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Effectiveness of Literature –Based Teaching on Reading Comprehension and Writing Skills in Intermediate English Learners
Full text linkThis research study investigates the effectiveness of literature-based teaching on the reading comprehension and writing skills of intermediate English learners. The research adopts a quasi-experimental design to measure the impact of incorporating literature into the curriculum. The population targeted includes intermediate-level English learners from various educational institutions. A sample of 120 students of intermediate, selected through stratified random sampling, ensures representation across different proficiency levels and socio-economic backgrounds. Participants were divided into a control group, which received traditional instruction, and an experimental group, which engaged with a curriculum enriched by literary texts such as novels, short stories, and poems. The intervention spanned 12 weeks, during which both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Pre- and post-tests assessed reading comprehension and writing proficiency, while surveys and interviews provided insights into students' attitudes and perceptions towards literature-based learning. The findings reveal a significant improvement in the experimental group's reading comprehension and writing skills compared to the control group. The study concludes that literature-based teaching is an effective strategy for enhancing these critical language skills in intermediate English learners. The implications for curriculum design and instructional practices are discussed, recommending a more prominent inclusion of literary texts in English language teaching
معروف پاكستانى مسلم فىمنسٹ خواتىن كےتعارف و احوال کا تخصیصی مطالعہ: A special study of the profiles of well-known Pakistani Muslim feminist women
No full textBefore writing on the topic of feminism or women's movement in Pakistan, it is important to understand the demands of feminism and the movement because there are many opinions in the definition of these techniques in the term. General interpretations of feminism are political in nature as it challenges material and ideological structures of power as thought. There are different interpretations based on different ways of seeing and understanding society. Liberal feminism, which is the most popular interpretation, believes in equal rights within the modern conception of the nation-state. Although there are different opinions in this school of thought, but its main objective is to ensure equal distribution of legal and political rights between women and men. Apart from this, popular schools of thought include Marxist Feminism, Radical Feminism School which is unlike the Marxist and Liberal School which are public in their interpretation. This school is basically against patriarchy. Apart from this, there is a socialist school which is a combination of radical and Marxist thought and it basically believes in the need for revolutionary changes in the socio-economic system because according to it the injustice of the patriarchal system is the institutions established by the state. It is strengthened by It is possible in the West as the theoretical foundations of all these schools of thought exist, but in the context of the subcontinent, the interpretations here have their own history and culture..
The article under review deals with the plight of well-known feminist women of Pakistan who have been active for women's right
جدید اُردو افسانے کی تنقید کا ایک معتبر نام: صبا اکرام: A Renowned personality of Modern Short Story: Saba Ikram
No full textThe story attracts the reader of every era and age, due to this the importance of fiction has increased with each passing era. In modern fiction, one can see the glimpse of contemporary issues. Along with Urdu fiction, its criticism has also adapted itself to the demands of the changing times. Saba Ikram is not only a fiction writer, but he has given enough space to the theoretical and practical discussions of criticism in his works. This article actually determines the place and rank of Saba Ikram in the criticism of modern Urdu fiction. While reading it, new aspects of fiction criticism knock on the windows of possibilities
Mimicry and diluted identity: A Postcolonial Critique of Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lover
Full text linkThe present research is the postcolonial critique of Maps for Lost Lovers written by the British Pakistani novelist Nadeem Aslam. The data source is the novel which is a story of a Pakistani immigrant family living in England that needs to adapt to British culture. They have to mimic British culture for their survival in society. In the narrative, the nature of mimicry shifts. There are characters and events that can be studied when it comes to mimic. England is a country with great diversity, and its society can be described as a heterogeneous one. In such a community, mixing can be observed, and this mixing leads to mimicry. The researcher assumes that this study will provide new information to readers, particularly students interested in postcolonial discourse. It is also intended that other researchers will do the research in this context, which will not only focus on imitation but also on other postcolonial issues. The findings from the data analysis demonstrate that new hybrid identities of immigrants in The Desert of Loneliness and in their original land are arising as a result of the biased and stereotyped attitude that they encounter from the inhabitants of their native land. The characters that had formed their new identities against the stereotyped ideas of the Western world are Mah-Jabin, the young daughter of Shamas and Kaukab, Charag, Shamas, and Ujala. To escape discriminatory and stereotyped attitudes toward them, the migrants adopt British culture and traditions. Aslam has represented this notion of identity crises with the help of the above-mentioned characters of the novel who try to mimic the Westerners and their culture in the making of a new identity. This practice of imitation leads all the major characters of the novel to identity crises by diluting identity. This study is significant because it highlights the issue of identity addressed by one of the British-Pakistani writers
تانیثیت
No full textThe contemporary debate centering round the circumference of feminist discourse has of late been very potent in addressing the issues of certain prejudiced notions in our existing patriarchal structure. The patriarchal culture lionized the ideals of brevity. courageousness, and intellect and thought of these as the only special possessions of man in society. The qualities of being submissive, kind and caring in nature is considered to be "ideal" and exclusive qualities of a woman. Even though these qualities are "ideal" to women, they are discarded from being considered as universal in nature and are thought of as insignificant in the mainstream societal structure. These qualities are treated as inferior, and exclusively womanly and hence cannot make their stand in the conventional patriarchal social order. For this reason a dilemmatic situation arises here
Madrassas Reforms in Pakistan: An analysis between Madrassa and social values
Full text link The educational landscape of Pakistan has long been characterized by a dual system where madrassas play a crucial role in providing religious education. Over the years, madrassas have faced scrutiny and calls for reform due to their perceived role in fostering extremism and their outdated educational practices. This paper critically appraises the current strategies for madrassa reforms in Pakistan and examines future prospects. To evaluate the effectiveness of existing reform strategies, identify challenges, and propose actionable recommendations for integrating madrassa education into the national educational framework. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating qualitative data from interviews with policymakers, educators, and madrassa administrators, as well as quantitative data from surveys and government reports. A comprehensive literature review was also conducted to provide context and background. Recent initiatives have aimed at standardizing curricula, incorporating modern subjects, and enhancing regulatory oversight. Despite these efforts, implementation has been inconsistent and met with resistance from madrassa authorities. Key challenges include ideological resistance, inadequate funding, lack of trained teachers for modern subjects, and political interference. Additionally, there is a significant variation in the acceptance and implementation of reforms across different madrassa networks. While some madrassas have adopted reforms and integrated modern subjects, many continue to operate traditionally, limiting the broader impact of reforms. Policy Harmonization: Establish a unified regulatory framework that ensures consistent implementation of reforms across all madrassas. Capacity Building: Invest in training programs for madrassa teachers to equip them with the skills needed to teach modern subjects. Community Engagement: Engage with religious leaders and communities to build support for reforms and address ideological resistance. Funding and Resources: Ensure adequate funding and resources for madrassas to facilitate the integration of modern subjects without compromising religious education. The study concludes that while madrassa reforms in Pakistan have made some progress, significant challenges remain. A holistic approach that includes policy harmonization, capacity building, community engagement, and adequate funding is essential for the successful integration of madrassa education into the national framework. Future prospects depend on sustained efforts and collaborative engagement among all stakeholders. This abstract summarizes the key elements of the study, highlighting the current state of madrassa reforms, the challenges faced, and potential solutions to improve the effectiveness of these reforms. For a detailed analysis and further insights.
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SOCIAL RESPONSE AND PROBLEMS FACED BY SELF EMPLOYED SKILLFUL WOMEN IN DISTRICT BAHAWALPUR
Full text linkPurpose of study: Women self-employment is a tool to achieve the economic progress of the society by improving skills among young girls and by creating the awareness regarding benefits of self-employment. With a greater rate of self-employment, the modern nations can compete in an era of competition related to socio-economic spheres of life.
Application of the study: The women self-employment rate in Pakistan needs to be increased particularly in Bahawalpur. That is why both national government and provincial government of Punjab initiate different projects to uplift the skills of young girls in rural areas so they can improve their income. Based on this need, national and provincial launched various projects through vocational training institutes to impart vocational skills trainings among young girls of rural areas for their empowerment. Methodology: Research study was conducted to determine the social response and problems faced self-employed skillful women in district Bahawalpur. The sample size of this research study was 74, which were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. This quantitative and applied research was conducted through using cross-sectional survey method of research. Data was analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical procedures by using SPSS 25. Principle findings: The research study shows performance level of skill self-employed women of district Bahawalpur does not affect by family related, stress and role conflict related, finance related and availability of support mechanism related problems. These women got training in different trades and establish their small businesses in their homes and they are earning good income. Furthermore, community also values them and appreciates them for their work. Novelty/Originality of study: Findings of this research study will be helpful for policy makers to make more effective policies of skills development for women of Pakistan. Keeping in view findings of this research study there is a need to create awareness among communities about the importance and benefits of self-employability and government should also take some positive steps by making some sort of official registration portal for self-employed women and provide them some facilities which help these women for their better earning
مذاہب عالم میں تفریح کا تصور اور اس کی اہمیت وافادیت : ایک تحقیقی مطالعہ: The Concept of Recreation in World Religions and Its Importance and Benefits: A Research Study
No full textThe concept of recreation has existed in every era and among all nations. However, each nation has organized it according to its own civilization and culture. Recreation is a practical activity in which individuals engage during their leisure time to refresh their minds. This natural recreation can take any form, as it is an inherent human instinct, and nature itself has provided the means for this recreation. In the present era, the concept of recreation has become a significant subject of study and research. Recreation has gained the status of psychological therapy, and various methods are being employed to achieve it. It cannot be denied that just as every society, culture, values, traditions, and religious beliefs differ, so does the concept of recreation within each society, aligning with its social culture. The Pakistani society, being a Muslim society, reflects these unique cultural norms in its recreational practices. In modern societies, recreation has become an essential part of human life. In the fast-paced, mechanical era and competitive environment, people become exhausted from work, and they find solace in recreation. This concept of recreation is not a pastime of the present age but has existed since ancient times, maintaining its importance and benefits in every society.This research study examines the concept, importance, and benefits of recreation in various world religions. It explores the theories of recreation in light of different religious texts and beliefs to understand how different religions view recreation and how their followers engage in it. The results of the research show that recreation holds a special place and importance in every religion, contributing not only to spiritual tranquility but also to social harmony
أثر القرآن والحديث في القصائد البنورية (دراسة وصفية تحليلية)
No full textSheikh Muhammad Yousuf Al-Banuri was a renowed Islamic Scholar, poet and expert in Qur’anic and Hadith studies. The scholars owe a lot to Al-Banuri who dedicated his life to the pursuit of Islamic learning.
As a poet Al-Banuri’s works were characterized by their eloquence, depth and spirtual insight. In his poetry, he often focused on themses related to faith, spirituality and the beauty of Quran. Beeing a proficient Arabic speaker and writer, Al-Banuri integrated Quranic themes Hadith teachings into his poetry.
This article explores how Sheikh Muhammad Yousuf Al-Banuri’s poetry, particularly his Qasaid Al-Banuria was influenced by the Quran and Hadith. By comparing some of Al-Banuri’s poems with specific parts of the Quran and Hadith. This article shows how cleverly he mixed these religious teachings into his poetry. He used symbols, and phrases from the Quran to create a strong sencse of spirituality into his poems.
Also, the study explores, how he included stories, sayings and lessons from the Quran and Hadith into his poetry making his work not only beautiful but also full of moral and spiritual Guidance.
His poems contine to inspire people, even today. Al-Banuri’s work is like a treasure of wisdom, reminding us of the deep connection between faith and art. In his poetry, we find a timeless reminder of the beauty and power of Islamic teachings, speaking to hearts across time and place
اردو ادب پر خفقانی حقیقت نگاری کے اثرات کامطالعہ
No full text Urdu language is a vast and living language which has been absorbing various new theories from the beginning. In 2012, the Chinese fiction writer Mo-yan introduced his literary narrative technique Hallucinatory Realism to the world scene and won the Nobel Prize.He merges the Folk tales,history and contemporary myth. The effects of this technique in Urdu literature exist before the introduction of this technique. In this article, Urdu literature has been studied in the context of this technique.we reviewed the Urdu Poetry and fiction in above mentioned technique’s perspective. Urdu language has many poets and fiction writers who has been adopting various tools of this narrative technique inadvertently