Harf-o-Sukhan
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TRADITION OF REVOLUTIONARY POETRY IN URDU
Full text linkFor a long time since the beginning of the history of Urdu literature, Urdu poetry has been the centre of love, migration and death. Poetry was written for personal satisfaction without being cut off from society and without stating social realities. Nowhere in the first three hundred years of Urdu poetry did any social subject appear to be a regular part of Urdu poetry among the poets (except for NazeerAkbarabadi). For the first time in the life of Nasir Akbar Abdi, we find poetry isolated from the mood of Urdu poetry. For the first time, he made social subjects part of his poetry. Due to which the traditional poets refused to accept him as a poet. For a long time after Nasir Akbar Abdi, we did not find this level of social consciousness in any other poet. In Ghalib's poetry after Nasir, we see universal subjects deviating from tradition. Ghalib dealt with the day-to-day affairs of human life in poetry and introduced realism in poetry. We find similar natural subjects and natural poetry in the present. Maulana Muhammad Hussain Azad also holds a unique position in the field of natural subjects. Hali and Azad nurtured natural poetry in the poetry of Anjuman Punjab. Iqbal also struck the consciences of the sleeping nation with the blade of his poetry and aroused the faith of the Muslims. We see traces of revolutionary poetry in Iqbal. Abu Al-IjazHafeez Siddiqui quotes Al-Ahmad Sarwar regarding the beginning of revolutionary poetry, according to which
د اشرف خان هجري په کلام کښې د ځنې شخصياتو يادؤنه : يوه تحقيقي څېړنه
No full text Ashraf Khan emerges as a distinguished figure in Pashto literature, embodying the legacy of his renowned father, Khushal Khan. A poet of both the sword and the pen, Ashraf Khan's verses traverse a wide array of topics, each meticulously examined with poetic finesse. This article delves into Ashraf Khan's poetic repertoire, focusing particularly on his portrayal of various persons and personalities from diverse fields and walks of life. Through an in-depth analysis of his verses, we explore how Ashraf Khan intricately weaves these personalities into his poetry, providing profound insights and perspectives on human experiences. From warriors to scholars, from lovers to leaders, Ashraf Khan's poetry resonates with the essence of each individual he portrays, offering a rich tapestry of Pashto literature that captures the depth and diversity of human existence. Through this research, we aim to shed light on the literary craftsmanship of Ashraf Khan and his enduring contribution to Pashto literature
A Pathway to Female Homosociality through Disidentification in Kamila Shamsie’s Best of Friends
Full text linkThe research undertakes the female-homosocial relations in Kamila Shamsie’s Best of Friends as a subversive approach, under the discipline of Homosociality. The research explores various dynamics of disidentification as a reactive force to resist the heteronormative society, in which identities are viewed as constant and fixed. The objective of the study is to deconstruct the notion of stable identity. Thus, disidentification in Shamsie’s Best of Friends introduces multiple tactical-survival strategies to (re)construct new identities. The research proves that female homosocial relations, as a subversive approach, empower the individuals among female gender within the socio-cultural and diasporic settings. Hence, disidentification and female homosociality defies the existing structure of heteropatriarchal society in which fixed gender binaries exist
Evaluation of Exam Questions of English Summative Assessment Based on Cognitive Skills
Full text linkThe present study was designed for analysing the cognitive levels of exam questions of English papers of Class 9th and 10th in BISE, Karachi and BISE, Lahore for academic years 2022-2023 using Bloom’s Taxonomy. The study examined 320 questions of 16 English papers. A research instrument i.e. a checklist was adapted after modifying the checklist regarding Bloom’s Taxonomy used by Tangsakul, et al, (2017). The adapted checklist was employed to record and tally the cognitive levels of the questions collected from the exam papers. Descriptive qualitative method was employed for analysing the data. The findings showed that Comprehension level was frequently used in exam papers. Fewer questions appeared from Analysis and Synthesis levels and not a single question appeared at Evaluation level in all papers. Exam papers have a greater number of questions of lower cognitive domain than higher cognitive domain based on Bloom’s Taxonomy. Based on the findings, some suggestions have been outlined with the purpose of setting exam papers based on both lower and higher cognitive domains in proper proportion and development of critical thinking among students
اسلم راہی کے تاریخی ناولوں کے مردانہ کردار: ایک نفسیاتی تجزیہ: Male Characters in Aslam Rahi's Historical Novels: A Psycho Analysis
No full textIt is said that there is no field of life where there is no need for psychology. There are many writers in Urdu literature who have created more experiences in the field of Urdu literature by portraying different psychological characters in their writings. In the present era, Aslam Rahi has also emerged as an important novelist. He has greatly increased the value of Urdu literature by writing many historical and romantic novels. He has not only increased it but many features are also found in his novels. For example, if his historical novel is studied in depth, then on the one hand, he has tried his best to keep Islamic history alive. On the other hand, the characters he has portrayed in his novels are well managed in all sense. I have tried to bring the psychological study of male characters found in his novels. In the present article, some male chracters of the novels of Aslam Rahi has been discussed.These Novels includes "Ertugrul Ghazi", "Sindh Ka Soorma", "Nasiruddin Mahmood", "Haydar Ali", "Sultan Ruknuddin Baybars", "Tariq bin Ziyad", "Alauddin Khwarazm Shah" and "Sikander-e-Aazam" as well
محمدحمید شاہد کے افسانوں میں اکیسویں صدی کی قدرتی آفات اور واقعات کی عکاسی
No full text In this article, the Natural disasters and events of the 21st Century in the fiction of Muhammad Hameed Shahid, the decline of values, fear, violence, mental conflict, anxiety, numbness in the environment, the painful events of 9/11 and, which engulfed the whole world. The situation after 9/11, the global horror, the atrocities in Iraq and Afghanistan, the terrorism in Pakistan, the destruction of social, moral and human values caused by the 2005 earthquake, and the general helplessness of the rulers. A reflection of all accidents and incidents is presented
دیوان ِغالب کے مدّون نسخوں (طاہریہ اور حمیدیہ ) کا تقابلی جائزہ: A comparative analysis of the written versions (Tahiriyyah and Hamidyya) of Diwan-i-Ghalib
No full textThe first version of Hamidiya was published in 1921 under the supervision of Mufti Muhammad Anwarul Haq Nazim Sar-e-Rishta Shikam Zia-ul-Uloom Bhopal. This manuscript was compiled by Mr. Hamidullah Khan and published by Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj in July 1969 under the auspices of Majlis.
Its second edition was published by Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi in 1992. This edition was published after writing in Khat-i-Nastaliq, in which "Ighlat" has been corrected in the text and "Ighlat-nama" has been deleted. It has been explained in the dispatch written by Hameedullah Khan in the version of Hamidiya.
The first version of Hamidiya was published in 1921 under the supervision of Mufti Muhammad Anwarul Haq Nazim Sar-e-Rishta Shikam Zia-ul-Uloom Bhopal. This manuscript was compiled by Mr. Hamidullah Khan and published by Syed Imtiaz Ali Taj in July 1969 under the auspices of Majlis. When Hamidullah Khan wrote this manuscript, two things remained in his mind, which he also mentioned in the preface.
Because the difference in the arrangement of the ghazals of the pen version, which is the arrangement of the ghazals of the manuscript, was changed in the printed version. Hamidullah Khan, while compiling this manuscript, pointed out two things. However, he admits that due to the lack of time, it would not be possible for me to go through each poem and stanza word by word, but while checking the arrangement and correction of the rhymes and the margins, I would mention the words of the printed version in the footnotes. Hints will also be found from these references
کلوننگ ٹیکنالوجی پر اسلامی نقطہ نظر:جدید مسلم مفکرین کی کتب کا تنقیدی جائزہ
No full textThis paper explores the perspectives of Muslim theorists and philosophers on cloning technology, offering a critical analysis of their scholarly works. It delves into the ethical, religious, and philosophical dimensions of cloning as discussed within Islamic discourse. By examining key texts and arguments from various Muslim scholars, the study highlights the diverse viewpoints and the underlying principles guiding these perspectives. To critically analyse the philosophical arguments for and against cloning from Islamic perspectives the work of prominent Islamic theologians like: Dr Abdul Rauf Shakoori, Prof Dr Noor Ahmed Shahtaaz, Dr Shaukat Shokani, Prof Tufail Dhana, Qazi Mujahidul Islam Qasmi, and Naqi Ahmed Nadwi have been selected. The paper also aims to elucidate how contemporary Islamic thought navigates the complexities of modern biotechnological advancements, particularly cloning, and its implications for humanity. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the interplay between science and religion in the context of Islamic ethics and philosophy
EDUCATING ABOUT THE UPRIGHT ATTITUDE TOWARDS NON-MUSLIMS; AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE SINGLE NATIONAL CURRICULUM OF ISLAMIC STUDIES
Full text link This study examines how Pakistan’s Single National Curriculum (SNC) for Islamic Studies accommodates and fosters acceptance for non-Muslims. Developing a harmonic and inclusive society depends on promoting the need to teach children about reasonable and respectful interactions with non-Muslims. Beginning with a historical overview of Pakistan’s educational policy, the study assesses the mandatory inclusion of Islamic studies and the role of the SNC in advancing religious tolerance and national unity. The study evaluates Islamic Studies textbooks from elementary to high school levels using qualitative and quantitative approaches and student questionnaires ranging in grades six to twelve. Statistics disclose that although the SNC upholds the rights and polite treatment of non-Muslims, it is also very brief and lacks practical implications for students. Primary school texts lacked practical application, and a sizable portion of the student’s lacked knowledge of the lessons on respectful behaviour of non-Muslims, such as visiting sick non-Muslims and dining with them. High school textbooks were also found lacking in depth and valuable guidance; many of the students were confused about how to interact with non-Muslims. To close this gap between theory and practice, the study underlines the need to include these ideas more thoroughly and practically in the curriculum. The paper ends with suggestions for curricular enhancements to better teach children the ideas of justice, compassion, and respect for non-Muslims, fostering a more inclusive and tolerant society. Recommendations for curriculum modifications to enhance learning concepts of justice, compassion, and respect for non-Muslims will contribute to advancing a more inclusive and tolerant society
مستشرقین کے مطالعہ سیرت سے اقوام عالم پر اثرات کا خصوصی مطالعہ: A SPECIAL STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF THE STUDY OF THE LIVES OF ORIENTALISTS ON THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD
No full textThis article explores the historical and ongoing animosity of Jews and Christians toward Islam, arguing that their hostility began when prophethood shifted from the Children of Israel to the Children of Ishmael. Initially, they had hoped for a prophet to lead them to victory against their enemies, but they rejected Prophet Muhammad ﷺ out of envy and racial prejudice upon recognizing him, a rejection described in the Quran as based on a "desire for Allah to send His Favor upon whom He wills of His servants." This animosity evolved from military confrontation, as seen in the Crusades, to a concerted campaign of intellectual and cultural warfare after military defeats.
The authors contend that after failing to defeat Muslims militarily, these groups turned to propaganda, writing books and establishing institutions to spread misinformation and alienate Muslims from their faith. This campaign sought to:
Spread distrust against the Prophet ﷺ: Deliberately distorting his life (Sirah) to sow doubt and hatred among both non-Muslims and Muslims.
Make Islam seem dubious: Portraying Islam as a religion derived from Judaism and Christianity and arguing that its teachings are outdated and incompatible with modern life.
Hinder the spread of Islam: Actively working to prevent the conversion of people to Islam, especially in Europe, where its growth has been significant.
Disparage Islamic history and civilization: Falsifying historical events to claim that Islam has always been hostile to Jews and Christians, while simultaneously promoting their own cultural superiority.
Create a climate of doubt: Using a skeptical approach to Islamic sciences (Quran, Hadith, Fiqh) to weaken the faith of educated Muslims and make them feel that Islam is not relevant to contemporary challenges.
Insult the Prophet ﷺ: Engaging in a sustained and deliberate campaign of mockery and defamation to undermine the Prophet's ﷺ honor and weaken the bond between Muslims and their Prophet.
The article argues that Muslims must counter these efforts by thoroughly studying the Sirah of the Prophet ﷺ. The study of the Prophet's ﷺ life is essential for several reasons: it serves as the perfect role model for humanity, it is a prerequisite for understanding and completing the religion of Islam, it is key to a proper comprehension of the Quran, it is a requirement for a complete and true faith, and it is a necessary act of obedience to Allah. Ultimately, the article concludes that a deep understanding of the Prophet's ﷺ life is crucial for defending his honor and fulfilling the duty of every Muslim to promote Islam as a source of peace and guidance for all of humanity