Harf-o-Sukhan
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THE RELATION OF READING MOTIVATION, ATTITUDE AND READING COMPREHENSION OF L2 LEARNERS AT BS LEVEL IN PAKISTAN
Full text linkThe relation between readers' motivation as well as attitude towards reading including its influence on comprehension plays a critical role in learning situations, particularly for second language (L2) learners. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of published research on reading motivation, attitudes, and reading comprehension among students enrolled in undergraduate degree programs in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The research thus defines goals such as recognizing the relationship of these components and evaluating their effect on the performance of the students. The selected target population of the present study involved 100 participants of three public sector universities in Faisalabad and the sampling technique used was the stratified random sampling. The quantitative data was analyzed using ‘SPSS Statistics’ and the primary method of analysis was correlation where the relation between the variables under study was investigated. The findings highlight both positive and negative aspects of the study. This is made possible by the application of SPSS in data analysis hence enhancing precision and reliability of the results. Nevertheless, the study also has some disadvantages, for example, it is impossible to exclude the possibility of obtaining a sample bias or the difficulties involved in extending the results of the research to other subjects. This study makes a useful significance in the field of the applied linguistics, stressing further significance of the motivation and the attitude as for the reading comprehension, and giving an idea for further study and learning process
QUETTA’S PLAY SPACE CRISIS: ASSESSING THE CONSEQUENCES OF INADEQUATE PLAYGROUNDS ON YOUTH SOCIAL WELLBEING
Full text linkSports and health are concomitant to each other. However, sports do not improve the physical health only, but also keep positive impacts on the social life of youth. Sporting attitude enhances social sense and deter youth from many anti-social and illegal acts. Contextually, the unavailability or inadequate playgrounds and sports activities could easily lead youth towards many offenses and immoral ends. This quantitative study was carried out to explore the prominent factors causing shortage of playgrounds in the Quetta city and the effects that keep on the social life of youth. The data was collected from the youth residing in the different parts of the Quetta city. The findings outlined that there is acute shortage of playgrounds in the Quetta city. It was noted in the study that the dearth of sports grounds exists because of the indifference of government functionaries, lack of sprit of the youth to record agitation or demand for constructing playgrounds, the excessive inclination of youth towards the use of smartphones, the youth preference to hotels more than the games, and the areas occupied by the land mafias. Furthermore, the study indicated that the inadequate playgrounds divert youth towards crimes, drugs, narcotics, and promoting intolerance, causing distances among people, and boosting up familial and social conflicts
اردو خاکہ نگاری کا ایک اہم نام، خافی خان: AN IMPORTANT NAME IN URDU SKETCHING, KHAFI KHAN
No full textIn Urdu language and literature, the tradition of sketching has been stable and strong for the last century. Undoubtedly, traces of this genre can be found in the mentions of Urdu poets. And many researchers also recognize Mirza Farhatullah Baig as the first draftsman. But an earlier sketch was written in 1908. Which was written by Yildirim. This article is based on the debate over who is the first draftsman.
In this article, all the technical essentials of sketching like brevity, chronology, characterization, style, etc. will be highlighted and the first sketcher will be identified
Implications of Skopos theory for Validity and Reliability: Cultural Adaptation in the Arabic Translation of BDI Psychometric Test
Full text linkThis study investigates the application of Skopos Theory in the translation of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) from English to Arabic, focusing on linguistic shifts, cultural adaptations, and the preservation of communicative functions. Skopos Theory, which emphasizes the purpose and target audience of a translation, provides a framework for analyzing the challenges of conveying depression-related concepts in Arabic-speaking contexts. The research examines how expressions of psychological states, such as guilt and worthlessness, are recontextualized to suit Arabic cultural norms while maintaining the inventory's diagnostic intent. The analysis of 21 randomly selected BDI items reveals that translators employ various strategies, including omission, addition, and cultural substitution, to ensure clarity, emotional resonance, and cultural relevance. The findings demonstrate that adapting the BDI through Skopos Theory ensures that the translation remains faithful to its intended psychological function while being linguistically and culturally appropriate for Arabic-speaking populations. This study highlights the critical role of purpose-driven translation in maintaining the reliability and validity of psychometric tools across different languages and cultures, offering valuable insights for cross-cultural psychological assessment and mental health research
IMPACT OF VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES ON ROUTINE LIFE AND HEALTH OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Full text linkThis is the age of information and technology where different video games are popular for sake of entertainment and for gaming environment. The recent study focuses on addiction of PUBG game and its health consequences on life of youth. This study found the addiction level of PUBG game among youth of Narowal and their usage pattern of different online video games. The world has transformed itself with new information and communication technology due to continuous progress of computer and internet connectivity across the globe. PUBG game so called the unknown battleground an online video game where hundreds of players can play simultaneously. For research purpose 200 respondents’ maximum among the youth’ are selected for the current study. They belong to different departments and they have smart phones with the internet connectivity. Their age vary from 18 to 40 who frequently use the video games. With the help of close ended questions, survey research is conducted by using non probability sampling of purposive and convenient techniques for data collection where 200 respondents who are the frequent and regular users of different games. The youngsters were asked different questions regarding their usage of games and its impact on their life style. The findings revealed that they frequently use different games for entrainment purpose to kill the time. These games have great impact on their social and personal lives and feel great mental relaxation and aggression after using the game
ابن صفی کے جاسوسی ناولوں میں مقصدیت اور فکری پہلو: Objectivity and Intellectual Aspects in Ibn Safi's Detective
No full textIbn Safi is the credit of detective literature. After reading all his novels, from a research point of view, the objectivity and intellectual aspects of his novels have been highlighted to make it clear that detective literature is not limited to entertainment activities only, but like literature. It is also not devoid of intellectual aspect. This article also proves that vulgarity and sexism are not necessary to develop literature
An Investigative Study of Transliteration of English Words in Monolingual Urdu Dictionaries ( Feroz ul Lughat, Ilmi Urdu Lughat and jammay ul Lughat)
Full text linkThe present study focuses on issues of English to Urdu transliteration and problems of orthography. Transliteration is the transcription of words of one language to another. This study identifies the transliteration of English words in monolingual Urdu dictionaries i.e. Feroz-ul-Lughat and Azhar-ul-Lughat. When English words are transliterated, the problems of orthography, pronunciation, written script, sound inventories and lexicography occur. This study aims to explore the transliterated English words in Urdu dictionaries and to discover the precise orthographic forms according to the exact shape and tone of the words. The study is descriptive and exploratory in nature. A documentary analysis approach has been utilised. The research sample consisted of monolingual Urdu dictionaries like Feroz- ul- Lughaat, Ilmi Urdu Lughat and Jammay- ul- Lughaat. Different features of these monolingual Urdu dictionaries including contents, preface, pronunciation symbols, list of headwords (macrostructure) are used for analysis. The analysis of these dictionaries reveal that many words of English origin and usage have been taken as it is in the said dictionaries. The headwords have been given with their English spellings as well in some of the entries. The study concludes that the compilers have not considered the modern rules of modern lexicography. This study paves the way for lexicographers, dictionary compilers, syllabus designers and policy makers and it will also be useful for both native and foreign speakers of Urdu.
 
Relationship among awareness, commitment, cooperation, policies, practices and future planning for environmental sustainability in libraries: A survey of librarians of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Full text linkAs concerns about environmental sustainability and climate change continue to grow, various institutions are seeking ways to minimize their carbon footprint and promote friendly environment behaviors. Libraries as vital community hubs can play a significant role in this effort. The current study explores the adoption and implementation of Environment Friendly Policies & Practices (EFP&P) in libraries located in the region of Azad Jammu Kashmir (AJK). This research focuses on the role that libraries in AJK can play in combating environmental issues through their operational strategies. By implementing environment friendly measures, libraries have the potential to significantly contribute to sustainability. The study highlights concrete approaches that can be applied to reduce adverse environmental impact and by encouraging libraries to become champions of green practices.
The quantitative approach was used to explore the status of awareness library professionals towards a friendly environment and library professional’s behavior at work place. Data collection was done by using a questionnaire. The Libraries of AJK were the study's target. Data was acquired from the librarian professionals of AJK. On hundred librarians affiliated with academic, public and special libraries provided the information.
The results show that the majority of professional librarians agreed that the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) enunciated by UN are significant and relevant to libraries. Further, majority of the respondents knew about the SDGs and agreed that user friendly environment in the libraries can secure the future of libraries. Moreover, this study showed that majority of the libraries have written policies on how to achieve environmental goal and opined that their senior management supported them towards the implementation of environment friendly policies. Furthermore, this study highlights that majority of participants are of the view that library building design supports and promotes in achieving friendly environment in the libraries. The study also highlights that the implementation of friendly policies is an expensive option and lack of support from the senior management is another barrier to implement environment friendly practices.  
مازندرانی الاصل
No full textThe lands of sub-continent has always welcomed the Scholars, Sufis, Priests and Poets coming from abroad. This place has particularly acted as a haven for the poets of Persian language which have been visiting from Iran. Specifically during the reigns of Ghaznavis and Mughals in subcontinent the poets of Persian language came in hundreds from various parts of Iran. This migration of Iranion poets in the sub-continent become a source of discussions and debates. In this article an attempt has been made to recognize the services and pay tributes to those poets of Iran who migrated to this region from Mazardaran part of Iran and contributed in the development of Persian language and literature in the sub-continent
CONSTRUCTING DIALOGICAL SELF THROUGH FEMALE MASCULINITY IN THE TALIBAN CRICKET CLUB
Full text linkThis study gives an insight into how the counterhegemonic action subverts the discourse of patriarchy in Afghanistan during the Taliban regime. The counter-normative behavior adopted by Rukhsana, the protagonist of the selected text, presents a sharp foil to the discourse of masculinity in Afghanistan. She weds masculinity to femaleness by wielding power and domination to it. Timeri N Murari's depiction of female masculinity in his novel The Taliban Cricket Club, published in 2012, is analyzed by employing Judith Jack Halberstam’s queer theory with special emphasis on her concept of female masculinity. This study is qualitative in nature, and the method of textual analysis is used to get the desired results of the female masculinity in the text by employing Judith Halberstam's theory in combination with Bakhtin's (1981) dialogism and Paulo Frieri's (2005) dialogical self