Journal of Research (Urdu)
Not a member yet
776 research outputs found
Sort by
Online Communication and Social Norms: Social Deviations in Pakistani Chat Rooms
Get PDFThe widespread use of the Internet has significantly impacted the language people use to communicate. One of the clearest indications of this phenomenon are chat rooms. Many kind of chat settings are available online for the users, e.g. IRC (Internet Relay Chat), MUDs, MOOs, MIRC, ICQ, Instant Messengers and many websites like www.yahoo.com or www.cnn.com etc.offer their chat rooms. These chat settings allow users to create and join chat channels or rooms which may have an intended topic of discussion or multiple topics being discussed simultaneously. This paper proposes to discuss how conversation in the text-based Pakistani chat rooms differs from every day ‘casual’ conversation in a number of respects. The data was collected through internet chat logs from Pakistani chat rooms and questionnaires. The study aims to demonstrate the deviations in the ‘chat’ conducted online from that carried out face-to-face. Here the focus also falls upon the expression of culture or the absence of it in the speech. In this paper deviations from culture as well as social norms are focused upon in the light of the Pakistani socio-cultural norms
RELIGIOUS PLURALISM IN ISLAMIC THEOLOGY OF RELIGIONS
Get PDFModern theory of religious pluralism, which emerged initially in the thoughts of liberal Christian theologians, becomes more important after world wide recognition of diversities of cultures, belief systems, and standards of morality. The pluralistic quality of truth affirms that truth is always relational. Among the contemporary Muslims there are those who, on the base of Islamic theology, are also thinking that Islam is not the only way of salvation. Muslims can go to paradise by following Islam; the adherent of other faiths may also attain God’s grace by following their own faith. Unity of essence, in faiths is the base of religious pluralism. Al-Qur’ān is also inviting toward ‘unity of faith’ where wisdom and fair dialogue bring together the communities of different religions and cultures into a harmony of faith and purpose. Exclusivisim, inclusivism, parallelism and pluralism are dialogical attitudes but pluralism is most appropriate for dialogue. Sound basis of religious Pluralism is found in Islamic theology. It believes that submission to God in the light of divine guidance is the core of the massages of all the prophets and messengers. All prophets were Muslims (submitters to God), and Islam is not merely the religion preached by Muhammad but was also the religion of all the true prophets of God such as Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, and Jesus and their followers. Muslim recognition of legitimate religions is not limited to Christianity and Judaism only, but it extends to almost al major pre-Islamic religions including Hinduism and Buddhism. Religious pluralism in Islam is based on the acknowledgement of the non-believer on three distinct levels: The first is that of humanism. Its second level is ‘universalism of revelation’. The third level of religious pluralism in Islam is its identification with historical revelation of Judaism and Christianity. The Freedom of choice of faith is the ultimate result and thus aftermath of the religious pluralism. Islam also considers it as the basic ingredient of conversion because conversion by force, coercion or interference is null and void. It is need of time that scholars of Islamic Studies should work hard for exploring the further pluralistic dimensions of Islam
Verb Hybridization: An Interesting Aspect of the Spread of English in Pakistan
Get PDFLike other South Asian countries, in Pakistan, too, English holds a unique position. On one hand the colonial background and the resultant prestige attached to English has played a significant role in determining the pivotal position of English in Pakistan; on the other hand the spread of English across the globe has further strengthened this position. One of the dimensions of the spread of English in Pakistan is the phenomenon of code mixing and the resultant language hybridization. The frequent mixing of English words, phrases, clauses, and sentences in Urdu not only shows the expansion of the vocabulary of Urdu in a specific dimension but also it indicates the spread of English in Pakistan. This linguistic phenomenon has very significant socio-cultural implications. Within this background the paper aims at exploring the process of language hybridization by focusing on the phenomenon of code mixing with specific reference to verb hybridization. The linguistic data for the research is taken from two TV programs: ‘News Night’ and ‘Pchaas Minute’. The paper focuses only on the linguistic analysis of code mixing of lexical items falling in the verb category i.e. hybridization in compound verbs and verb phrases; and presents the linguistic and sociolinguistic dimensions of the phenomenon. Hopefully the research will help in understanding the linguistic/ sociolinguistic change that is taking place in Pakistan with reference to the spread of English
خودنوشت سوانح عمری:چند بنیادی مباحث
No full textThis research paper deals with the basics or origin of biography and autobiography in this paper it has been discussed that autobiography is not based only personal experiences or memories about part. It has some technical ground and basics which we have to fellow. This paper also reflected the qualities of a good autobiography
دیوانِ اوحدی(فارسی)حضرت خواجہ غلام فخرالدین فخر جہاںؒ دا سرائیکی ترجمہ۔ سرائیکی دانشوراں کیتے تحقیق دے کئی سوال
No full textThere is a long tradition of Sufi orders and Sufi poetry in the Indo-Pak subcontinent, which survives till date. The Sufi teachings started to spread in Punjab in the 5th century of Islamic calendar. A large number of Sufis saints came to this area and chose to settle here for good. One of the prominent Sufi saints, Khawaja Mueenuddin Chishty Ajmeri (a.r.) made Ajmer the centre of Chishtia Sufism from where it was taken to the other areas of the sub-continent, including the southern Punjab during the course of centuries. It is interesting to note that some of the prominent Sufis of Chishtia order were greatly interested in music and poetry, such as Baba Freed Ganj-e-Shakar and Hazrat Amir Khusrau. In the later generation of this Sufi order Khwaja Ghulam Fareed distinguished himself as a great spiritual being and as a great Siraiki poet. His elder brother and spiritual teacher Khawaja Fakhruddin Auhadi was also a poet of certain merit. He wrote in Persian and had a Diwan of his Persian poetry collected in his life time. This Diwan has already been published. I have discovered a manuscript of versified Siraiki translation of this Diwan of Auhadi which deserves attention of concerned scholars
تحقیق میں اخبارات کی اہمیت: ایک مثال
No full textThis research paper highlights the importance of newspapers in the literary research work. In this paper the researcher has pointed out the last visitor of Allama Iqbal ,based on the news that published in The Civil and Military Gazette on 22 of April 1938.By giving the instance of this news ,it is emphasized that news papers are contemporary sources and provide numerous hints for further research
خواجہ فرید کی شعری جمالیات(تفہیم اور استحسان۔ چند سوالات)
No full textThis paper attempts to propose that poets like Baba Farid, Khawaja Farid, Waris Shah, Bulhay Shah amp; others who composed their verses in different regional, language of Pakistan cannot be critically appreciated using the same poetic analysis for all. The paper argues that different parameters for the appreciation of poetry written a different languages be devised and adopted in order to do justice to these works
پاکستانی خواتین افسانہ نگار کےافسانوں میں مشاہداتی عنصر و مقصدیت
No full textIn this article it has been expressed through research that short stories of women writers from the four provinces (Sindh Punjab, Balochistan amp; Frontier) of Pakistan are not limited to entertainment but in these short stories such unfelt social problems, which are invisible by usual sight amp; become dangerous social disease, pointing out with artistic sublimity the different stages of these diseases, are followed by effective remedy, from an individual to regional, national and international social evils. Despite of all this, why is the speed of progress so slow in these particular circles? What are the basic reasons of this and how this can be eliminated and speed of progress can be accelerated? ,so that the double opportunities can be availed by the generations to see and understand the beauty of universe. This article carries the related material
التراث في نقد الشعر العربي المعاصر منهجا ابداعيا– دراسة تحليلية
No full textThis research deals with the opinions of critics, in what they have written on our modern Arabic poetry. The research proceeded in the order of the publication dates of the relied upon critics’ work, the beneficial knowledge which each has taken from his predecessors, as they appeared in the presentation. The research starts with an explanation of the linguistic meaning of the word “heritage”, and its usage in the present context. Then the research turns to the words of the critics on the sources of this heritage (its origins), including religious, historical and literary sources, and sources from folklore and mythology, with an explanation of the personalities of our modern poets, putting them into groups corresponding to the personalities of the prophets – peace be upon them -, and relating what has been revered of them and what abased this is the first one. Secondly, this research turns to an examination of the relationship between modern Arabic poetry and its heritage, and how it applies to it
MOHTARAMA FATIMA JINNAH AND THE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION OF 1965
Get PDFThe paper analyses the political contributions of Mohtarama Fatima Jinnah regarding the election of 1965 as a contester and the leader of Combined Opposition Parties (COP). Her decision to contest the Presidential Election of 1965 was the part of her firmed belief in democracy, sovereignty of political culture and the restoration of human and social values in the country. The paper also highlights the leadership qualities of Mohtarama Fatima Jinnah during the course of her whole life. As a sister of Great Quaid, her perceptions and aptitudes towards the right path, unity, faith and discipline are the main features of this paper