-Goi.  
عنایت اللہ مشرقی اور ڈارون کا نظریہ ارتقاء: Inayat Ullah al-Mashriqi and Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
No full textThere are two major influential and prominent theories about the origin of life in this universe: One is theistic theory of “Divine Creation” or “Intelligent Design” which emphasizes that there is a “Supernatural Power” or an “Intelligent Designer” Who has created this universe along with all its living creatures including human beings.
The other theory is based on atheistic approach of Darwinism. It asserts that all living beings have a common, individual ancestor. Life was emerged in simple organism in the sea by the process of evolution and it evolved and diversified into different species which finally culminated in man various epochal times.
During this era, only those species survived who adapted to their environment.
Inayatullah Mashriqi has advocated this theory of Darwin and claimed it as “the climax of human knowledge”. In his re-markable book “Tazkira”, he insists that by following the Darwin’s concept of “Survival for the Fittest”, Man can not only touch the apex of humanity but also share “Godly Features and Traits”.
This theory basically denies God as the Creator and Originator of the universe and its creation. It also opens the new ways of false interpretations and suppositions in Quran which influence the young minds of new generation in a wrong direction. That’s why I feel a need to analyze these aspects of Allama Mashraqi’s concept to eradicate these delusions and fallacies.
 
EFFECTIVENESS OF ACTIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES: ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES AT COLLEGE LEVEL
Full text linkThis study investigates the Effectiveness of Active Learning Strategies: Analysis of Students and Teachers’ Perspectives at College Level. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher used the descriptive analysis approach through utilizing the questionnaire to collect data from the targeted sample. The study population included teachers and students of public colleges at intermediate level and participants of this study were 1776 female students & 1359 male students (Total = 3135); while 211 teachers (male & female) were served as population of the study. The questionnaire was consisted 25 statements for each student and teachers were served to examine the analysis of students and teachers’ perspective. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, and frequency distributions. Inferential statistics, such as correlation analysis, were used to investigate the interactions of the students and teachers about active learning. The result of the study showed moral incentive to promote active learning that increased students’ interaction between teachers. In the light of obtained result, the researchers recommended the utilization of an active learning strategy in teaching that teacher should focus on updating their teaching techniques and methods to boost up students learning abilities. The result also showed that active learning also impact at students’ perspective on their academic performance in term of learning motivation, learning achievement and learning engagement. Furthermore, flexibility, accessibility, learning autonomy, and boosting students’ achievement become the strengths of conducting active learning
قیام امن اور تنازعات کے حل میں نبیِ کریمؐ کی سیاسی فہم و فراست کا اختصاصی مطالعہ : میثاقِ مدینہ اور صلح حدیبیہ کے تناظر میں: Holy prophetʼs (PBUH) Political Wisdom for peace Settlement and Resolving Issues: A Special Study of Madina Charter and Hudaybiyyah Treaty
No full textAfter migration to madina Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) laid foundation of Madina State. Madina was the First Islamic State where the first charter/ constitution )622 A.D/ 1st AH) was experienced by its Muslims and Non- Muslim citizens. This charter of Madina clearly deal with the internal and external challenges to the Islamic state. On the other Hand treaty of Hudaybiyyah (628AD/ 6 AH) was also a big challenge for Prophet Muhammad (PUBH) for resolving issues and peace settlement. Quraish tribe and Muslims agreed for ten years to affirm peace between two cities Makkah and Madina. This treaty helped to decrease tension and in the following years peaceful pilgrimage. Hazrat Uthman (R.A) was the negotiator for this treaty. In his absence pledge of the tree (bay ‘at al Rizwan) was took place. Hazrat Ali (R.A) was the document writer. This treaty proved Prophetʼs political Wisdom to place Him equal to Quraish. Prophet Muhammad also able to win over formally allied tribes with Quraish. Thus with the technique of better relations with enemies Prophet (PBUH) attracted Quraish towards Islam. This article is an attempt to show prophetic wisdom and resolving issues in said two matters
ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ PERCEIVED SCIENCE TEST ANXIETY AT ELEMENTARY LEVEL
Full text linkThe present study aimed to investigate the analysis of students' perceived science test anxiety at the elementary level, with a specific focus on examining the gender-based differences in the perception of science test anxiety among students. This quantitative research utilized a survey as the primary data collection method and focused on the population of all government schools in the Multan district. From this extensive population, a sample of 513 male students and 392 female students was selected, totaling 905 participants, to gather pertinent data. To ensure the validity and reliability of the research instrument, a pre-existing questionnaire was employed for data collection. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, T-tests, and ANOVA, were employed to ascertain differences and relationships between various variables within the study. The research findings unveiled a significant disparity in the opinions of male and female students regarding the perception of science test anxiety. This gender-based distinction suggests that male and female students may experience science test anxiety differently, emphasizing the importance of addressing this issue. In light of these research findings, several recommendations and suggestions emerge. These findings have practical implications for improving science education and ensuring that all elementary-level students can thrive in their learning experiences.
Key Words: Perceived, Science Test, Anxiety and Elementary Leve